1562

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Heads of State · Nekrolog · Year of Literature

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1562
Maximilian II from the House of Habsburg , King of Bohemia , is ...	… Frankfurt Cathedral also crowned Roman-German King.
The Huguenots are defeated in the Battle of Dreux .
1562 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1010/11 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1554/55
Buddhist calendar	2105/06 (southern Buddhism); 2104/05 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	70th (71st) cycle Year of the Water Dog壬戌 ( at the beginning of the year metal rooster 辛酉)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	924/925 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	3895/96 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar	940/941
Islamic calendar	969/970 (turn of the year August 30/31)
Jewish calendar	5322/23 (August 30/31)
Coptic calendar	1278/79
Malayalam calendar	737/738
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1872/73 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1873/74 (turn of the year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1618/19 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

Holy Roman Empire

The imperial insignia of the Holy Roman Empire

• November 24th : Maximilian II is elected Roman-German king in Frankfurt am Main . Until 1792, Frankfurt Cathedral will be the coronation site of the German kings and Roman-German emperors.

France

• In the edict of Saint-Germain-en-Laye on January 17th, the French regent Catherine de Medici guarantees the Huguenot nobility limited freedom of belief in the Catholic kingdom. The royal decree, also known as the 1st religious edict, allows people to follow a belief that deviates from the Catholic conviction in the suburbs or out in the country.

The blood bath of Wassy, ​​colored copper engraving by Frans Hogenberg

• March 1st : The Catholic Franz von Guise orders an attack and massacre on Protestants near the city of Wassy . Then the first Huguenot war breaks out in France .
• October 9 : First Huguenot War : In the Battle of Vergt , the Huguenots are defeated by the Catholic army under Blaise de Montesquiou .
• December 19 : The battle of Dreux is lost in the First Huguenot War by French Protestant troops under the command of Prince Ludwig I of Condé and Admiral Gaspard of Coligny . The Prince of Condé is captured by the Catholic army under François de Lorraine, duc de Guise .

Scotland

• January: The Catholic nobleman George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly , criticizes the policy of the Scottish Queen Mary Stuart towards the Catholics and therefore falls out of favor with her. She revokes Huntly's Earldom of Moray and appoints her half-brother Lord James Stewart as the new Earl of Moray in early February . Huntly is ostracized and ordered to surrender all of the Huntly Castle's guns to the Queen. In the summer he started an uprising with his sons, which was bloodily suppressed by the Queen and James Stewart until November.

Other events in Europe

• Cosimo I de 'Medici founds the Tuscan Military Order to combat piracy and defend the faith.

America

• The Spanish conquistador Pedro González founded the city of La Asunción in what is now Venezuela .
• The French navigator Jean Ribault is commissioned by Gaspard II. De Coligny, seigneur de Châtillon , to found a Huguenot colony in North America . He sails to Florida and founds the Charles Forte settlement in the region of today's Port Royal in South Carolina , which has to be vacated after a year. One of Ribault's companions on the expedition is René Goulaine de Laudonnière .

science and technology

• On May 12th, the Jesuits under Petrus Canisius founded a Latin school in Innsbruck as a forerunner of the Academic Gymnasium and opened school on June 25th , from which the University of Innsbruck emerged in 1669 .

• King Philip II of Spain founds the Université de Douai in Douai , today's Université Lille Nord de France in Lille .
• The businessman Alessio Fontana founds the University of Sassari in Sardinia .
• The name California appears for the first time on the map of America by the cartographer Diego Gutiérrez , who is employed at the Spanish Casa de Contratación .
• The Pünte near Wiltshausen , a small hand-operated ferry, is first mentioned in a document.

Culture

Visual arts

The Fall of the Rebelling Angels , oil on panel

• Pieter Bruegel the Elder paints the painting The Fall of the Rebelling Angels in oil on wood .
• Tommaso Rangone , Grand Master of the Scuola Grande di San Marco in Venice , commissioned Jacopo Tintoretto to depict the miracles of St. Mark for the decoration of the rooms of the Scuola. Until 1566 the works are created The finding of the corpse of St. Mark , The Rescue of the body of St. Mark and the rescue of a Saracen .

literature

→ Main article : Literature year 1562

• The narrative poem The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet by Arthur Brooke appears. A good thirty years later it would inspire William Shakespeare to write his famous tragedy Romeo and Juliet .

society

• around 1562: The Gasthof Zum Roten Hirsch , the oldest relaxation and one of the oldest secular buildings in Eilenburg , is built.

religion

Page 9 of the Dresden Codex

• July 12 : Diego de Landa , as the inquisitor of the Yucatán , burns Mayan writings, images and symbols at a car dairy. He wants to convert Indians to the Christian faith. Only four Maya codices remain.
• Friedrich IV von Wied becomes Archbishop of Cologne . He succeeds Gebhard von Mansfeld , who died on November 2nd .

• Volumes V and VI of the Magdeburg Centuries , a church history from the perspective of the Reformation , appear.
• The third and last Trent period of the Council of Trent begins. It clarifies and delimits Protestantism , including the sacraments of consecration and marriage and the Catholic liturgy .
• The final version of the Geneva Psalter , the central Reformed hymn book, is published in French.

Disasters

• October 18 : A Spanish squadron consisting of 28 galleys gets caught in a strong hurricane off the Spanish coast, near Málaga . 25 galleys capsize and sink in meter-high waves , with around 4,000 seamen, marines and rowing slaves drowning. Don Juan de Mendoza , the squadron commander, was among the dead . Only three galleys later reach the port of Malaga.

• The eruption of the volcano on Pico leads to a wave of emigration from the Azores island .

Historical maps and views

America map by Diego Gutierrez

Born

• January 12 : Charles Emanuel I , Duke of Savoy († 1630 )
• April 21 : Valerius Herberger , Lutheran theologian, poet and writer in Poland († 1627 )
• April 24 : Xu Guangqi , Chinese scholar and minister of the Ming Dynasty († 1633 )
• April 25 : Friedrich Wilhelm I , Duke of Saxe-Weimar († 1602 )

• May 26th : Jacob III. von Baden , Margrave of Baden-Hachberg († 1590 )
• May 29 : Johann Wilhelm von Jülich-Kleve-Berg , Bishop of Münster and Duke of Jülich-Kleve-Berg (†  1609 )

• 0September 1 : Georg , Count of Nassau-Dillenburg († 1623 )
• September 22nd : Vincenzo I. Gonzaga , Duke of Mantua and Montferrat († 1612 )
• September 24 : Hercule , Lord of Monaco († 1604 )
• October 19 : George Abbot , English prelate († 1633 )

Lope de Vega

• November 25 : Lope Félix de Vega Carpio , Spanish poet († 1635 )
• December 18 : Philipp Dulichius , German composer († 1631 )
• December 30th : Henning Dedekind , German composer († 1626 )

• Bartholomäus Gesius , German cantor and composer († 1613 )

Died

First half of the year

• January 20 : Balthasar von Promnitz , Bishop of Breslau (* 1488 )
• February 11 : Johannes Stigel , German poet and rhetorician (* 1515 )
• February 19 : Eberwin III. , Count of Bentheim-Steinfurt (* 1536 )

• 0March 7th : Michael Lindener , German Schwank poet (* around 1520 )
• April 30th : Brigitta von Pfalz-Simmern , abbess in Neuburg Abbey (* 1516 )
• May 16 : Adham Khan , politician in the Mughal Empire (* unknown)
• 0June 2 : Thomas III. Nádasdy , Hungarian magnate and palatine of the king (* 1498 )

Second half of the year

Götz von Berlichingen

• July 23 : Gottfried "Götz" von Berlichingen zu Hornberg , Franconian Imperial Knight and role model for the main character in Goethe's play Götz von Berlichingen (* around  1480 )
• 0August 1st : Virgilius Solis , was a draftsman and engraver (* 1514 )
• 0September 5 : Katharina Zell , theological author and reformer (* around 1497 )

• October 19 : Eggerik Beninga , Frisian historian, one of the first statesmen in East Frisia (* 1490 )
• October 28 : George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly , member of the Scottish aristocracy (* 1514 )

• 0November 2 : Gebhard von Mansfeld , Archbishop of Cologne (* around 1500 )
• 0November 4 : Hieronymus Besold , German Lutheran theologian (* around 1500 )
• November 12 : Peter Martyr Vermigli , Italian Protestant Old Testament scholar in Strasbourg, Oxford and Zurich (* 1499 )
• November 17th : Anton of Bourbon , titular king of Navarre (* 1518 )

• 0December 3 : Simon Pistoris the Younger , German lawyer and Chancellor of the Duchy of Saxony (* 1489 )
• 0December 6th : Jan van Scorel , Dutch painter (* 1495 )
• 0December 7th : Adrian Willaert , Flemish composer and the founder of the Venetian School (* 1490 )
• 0December 9th : Johann II. , Count von Rietberg (* after 1523 )
• December 17th : Eleonora of Toledo , Duchess of Florence (* 1522 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Catharina von Ahlefeldt , hereditary mistress of Haseldorf and Haselau
• Mikołaj z Chrzanowa , Polish composer and organist (* around 1485 )

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