Rudolph of Austria (Cardinal)
Rudolph Johann Joseph Rainer of Austria (born January 8, 1788 in Florence , † July 24, 1831 in Baden near Vienna ) was Archduke of Austria, Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Olomouc and Cardinal of the House of Habsburg-Lothringen . In today's memory he is mainly present as a composer and as a patron of Beethoven .
Life
Rudolph was the 12th and youngest son of the Grand Duke of Tuscany and later Emperor Leopold II. At first he seems to have embarked on a military career, because for a few years (1802–1809) he was the owner of Infantry Regiment No. 14 . In 1816, however, he entered the clergy and was raised in the consistory of June 4, 1818 by Pope Pius VII to cardinal with the titular church of San Pietro in Montorio . In 1819 he was appointed Archbishop of Olomouc and enthroned as such.
Rudolph died in Baden near Vienna and was buried in the Capuchin Crypt in Vienna . His heart was buried in the Wenceslas Cathedral in Olomouc .
patron
Rudolph was a great friend and patron of the arts. He played the piano himself and also composed. Around 1808 he became a student of Ludwig van Beethoven and was also the only one who Beethoven still taught at that time. From 1809 he paid him an annual pension of 1,500 thalers to keep him in Vienna. Beethoven dedicated numerous important works to him, including:
- 4th Piano Concerto in G major op.58
- 5th Piano Concerto in E flat major op.73
- Piano Sonata in E flat major, op.81a ( Les adieux )
- Violin Sonata in G major op.96 (1812)
- Piano Trio in B flat major op.97 ( Archduke Trio )
- Piano Sonata in B flat major, Op. 106 ( Fortepiano Sonata )
- Piano Sonata in C minor, Op. 111
- Large fugue in B flat major for string quartet op.133
- Arrangement of the Great Fugue for piano four hands (1826), op.134
In addition, the Missa solemnis op. 123 was written for Rudolph's enthronement as Archbishop of Olomouc.
Musical works (selection)
- Serenade in B flat major for clarinet, viola, bassoon and guitar (ca.1812)
- Sonata for piano and violin in F minor (ca.1812)
- Trio in E flat major for clarinet, violoncello and piano (1814)
- 40 Variations op. 1 on a theme by Ludwig van Beethoven for piano (1818-19)
- Sonata in A major op.2 for clarinet and piano (1822)
- Septet in E minor for clarinet, bassoon, horn, violin, viola, violoncello, double bass (1830)
- Theme and variations on Ja mam Konè ( I have horses ) for basset horn and piano
ancestors
Pedigree of Rudolf of Austria | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Great-great-grandparents |
Duke |
Philip I of Bourbon (1640–1701) |
Emperor |
Duke |
Louis of France (1661–1711) |
Odoardo II. Farnese (1666–1693) |
King |
Emperor |
Great grandparents |
Duke Leopold Joseph of Lorraine (1679–1729) |
Emperor Charles VI. (1685–1740) |
King Philip V (1683–1746) |
King August III. (1696–1763) |
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Grandparents |
Emperor Franz I Stephan (1708–1765) |
King Charles III (1716–1788) |
||||||
parents |
Emperor Leopold II (1747–1792) |
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Rudolph of Austria |
literature
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Rudolph Johann Joseph Rainer, Archduke, Cardinal and Archbishop of Olmütz . No. 280. In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 7th part. Imperial-Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1861, p. 145 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Anton Weis: Rudolf (Archbishop of Olomouc) . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 29, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1889, p. 547 f.
- AK Huber – H. Rider: Rudolf Johann Josef Rainer. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 9, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1988, ISBN 3-7001-1483-4 , p. 316 f. (Direct links on p. 316 , p. 317 ).
- Peter Urbanitsch : Rudolf. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , p. 180 f. ( Digitized version ).
Web links
- Literature by and about Rudolf of Austria in the catalog of the German National Library
- Entry on Rudolph of Austria on catholic-hierarchy.org
- HABSBURG-LOTHARINGEN, Rudolf Johannes Joseph Rainier from. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed March 31, 2016.
predecessor | Office | successor |
---|---|---|
Maria Thaddäus von Trautmannsdorff |
Archbishop of Olomouc 1819–1831 |
Ferdinand Maria von Chotek |
Leopold Ernst von Firmian |
Cardinal priest of San Pietro in Montorio 1819–1831 |
Antonio Tosti |
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Rudolph of Austria |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Rudolph Johann Joseph Rainer of Austria |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austrian Archduke, Catholic Archbishop of Olomouc and Cardinal |
DATE OF BIRTH | January 8, 1788 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Florence |
DATE OF DEATH | July 24, 1831 |
Place of death | Baden near Vienna , Lower Austria |