1660

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1660
With Charles II the monarchy is reinstated in England .	Kaspar von Stieler publishes the collection of poems Die Geharnscht Venus .
Sweden and Poland-Lithuania close the Treaty of Oliva .
1660 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1108/09 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1652/53 (September 10-11)
Bengali solar calendar	1065/66 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar	2203/04 (southern Buddhism); 2202/03 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	72nd (73rd) cycle Year of the Metal Rat庚子 ( at the beginning of the Earth Pig year 己亥)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	1022/23 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	3993/94 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar	1038/39
Islamic calendar	1070/71 (September 5-6)
Jewish calendar	5420/21 (September 5-6)
Coptic calendar	1376/77 (September 10-11)
Malayalam calendar	835/836
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1970/71 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1971/72 (turn of the year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1716/17 (April)

Events

Politics and world events

Sweden

Development of the Swedish empire until 1660

• February 13th : King Karl X. Gustav of Sweden , who was also Duke of Bremen-Verden , dies during the Estates Day in Gothenburg. He is followed by his son Charles XI. on the throne. His mother Hedwig Eleonora von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf exercises the regency for the five-year-old.
• May 3 : The Treaty of Oliva (Peace to Oliva) is signed in the Oliva Monastery between Emperor Leopold I , Elector Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg , King Karl XI. of Sweden (or his guardian) and King John II Casimir of Poland-Lithuania closed. In this treaty, King John Casimir withdraws his claims to the Swedish crown. At the same time he recognizes the Swedish sovereignty over Livonia and Riga, which has existed since the 1620s, as well as the sovereignty of the Hohenzollern Duchy of Prussia . The agreement highlights the 1,656 contracts signed from Konigsberg , Marienburg and Labiau and confirms the 1657 closed Treaty of Wehlau .
• June 6 : Sweden and Denmark-Norway conclude the Treaty of Copenhagen . Two years after the Peace of Roskilde , Trondheim and Bornholm passed from Swedish to Danish ownership.

England / Netherlands

• May 8th : In England , Parliament proclaims Charles II from the House of Stuart king, thereby ending the Commonwealth of England .
• May 29th : In England the monarchy is reintroduced with the arrival of King Charles II in London on his 30th birthday .

• The Republic of the United Netherlands donated 24 mostly Italian Renaissance paintings to King Charles II of England to improve the relationship between the two countries. The Dutch gift will become a bone of contention between the political groups in the Netherlands for the next few years.

France

The wedding of Ludwig and Maria Theresa

• June 9th : France's King Louis XIV marries the Infanta Maria Teresa of Spain in Saint-Jean-de-Luz . The marriage confirms the peace in the Pyrenees that was concluded between the two countries on Isla de los Faisanes the previous year .

Other events in Europe

• October 18 : The stands pay homage to the Danish-Norwegian King Friedrich III. who, according to a resolution of the Reichstag, is now allowed to exercise hereditary absolutist rule .

American colonies

• July 15 : The First Esopus War ends with a peace treaty between the Dutch colony of Nieuw Nederland and the Esopus tribe .

South Africa

Africa map of the year 1660

• Dutch Boers colonize South Africa .

economy

Wasertaler from 1660

• The Wasertaler was minted in Zurich under Mayor Johann Heinrich Waser . The thaler aroused the indignation of the republican population of Zurich because the Zurich coat of arms is crowned on the obverse of the coin.

science and technology

• November 28 : Twelve scholars, including Christopher Wren , William Petty , Robert Boyle and John Wilkins, decide to found a scientific society at Gresham College , later the Royal Society in London .

• The Klencke Atlas , at that time the largest atlas in the world, is completed.
• First prediction of a storm by Otto von Guericke using a barometer

Culture

• Publication of the collection of poems Die Harnscht Venus by Kaspar von Stieler
• The London pleasure garden Vauxhall Gardens opens.

• around 1660: The Historia of the Nativity by Heinrich Schütz is performed for the first time in Dresden

society

Samuel Pepys (1666); Painting by John Hayls; National Portrait Gallery (London)

• January 1 : Samuel Pepys makes the first entry in his secret diary , which he will keep until May 31, 1669 .

Mary Dyer's execution

• May 31 : Quaker Mary Dyer is sentenced to death for the second time in Boston for entering town to protest the Quaker banishment . She is hanged the following day.

• The Granary Burying Ground , the third oldest cemetery in Boston , is opened.

Historical maps and views

Louis XIV in Paris (1660)

Nieuw Amsterdam 1660

Born

First half of the year

• February 19 : Friedrich Hoffmann , professor of medicine in Halle an der Saale († 1742 )

• March 25 : Samuel Crell , German preacher († 1747 )
• March 28 : Arnold Houbraken , Dutch painter and art writer († 1719 )

• 0April 1 : Franz Beer , Austrian architect and builder († 1726 )
• 0April 6 : Johann Kuhnau , German Baroque composer († 1722 )
• April 19 : Sebastián Durón , Spanish organist and composer († 1716 )
• April 24 : Cornelis Dusart , Dutch painter († 1704 )

• 0May 2 : Alessandro Scarlatti , Baroque composer, father of Domenico Scarlatti († 1725 )
• May 29 : Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough , childhood friend and close confidante of Queen Anne and the wife of John Churchill († 1744 )

George I.

• 0June 7th : George I , Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg and Elector of Hanover as well as archbanner and treasurer of the Holy Roman Empire, King of Great Britain and Ireland, Titular King of France († 1727 )
• 0June 9 : Ludwig Anton von Pfalz-Neuburg , Bishop of Worms († 1694 )

Second half of the year

• July 16 : Jakob Prandtauer , Austrian architect († 1726 )
• July 24th : Charles Talbot Shrewsbury , British politician († 1718 )

• September 29th : Georg Wilhelm I of Liegnitz-Brieg-Wohlau , last legitimate male descendant of the Silesian Piast family († 1675 )

• November 22nd : Franz Karl von Auersperg , Prince of Auersperg, Duke of Münsterberg and Imperial General († 1713 )
• November 28 : Maria Anna of Bavaria , daughter-in-law of Ludwig XIV. († 1690 )

Exact date of birth unknown

Daniel Defoe

• Daniel Defoe , English writer († 1731 )
• Giovanni Pietro della Torre , royal. Prague court stone mason († 1711 )
• Johann Joseph Fux , Austrian composer († 1741 )
• Francesco Antonio Tullio , Italian librettist († 1737 )

Born around 1660

• 1659 or 1660: Andreas Schlüter , Prussian architect and sculptor († 1714 )

Died

First half of the year

• 0February 2 : Govaert Flinck , Dutch painter (* 1615 )
• 0February 2 : Gaston de Bourbon , Duke of Orléans (* 1608 )
• February 13 : Karl X. Gustav , King of Sweden (* 1622 )

• 0April 6 : Michelangelo Cerquozzi , Italian painter (* 1602 )
• April 18 : Susanna Lorántffy , wife of the Transylvanian Prince Georg I. Rákóczi, supporter of the Reformation and benefactress (* around 1600 )
• April 20 : Anna Elisabeth , Princess of Anhalt-Dessau and Countess of Bentheim-Steinfurt (* 1598 )

Elisabeth Charlotte von der Pfalz, Electress of Brandenburg

• April 26 : Elisabeth Charlotte von der Pfalz , Electress of Brandenburg (* 1597 )
• April 27 : Johann Rudolf Stucki , Swiss Protestant clergyman and university professor (* 1596 )

• May 11 : Christoph Althofer , German Lutheran theologian (* 1606 )
• May 12 : Hans Friedrich von Knoch , German soldier and member of the Fruit Bringing Society (* 1603 )
• May 29 : Frans van Schooten , Dutch mathematician (* 1615 )

• 0June 2nd : Gesche Köllers , victim of the witch persecution in Loccum (* around 1620 )
• 0June 7th : Georg II. Rákóczi , Prince of Transylvania (* 1621 )
• June 30th : William Oughtred , English mathematician (* 1574 )

Second half of the year

• 0July 2 : Francesco Maffei , Italian painter (* around 1600 )
• July 25 : Johann Praetorius , German composer and organist (* 1595 )
• July 27 : Giovanni Battista Vanni , Italian painter and etcher (* 1599 )

Diego Velázquez

• 0August 6 : Diego Velázquez , Spanish painter (* 1599 )
• August 14 : Maria Gonzaga , Princess of Mantua, regent of Mantua, Montferrat, Nevers and Rethel (1637–1647) (* 1609 )

• 0September 8 : Daniel Czepko , German poet (* 1605 )
• September 12 : Jacob Cats , Dutch poet and politician (* 1577 )
• September 16 : Hans XIV. Von Rochow , German squire and company commander of the first standing army of the Mark Brandenburg (* 1596 )
• September 27 : Vincent von Paul , priest, is considered the founder of modern Caritas (* 1581 )

• 0October 4 : Francesco Albani , Italian painter (* 1578 )
• 0October 7th : Paul Scarron , French writer (* 1610 )
• October 24 : William Seymour, 2nd Duke of Somerset , English nobleman (* 1588 )

• 0November 5 : Alexandre de Rhodes , French Jesuit and missionary (* 1591 )
• November 12th : Antonius Aemilius , German historian and philosopher (* 1589 )
• 0December 3 : Jacques Sarazin , French sculptor (* 1592 )
• December 31 : Johann Bellin , German grammarian (* 1618 )

Exact date of death unknown

Judith Leyster

• Judith Leyster , Dutch Baroque painter (* 1609 )
• Siegmund von der Marwitz , Brandenburg court official (* around 1586 )
• James Nayler , English Quaker (* 1618 )
• Francis Newman , English colonist and governor of the New Haven Colony
• Thomas Urquhart , Scottish poet and translator (* 1611 )

Web links

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