Charles XIII (Sweden)

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Charles XIII in admiral's uniform (painting by CF von Breda)

Charles XIII (Born September 26 . Jul / 7. October  1748 greg. In Stockholm , † 5. February 1818 ibid) was from 1809 to 1818 King of Sweden and, as Charles II. From 1814 to 1818 and King of Norway . He was the last king of Sweden from the Holstein-Gottorp dynasty .

Life

Karl was the second son of Adolf I Friedrich of Sweden and his wife Louise of Prussia and younger brother of King Gustav III. He was married to his cousin Hedwig von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf . They had a son, Prince Karl Adolf of Sweden (born July 3, 1798, † July 10, 1798).

In recognition of his support for the absolutist coup in 1772, his brother named him Duke of Södermanland . When the Russo-Swedish War broke out in 1788, he was appointed Grand Admiral (Storamiral) Commander-in-Chief of the Swedish Navy, and after the suppression of the Finnish Anjalabund conspiracy in 1788, he was appointed Governor General of Finland. In the Gulf of Finland he asserted himself against the Russian fleet at Hogland (1788) and Öland (1789).

It is controversial whether and to what extent Karl sympathized with the Anjalabund and was later even involved in the murder of his brother. After the death of Gustav III. In 1792, the new King Gustav IV ruled under the tutelage of Charles until he came of age . As a confidante of Duke Karl, Count Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm now had significant influence and led the so-called "Reuterholm Regime" .

In the first months after the fall of Gustav IV Adolf on March 13, 1809, Charles ruled as imperial administrator. He became King of Sweden on June 6, 1809.

Since Karl himself had no surviving children, he adopted Christian August of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (1768-1810) in 1809 , who called himself Karl August as the Swedish heir to the throne. He died on May 28, 1810, probably after a stroke.

After Christian August's death, Charles XIII adopted in 1810 the French Marshal Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte (1763-1844) under the name Karl Johann as the new heir to the throne . He became King of Sweden in 1818 as Charles XIV John .

On March 17, 1811, Karl Johann took over the government due to illness of the king and led it until his death on February 5, 1818. On May 27, 1811, Karl founded the Knightly Order of Charles XIII named after him . which only accepts Protestant Freemasons .

The defeat of France in the Napoleonic Wars also led to a loss of power for Denmark, which was allied with him . In the Peace of Kiel , Sweden received Norway , which had previously been ruled by the Danish king in personal union. The Norwegian Storting elected Charles XIII on November 4, 1814. unanimously to his monarch, having previously expressly assured Norway that it would respect its constitution. There he reigned as Charles II.

ancestors

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Christian Albrecht of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf (1641–1695)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Christian August of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf (1673–1726)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Friederike Amalie of Denmark (1649–1704)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Adolf Friedrich King of Sweden (1710–1771)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Friedrich VII. Magnus of Baden-Durlach (1647–1709)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Albertine Friederike von Baden-Durlach (1682–1755)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Augusta Marie of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf (1649–1728)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Charles XIII King of Sweden
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Friedrich I. King in Prussia , (1657–1713)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Friedrich Wilhelm I King in Prussia (1688–1740)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sophie Charlotte of Hanover (1668–1705)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Luise Ulrike of Prussia (1720–1782)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 George I King of Great Britain (1660-1727)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sophie Dorothea of ​​Hanover (1687–1757)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sophie Dorothea of ​​Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1666–1726)
 
 
 
 
 
 

literature

Web links

Commons : Charles XIII. (Sweden)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Holstein-Gottorp , 1992. In: K. Marklund et al. (Ed.) Nationalencyklopedin (Swedish). Bokförlaget Bra Böcker AB, 1989–1996. ISBN 91-7024-620-3
  2. ↑ To speak of Stora . In: Theodor Westrin, Ruben Gustafsson Berg, Eugen Fahlstedt (eds.): Nordisk familjebok konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi . 2nd Edition. tape 27 : Stockholm-Nynäs järnväg – Syrsor . Nordisk familjeboks förlag, Stockholm 1918, Sp. 128 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).
  3. ^ Jörgen Weibull: Reuterholm. In: K. Marklund et al. (Ed.) Nationalencyklopedin. Bokförlaget Bra Böcker AB, 1994, ISBN 91-7024-620-3 (Swedish).
  4. ↑ a b Jörgen Weibull: Karl XIII. In: K. Marklund et al. (Ed.): Nationalencyklopedin. Bokförlaget Bra Böcker AB, 1993, ISBN 91-7024-620-3 (Swedish).
  5. ^ Jörgen Weibull: Karl August. In: K. Marklund et al. (Ed.): Nationalencyklopedin. Bokförlaget Bra Böcker AB, 1993, ISBN 91-7024-620-3 (Swedish).
  6. ↑ a b Jörgen Weibull: Karl XIV Johan. In: K. Marklund et al. (Ed.): Nationalencyklopedin. Bokförlaget Bra Böcker AB, 1993, ISBN 91-7024-620-3 (Swedish).
  7. ^ Jörg-Peter Findeisen: The Swedish Monarchy - From the Viking rulers to the modern monarchs. Volume 2: 1612 to date. Kiel 2010.
  8. ↑ retrobibliothek.de
predecessor Office successor
Gustav IV Adolf King of Sweden
1809-1818 		Charles XIV / III. Johann
Christian VIII King of Norway
1814-1818 		Charles XIV / III. Johann
personal data
SURNAME Charles XIII
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Charles XIII from Sweden; Charles II of Norway
BRIEF DESCRIPTION King of Sweden (1809-1818) and King of Norway (1814-1818)
DATE OF BIRTH October 7, 1748
PLACE OF BIRTH Stockholm
DATE OF DEATH February 5, 1818
Place of death Stockholm