1675

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1675
Elector Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg defeated the Swedes in the Battle of Fehrbellin in the Northern War .
In southern New England , King Philip's War begins under Chief Metacomet .	The Portuguese Synagogue is inaugurated in Amsterdam .
1675 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1123/24 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1667/68 (September 11-12)
Bengali solar calendar	1080/81 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar	2218/19 (southern Buddhism); 2217/18 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	72nd (73rd) cycle Year of the wooden hare乙卯 ( at the beginning of the year wooden tiger 甲寅)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	1037/38 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	4008/09 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar	1053/54
Islamic calendar	1085/86 (March 27-28)
Jewish calendar	5435/36 (September 20/21)
Coptic calendar	1391/92 (September 11-12)
Malayalam calendar	850/851
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1985/86 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1986/87 (turn of the year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1731/32 (April)

Events

Politics and world events

Europe

Northern War

• Invasion of Sweden in 1674/75

The Northern War 1675

• June 15 : The Battle of Rathenow is the first skirmish between the troops of Brandenburg-Prussia and Sweden in the Northern War .
• June 27th : Battle near Nauen . Battle of retreat of Swedish rearguard units with Brandenburg vanguard.
• June 28 : Elector Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg defeats the Swedes in the Battle of Fehrbellin in the Northern War .
• September 15 : The Bremen-Verden campaign in the Northern War begins with the invasion of the Munster into the Wildeshausen office and the further advance via the city of Bremen to Verden.
• September 28 - October 2 : Start of the failed landing operation of Brandenburg troops in front of Carlsburg . The Brandenburgers in front of Carlsburg were overwhelmed by Swedish relief on October 2nd
• October 3 : Ottersberg is captured by Münster troops
• October 4 : Swedish troops beat Danish attack on the Wursten from
• October 12th : Allied troops take Buxtehude
• October 28th : Allied troops take Bremervörde
• December 13th : The Scandinavian War : Wismar in Sweden is attacked by Danish troops.

Dutch War

Partial view of the Battle of the Konzer Bridge. Expulsion of the French (blue flags) from Granahöhe by General Grana's imperial troop contingent (orange & yellow flags)

• January 5th : In the battle of Türkheim in Alsace, the French under Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, vicomte de Turenne , defeat an Austrian and Brandenburg army.
• August 11th : Louis XIV is defeated by an imperial army in the battle of the Konzer Bridge during the Dutch War .

• The poison affair in France begins with the trial of Marie-Madeleine de Brinvilliers .

Further operations in Europe

• With the early death of Georg Wilhelm I of Liegnitz-Brieg-Wohlau , the settled fiefdoms, the duchies of Liegnitz , Brieg and Ohlau in Silesia, fell to the crown of Bohemia .

Antarctic

• April: The English trader Anthony de la Roché is the first person to discover South Georgia , making the first land discovery south of the Antarctic Convergence .

America

• June 1 : John Sassamon murder trial

King Philip's War site and historical locations (red)

• End of June: King Philip's War begins.
• September 18 : Bloody Brook massacre

science and technology

mathematics

• The integral symbol appears for the first time . "Utile erit scribi pro omnia." (It will be useful instead of writing omnia). ${\displaystyle \int }$
  ${\displaystyle \int }$ ${\displaystyle \int }$

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz notes this in his treatise Analysis tetragonistica . Omnia stands for omnia l and is used in the geometrically oriented area calculation method by Bonaventura Cavalieri . Leibniz's printed publication is De geometria recondita from 1686 .

Others

• June 22nd : The English King Charles II founds the Royal Greenwich Observatory , the construction of which is commissioned by John Flamsteed , the first Astronomer Royal since March 4th . The construction is carried out by Christopher Wren .

• Maria Sibylla Merian publishes the first volume of her botanical work New Flower Book .
• Friederich Martens ' Spitzbergische or Groenlandische Reise description done in 1671 is printed in Hamburg.

Culture and religion

Wren's adopted design from 1675

• June: Christopher Wren begins construction of the new St Paul's Cathedral in London . The old building burned down in the Great Fire in 1666 .
• August 2nd : The Portuguese Synagogue is inaugurated in Amsterdam . Their floor plan becomes a model for other Jewish sacred buildings in Europe and America.

• Philipp Jacob Spener's reform pamphlet Pia desideria, or the heartfelt desire for a godly improvement in the true Evangelical Church, along with some simple-minded Christian suggestions, appears in Frankfurt am Main. It received the church reform proposals of Pietism , which met with great response from the believers of the time.
• The French orientalist François Pétis de la Croix brings the Persian fairy tale collection A Thousand and One Days to Europe and begins translating it.

Born

First half of the year

• 0January 4th : Liberat Weiß , German missionary of the Franciscan order and Catholic martyr († 1716 )
• January 14 : Karoline von Fuchs-Mollard , Austrian nobleman, educator of Empress Maria Theresia († 1754 )
• January 16 : Louis de Rouvroy, Duke of Saint-Simon , French politician and writer († 1755 )
• January 21 : Franziska Sibylla Augusta von Sachsen-Lauenburg , Margravine and Regent of Baden-Baden († 1733 )

• 0February 8 : Henry Thynne , English politician († 1708 )
• February 11 : Johann Alexander Döderlein , Weißenburg scholar († 1745)
• February 14 : Johann Cyriak Hackhofer , Austrian painter († 1731 )
• February 25 : Johann Erhard Straßburger , German Baroque architect and Gotha master builder († 1754 )
• February 28 : Guillaume Delisle , French cartographer († 1726 )

• March 24th : Friederike von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg , Princess of Anhalt-Zerbst († 1709 )
• March 28 : Friedrich Wilhelm I , Duke of Mecklenburg in the Mecklenburg-Schwerin region († 1713 )
• March 28 : Johann Wilhelm , Duke of Saxony-Jena († 1690 )
• March 31 : Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, as Pope Benedict XIV († 1758 )
• 0April 3 : Guillem Mesquida i Munar , Mallorcan painter († 1747 )
• April 11 : Johann Daniel Herrnschmidt , German Lutheran theologian († 1723 )

Second half of the year

• July 12 : Evaristo Dall'Abaco , Italian violinist, cellist and composer († 1742 )
• July 14 : Claude Alexandre de Bonneval , French adventurer († 1747 )
• July 25 : James Thornhill , British painter († 1734 )

• August 17 : Johann Adolph Wedel , German medic († 1747 )

• 0September 5 : Christian Gottlieb Schwarz , German philologist and university professor († 1751 )
• September 15 : Watchtang VI. , Georgian king and scientist († 1737 )

• 0October 6 : Diamante Maria Scarabelli , Italian soprano († 1754 )
• 0October 7th : Rosalba Carriera , Venetian painter († 1757 )
• October 10 : Peter Kolb , German teacher and ethnologist († 1726 )
• October 21 : Higashiyama , 113th Emperor of Japan († 1710 )
• October 25th : Johann Benedict Carpzov III. , German historian, lawyer and mayor of Zittau († 1739 )

• November 29 : Bartolomeo Carlo Rastrelli , Italian-Russian sculptor, art caster and architect († 1744 )

• December 28 : Heinrich Klausing , German Lutheran theologian, mathematician, astronomer and polyhistor († 1745 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Johann Christoph Lauterbach , German cartographer and engineer officer († 1744 )

Died

First half of the year

• January 26th : Domenico II. Contarini , 104th Doge of Venice (* 1585 )
• February 18 : Marie Eleonore von Brandenburg , Countess Palatine and Regent of Simmern (* 1607 )
• 0March 7th : Kaspar Amort , Bavarian court painter (* 1612 )
• March 10 : Johann Konrad Schragmüller , German clergyman, theologian and university lecturer (* 1605 )
• March 26th : Ernst I of Saxe-Gotha , son of Duke Johann III. of Saxe-Weimar (* 1601 )
• 0April 4 : Zacharias Kniller , German painter (* 1611 )
• April 17th : Marie-Madeleine de Vignerot , French nobleman and patroness (* 1604 )
• 0May 6 : August Philipp , Duke of Oldenburg and Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (* 1612 )
• 0May 6 : Michael Bergmann , German author of reference works (* 1633 )
• May 18 : Jacques Marquette , French monk and discoverer of the Mississippi River (* 1637 )
• May 19 : António Luís de Meneses, 1st Marquês de Marialva , one of the most important generals of the Portuguese Restauraçao (* 1603 )
• May 25 : Gaspard Poussin , Italian painter (* 1615 )
• May 30th : José Antolínez , Spanish painter (* 1635 )

• 0June 3 : Lothar Friedrich von Metternich-Burscheid , Archbishop and Elector of Mainz (* 1617 )
• June 11 : Dorothea Maria of Saxe-Weimar , Duchess of Saxe-Zeitz (* 1641 )
• June 12 : Charles Emanuel II , Duke of Savoy (* 1634 )
• June 13 : Christian von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein , court official and politician (* 1627 )

Second half of the year

• July 10 : Bertholet Flémal , Liège painter (* around 1614 )
• July 27th : Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne , Viscount de Turenne, French military leader and Marshal of France (* 1611 )
• August 15 : Nicholas Easton , English politician (* 1593 )
• 0September 8th : Amalie zu Solms-Braunfels , Princess of Orange and Countess of Nassau (* 1602 )
• September 18 : Charles IV , Duke of Lorraine and Bar (* 1604 )
• October 27 : Gilles Personne de Roberval , French mathematician and inventor (* 1602 )
• October 29 : Christian Hoburg , theologian, mystical spiritualist (* 1607 )
• October 29 : Andreas Hammerschmidt , German composer and organist (* 1611 or 1612 )
• November 10 : Leopoldo de 'Medici , Italian cardinal and art patron (* 1617 )
• November 11th : Tegh Bahadur , ninth guru of Sikhism (* 1621 )
• November 14th : August Augspurger , German poet, translator and epigrammatist (* 1620 )
• November 14 : Jacques Courtois , Italian battle and history painter (* 1621 )
• November 15 : Cort Sivertsen Adeler , Norwegian seaman and admiral (* 1622 )
• November 21 : Georg Wilhelm I of Liegnitz-Brieg-Wohlau , last legitimate male descendant of the Silesian Piast family (* 1660 )
• 0December 2 : Franz Hieß , Austrian master stonemason and baroque sculptor and subordinate of the Wiener Bauhütte (* 1641 )
• December 10 : Johann Fink , German painter (* 1628 )
• December 15 : Jan Vermeer , Dutch painter (* 1632 )
• December 31 : Abraham van Diepenbeeck , Dutch glass painter (* 1596 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Piotr Baryka , Polish writer (* 1600 )
• William Blaxton , early European settler in New England (* 1595 )
• Girolamo Fantini , Italian trumpeter and composer (* 1600 )
• Emanuele Tesauro , Italian writer (* 1592 )

Died around 1675

• Bathsua Makin , English scholar and women's rights activist (* 1600 )

Web links

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