Swedish Estates Day
The Swedish Estates' Assembly ( Ståndsriksdag ) was the gathering of representatives of the four estates (aristocracy, clergy, citizens and peasants) in Sweden until 1866. It goes back to the old Germanic Thing assemblies and was the highest constitutional institution in the empire after the king resigned however, usually only every three years together. The chairman was the land marshal , who came from the knighthood . The majority principle applied in the resolution, so that a resolution could only be passed if three of the four states voted in favor.
Important meetings
- The assembly of the States in 1435 in Arboga , in Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson the Empire Captain was elected, is commonly regarded as the first native Swedish Reichstag; however, there is no evidence that the farmers' stand has already participated.
- At the insistence of the Reich Administrator Sten Sture and the Reichsrat , the Chamber of Commerce of 1517 decided to depose the Archbishop of Uppsala , Gustav Trolle . This decision, which was affirmed by the council members with a seal, later served as evidence in the Stockholm carnage and ultimately led to the dissolution of the Kalmar Union .
- On the stands Diet of 1527 in Västerås at the instigation of was I. Gustav Vasa the luther ical Reformation introduced in Sweden.
- At the Diet of 1544, again in Västerås, the Swedish crown was made hereditary in the Gustav I. Wasas family.
- The Diet of 1595 in Söderköping elected the Protestant Duke Karl as Reich Administrator in order to ensure that the Lutheran creed was retained. Four years later, the Catholic King Sigismund was deposed and Karl was named Karl IX. elected king.
- The assembly of 1612 decided, under pressure from Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna , to transfer all high state offices only to members of the nobility
- The first open conflicts between the estates occurred on the Estates' Day of 1650.
- The Diet of 1680 decided to largely confiscate the land that had been given to the nobility in the previous decades in favor of the Crown.
- On the diets of 1719 and 1720, the estates took advantage of the unclear succession to the throne after the death of Charles XII. in order to enforce a new constitution that gave sole legislative power to the Chamber of the States.
- In 1809, Gustav IV Adolf and his descendants were excluded from the succession to the throne and instead elected his uncle Karl to be king, albeit only after he had approved a new law on succession to the throne, the Order of Success .
resolution
At the State Parliament from 1865 to 1866, all four Estates voted for the dissolution and the simultaneous establishment of the new Reichstag , which functioned as a bicameral parliament until 1971 .
Literature
- Stig Hadenius: The Riksdag in Focus: Swedish History in a Parliamentary Perspective , Coronet Books Incorporated, 1997. (Eng.)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Anders Sannerstedt, Nils Andrén. Riksdagen , 1994. In: K. Marklund et al. (Ed.) Nationalencyklopedin (Swedish). Bokförlaget Bra Böcker AB, 1989–1996. ISBN 91-7024-620-3