Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria
Maria Anna Christine Victoria of Bavaria (born November 28, 1660 in Munich , † April 20, 1690 in Versailles ) was a Bavarian princess and the wife of the French heir to the throne 'la Grande Dauphine'.
Life
Maria Anna Victoria was the eldest daughter of Elector Ferdinand Maria von Bayern (1636–1679) from his marriage to Henriette Adelheid (1636–1676), daughter of Duke Viktor Amadeus I of Savoy . Especially her mother paid attention to the artistic and musical training of the princess. Maria Anna Victoria wrote, painted, sang and played the harp. One of her teachers was Johann Caspar von Kerll .
Maria Anna Victoria was well educated for her time, she spoke fluent German (with a Bavarian accent), French, Italian and could read Latin fluently. She could draw, dance elegantly and gracefully, sing presentably, and play the harpsichord . Liselotte von der Pfalz , whom she met at the French court, describes her as very witty, amiable and natural. "She is very courteous, but full of dignity and without becoming tasteless." However, it is also unanimously reported that the princess was truly no beauty. If you look at the pictures of her today and consider that they were generally painted very euphemistically (to improve the chances on the marriage market), then you can understand this judgment.
Already in the secret Bavarian-French alliance of February 17, 1670, the later marriage of the then nine-year-old Maria Anna to the one year younger French crown prince was agreed. Above all, her mother, herself the granddaughter of a Bourbon king, hoped that the marriage project would result in a dynastic increase in her descendants.
On January 16, 1680, the Duke of Croque campaigned for the hand of the princess as the extraordinary ambassador of Louis XIV of France in Munich. The marriage contract had been signed 14 days beforehand. Maria Anna Victoria married on March 7, 1680 in Châlons-sur-Marne her second cousin, the French heir to the throne Ludwig, Dauphin de Viennois (1661-1711). The marriage was concluded for political reasons, especially from a French point of view, and was negotiated by Colbert de Croissy in Munich. The resulting rapprochement between Bavaria and France aroused great concern among Emperor Leopold I , who feared Bavaria might attack Austria via Salzburg .
After her marriage, Maria Anna Victoria took second place in the ladies' position at the court of the Sun King after the queen. Alongside Liselotte von der Pfalz , who was married to the king's brother and with whom she developed a very close relationship, she was already the second Wittelsbach woman at the court of Ludwig. After the queen's death in 1683, she was the first wife of the empire and moved into their apartments in Versailles. The heir to the throne was described as pious and melancholy, while her husband was devoted to the amusements of court and had mistresses.
Maria Anna Victoria died at the age of 29 and was buried in Saint-Denis . On the epitaph of the Bavarian General Feldzeugmeister Heinrich Vambes de Florimont (1663–1752), at the Frauenkirche in Munich , it is noted that she had recruited him in France for the Bavarian army.
progeny
From their marriage, Maria Anna Victoria had the following children:
- Ludwig (1682–1712), Dauphin von Viennois , Duke of Burgundy
- ⚭ Princess Maria Adelaide of Savoy (1685–1712)
- Philip V (1683–1746), King of Spain
- ⚭ 1. 1701 Princess Maria Luisa Gabriella of Savoy (1688–1714)
- ⚭ 2. 1714 Princess Elisabetta Farnese of Parma (1692–1766)
- Karl (1686–1714), Duke of Berry
- ⚭ 1710 Princess Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans (1695–1719)
literature
- Peter Claus Hartmann : The Dauphine Maria Anna Christina of Bavaria (1660–1690) and her court. In: Upper Bavarian Archive . Vol. 93, 1971, pp. 16-25.
- Peter Claus Hartmann: Two Wittelsbach princesses at the court of Ludwig XIV: Maria Anna Christina of Bavaria and Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate. In: Journal for Bavarian State History . Vol. 44, 1981, pp. 269-285, ( digitized ).
- Klaus Malettke : The Bourbons. Volume 1: From Heinrich IV. To Louis XIV. 1589–1715. W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart et al. 2008, ISBN 978-3-17-020581-9 , p. 246.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Linda Maria Koldau : Women - Music - Culture. A manual on the German-speaking area of the early modern period. Böhlau, Cologne et al. 2005, ISBN 3-412-24505-4 , p. 229.
- ↑ Dirk van der Cruysse: " Being a Madame is a great craft". Liselotte von der Pfalz - a German princess at the court of the Sun King (= series Piper. 2141). Unabridged paperback edition, 12th edition. Piper, Munich et al. 2010, ISBN 3-492-22141-6 , p. 275.
- ↑ Roswitha von Bary: Henriette Adelaide. Electress of Bavaria . Pustet, Regensburg 2004, ISBN 3-7917-1873-8 , p. 284 .
- ^ Andreas Buchner : History of Bavaria. Volume 9: Contains the history of Bavaria from the death of Elector Maximilian I in 1651 to the death of Elector Karl Theodor in 1799. Self-published, Munich 1853, p. 25 .
- ^ Georg Abdon Pichler: Salzburg's country history. Volume 1: General History. Oberer'schen Buchhandlung, 1865, p. 480 .
- ↑ Hartmann: Two Wittelsbach princesses at the court of Ludwig XIV. In: Journal for Bavarian State History. Vol. 44, 1981, pp. 269-285, here p. 272.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Maria Anna Christine Victoria of Bavaria (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Princess of Bavaria |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 28, 1660 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Munich |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 20, 1690 |
| Place of death | Versailles |