1617

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1617
Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau , former Prince Archbishop of Salzburg , dies in solitary confinement at the Hohensalzburg Fortress .	John Napier develops the Napier ruler .
Concino Concini , the most powerful man in France, is from the palace guard of Louis XIII. arrested and murdered.
1617 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1065/66 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1609/10 (September 10/11)
Bengali solar calendar	1022/23 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar	2160/61 (southern Buddhism); 2159/60 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	71st (72nd) cycle Year of the Fire Snake丁巳 ( at the beginning of the year Fire Dragon 丙辰)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	979/980 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	3950/51 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar	995/996
Islamic calendar	1025/ 1026 /1027 (Year 8/9 January. // 28/29. December)
Jewish calendar	5377/78 (September 29/30)
Coptic calendar	1333/34 (September 10-11)
Malayalam calendar	792/793
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1927/28 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1928/29 (turn of the year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1673/74 (April)

Events

Politics and world events

Russia / Sweden / Poland-Lithuania

Through the Peace of Stolbowo, Sweden acquires Karelia and Ingermanland (red)

• February 27 : The Russian Tsar Michael I and the Swedish leader Jacob De la Gardie close the treaty of stolbovo to end the since 1610 permanent Ingermanland war . Sweden receives the Schluesselburg fortress and other fortresses in the Ingermanland province . Russia is regaining Novgorod , but will in future remain without direct access to the Baltic Sea .
• August: The Polish King and Grand Duke of Lithuania Władysław IV. Wasa makes one last attempt to assert his claims to the Moscow throne by force of arms. After he succeeded in getting the Sejm through the - albeit inadequate - financing of a Russian campaign, he set off from Warsaw in August and conquered Dorogobusch and Vyasma .
• October 22 : In Uppsala Cathedral is Gustav II Adolf. Of the king Sweden crowned. He has ruled the country since 1611.

France

The beheading of Leonora Galigaï on the Place de Grève

Concino Concini , Marshal d'Ancre, the most powerful man in France and advisor to Maria de 'Medici during her reign for her son Louis XIII. , is arrested and killed on April 24th by the palace guards of Ludwig under the orders of Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes . Maria de 'Medici is sent into exile in Blois. Concinis wife, Mary maid Leonora Dori , is arrested on July 8 because of " witchcraft " and "divine and human lese majeste " executed . King Louis XIII takes power in France .

Other events in Europe

• June 6th : The Habsburg Archduke Ferdinand is elected King of Bohemia while his cousin Matthias was still alive . His measures to re-catholicize Bohemia and the restriction of the rights of the estates , which he initiated soon after, caused displeasure and a revolt of the estates was on the way.

Ferdinand is crowned King of Bohemia

• June 29th : The Habsburg Ferdinand II is crowned King of Bohemia in Prague . He is a supporter of recatholicization and soon finds himself embroiled in conflicts that lead to the Thirty Years War .
• July 29th : In the Oñate Treaty , the Austrian and Spanish lines of the House of Habsburg agree on questions of succession. The Spanish side's waiver of claims to Hungary and Bohemia is compensated by leaving smaller lands to them.
• September 26th : The Treaty of Madrid ends the Friulian War between Ferdinand of Inner Austria and the Republic of Venice .
• November 22nd : Sultan Ahmed I dies of typhus at the age of 27. His brother Mustafa I succeeds him to the throne of the Ottoman Empire , as Ahmed's son Osman is only 13 years old at this point.

• Christian IV. , King of Denmark and Norway and Duke of Schleswig and Holstein founded Glückstadt in competition with Hamburg . With the promise of religious freedom , he tries to persuade people in the area to settle in the new fortress city.

science

Napier ruler

The Scottish mathematician John Napier in his work describes Rabdologiae seu numeratio per virgulas libri duo the Napier computing sticks with which multiplications and divisions can be made. The calculating rods later had a decisive influence on the development of the first calculating machine .

Culture

music

• Heinrich Schütz becomes court conductor in Dresden.

painting

The Great Last Judgment

The oil painting The Great Judgment , a commission for Wolfgang Wilhelm von Pfalz-Neuburg , is completed in the workshop of Peter Paul Rubens . It is the largest-format painting that Rubens has ever produced. The canvas panels are sewn together several times. Probably ten to twenty artists worked on the picture, but the only signature on the picture is that of Rubens. The design and the final nuances come from the master.

society

• July 5th : In Flörsheim am Main the young people Ela, Johann and Margreth Schad , who were convicted of alleged witchcraft, are burned in public.
• August 23 : The first one-way street is set up in London .

The coconut palm, emblem of the fruit-bearing society

On the occasion of the funeral of Duchess Dorothea Maria von Sachsen-Weimar , family members and friends meet on August 24th in Weimar for a funeral meal at Hornstein Castle . When during the table discussion the topic of language societies abroad and the lack of a German counterpart came up, Court Marshal Kaspar von Teutleben suggested the establishment of such a circle. Spontaneously, Prince Ludwig I of Anhalt-Köthen and his son of the same name , the three dukes of Saxe-Weimar, Friedrich , Johann Ernst the Elder, join forces . J. and Wilhelm , as well as the Dessau court marshal Christoph von Krosigk and his brother Bernhard von Krosigk, came up with this idea. You found the Fruitful Society on the same day . Prince Ludwig is elected as the first head on the day it was founded.

Disasters

Depiction of Grete Minde at the city fountain of Tangermünde

• The city center of Tangermünde burned down almost completely. A girl named Grete Minde is said to have set the fire. She is sentenced to death for this. Your innocence will later be proven. Theodor Fontane takes up the process in his novel Grete Minde .

religion

Christianity

Study Church of the Assumption from the southeast

• June 11 : The study church of the Assumption of Mary in Dillingen on the Danube , which was built by order of the Augsburg prince-bishop Heinrich V. von Knöringen, presumably by master builder Hans Alberthal , is consecrated in honor of the Assumption of Mary . The bells, which were cast by Wolfgang Neidhardt in Augsburg , were consecrated on January 15th .

• The French priest Vincent von Paul founds the Catholic women's group Dames de la Charitè in the parish of Châtillon-les-Dombes under the motto of charity and thus lays the foundation for modern Caritas . The charitable group sees itself as an alternative to the strict enclosure of the nuns.

Shintoism

Nikkō Tōshō-gū, Yomeimon

• The Shintō shrine Nikkō Tōshō-gū in the Japanese city of Nikkō is built.

Born

First half of the year

• 0January 6th : Christoffer von Gabel , Holstein trader, Danish governor on the Faroe Islands and in Copenhagen, confidante of King Frederik III. († 1673 )

• 0February 2 : Isaac de Portau , French musketeer, model for the character Porthos in Alexandre Dumas' novel The Three Musketeers († after 1643)
• February 20 : Detlev von Ahlefeldt , Danish officer, diplomat and writer († 1686 )
• February 21 : Johann Heinrich von Dünewald , Austrian General Field Marshal of the Cavalry († 1691 )

• 0April 3 : Antimo Liberati , Italian music theorist, singer, organist, conductor and composer († 1692 )

• May 23 : Elias Ashmole , English scientist, lawyer, alchemist and historian († 1692 )
• May 29 : Anna Maria von Baden-Durlach , German poet and painter († 1672 )

Second half of the year

• July 31 : Johann Heinrich Ott , Swiss Protestant clergyman and university professor († 1682 )

• August 13 : Johann Andreas Quenstedt , German Lutheran Orthodox theologian († 1688 )

• September 28 : Johann Christfried Sagittarius , German church historian and Lutheran theologian († 1689 )
• September 29 : Lothar Friedrich von Metternich-Burscheid , Archbishop and Elector of Mainz († 1675 )

• 0November 6 : Leopoldo de Medici , Italian cardinal and art collector († 1675 )
• November 16 : Friedrich IV. , Margrave of Baden-Durlach († 1677 )

• 0December 4 : Evaristo Baschenis , Italian painter († 1677 )
• December 22nd : Karl I. Ludwig , Elector Palatinate († 1680 )
• December 25 : Christian Hofmann von Hofmannswaldau , German writer († 1679 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Louis d'Anglure de Bourlemont , French lawyer, diplomat and archbishop († 1697 )
• David Lewis , Welsh Jesuit and Catholic saint († 1679 )

Born around 1617

• Edmund Ludlow , English parliamentarian and general († 1692 )

Died

First half of the year

• 0January 6th : Dorothea of ​​Denmark , Duchess of Braunschweig-Lüneburg (* 1546 )
• January 16 : Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau , Prince Archbishop of Salzburg (* 1559 )
• January 20 : Fausto Veranzio , Venetian diplomat, clergyman, polymath and inventor (* 1551 )

• 0February 4 : Louis Elsevier , Dutch publisher, bookbinder and bookseller (* 1540 )
• February 11 : Giovanni Antonio Magini , Italian astronomer and mathematician (* 1555 )
• February 16 : Caspar Ulenberg , German Catholic theologian, Bible translator, poet and composer (* 1548 )

• 0March 9th : Alonso de Ribera de Pareja , Spanish soldier and governor of Chile (* around 1560 )
• March 21 : Pocahontas , princess of the Virginia Algonquin (* 1595 )

• 0April 4 : John Napier , Scottish mathematician and naturalist (* 1550 )
• April 24th : Concino Concini , French general and Marshal of France of Italian origin (* around 1575 )
• April 30th : Gesche Meiburg , Brunswick citizen, helped to save the city from the conquest (* around 1581 )

• 0May 3 : Aleixo de Menezes , Archbishop of Goa, Archbishop of Braga and Spanish Viceroy of Portugal (* 1559 )
• 0May 7 : David Fabricius , East Frisian theologian, amateur astronomer and cartographer (* 1564 )
• May 31 : Philipp Jakob Schröter , German medic (* 1553 )

• June 28 : Steffen von Niederbergheim , victim of the witch hunt in Hirschberg in the Sauerland (* before 1590 )

Second half of the year

• 0July 6 : Johann, Margreth and Ela Schad , victims of the witch trials in Flörsheim in the area of ​​the Archdiocese of Mainz (Johann, * around 1596 ; Margreth, * around 1598 ; Ela, * around 1600 )
• 0July 8 : Leonora Galigaï , foster sister and lady-in-waiting Maria von Medicis at the Tuscan and French courts (* 1568 )
• July 13 : Adam Wenzel , Duke of Teschen (* 1574 )
• July 18 : Dorothea Maria von Anhalt , Duchess of Saxe-Weimar (* 1574 )
• July 27 : Kaspar Füger , German composer and Kreuzkantor (* 1562 )
• July 29 : Catherine of Rederns , Bohemian nobles (* 1553 / 1564 )

• August 15 : Christopher Newport , English navigator and pirate (* 1561 )
• August 18 : Tarquinia Molza , Italian musician and poet (* 1542 )
• August 24 : Rosa von Lima , Spanish-Peruvian mystic and Dominican-Terzian, saint of the Catholic Church (* 1586 )
• August 30 : Johann Jakob Grynaeus , Swiss theologian (* 1540 )

• September 13 : Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn , Prince-Bishop of Würzburg and Duke in Franconia (* 1545 )
• September 25 : Go-Yōzei , 107th Emperor of Japan (* 1571 )
• September 25th : Francisco Suárez , Portuguese theologian and philosopher (* 1548 )

• 0October 2 : Isaak Oliver , English miniature painter (* around 1560 )
• October 19 : David Höschel , German humanist (* 1556 )

• 0November 5 : Georg Ridinger , actually Georg von Ridinger, German architect and builder (* 1568 )
• November 17th : Dorothea von Sachsen , 32nd Abbess of the Imperial Monastery of Quedlinburg (* 1591 )
• November 22nd : Ahmed I , Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (* 1590 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Franciscus Aguilonius , Belgian mathematician and physicist (* 1567 )
• Charlotte de Beaune-Semblançay, comtesse de Sauve , French noblewoman, mistress of the French King Henry IV (* 1551 )
• Barnabe Rich , English writer (* around 1540 )
• Margarethe Sievers , victim of the witch trials in Verden (* 1601 )
• Theodoricus Petri Ruutha , Finnish composer (* around 1560 )
• Luis de Velasco y Castilla , Spanish conquistador, viceroy of New Spain and Peru (* 1539 )
• Yönten Gyatsho , Mongolian nobleman, fourth Dalai Lama (* 1589 )

Died around 1617

• Hans Ardüser , Swiss traveling painter, schoolmaster and chronicler (* 1557 )

Web links

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