1536
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Map with all linked sites: | 1536 | |
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| 1536 in other calendars | |
| Armenian calendar | 984/985 (turn of the year July) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1528/29 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2079/80 (southern Buddhism); 2078/79 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana ) |
| Chinese calendar | 70th (71st) cycle
Year of the fire monkey丙申 ( at the beginning of the year wood sheep 乙未) |
| Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 898/899 (turn of the year April) |
| Dangun era (Korea) | 3869/70 (October 2-3) |
| Iranian calendar | 914/915 |
| Islamic calendar | 942/943 (turn of the year 19/20 June) |
| Jewish calendar | 5296/97 (September 15-16) |
| Coptic Calendar | 1252/53 |
| Malayalam calendar | 711/712 |
| Seleucid era | Babylon: 1846/47 (turn of the year April)
Syria: 1847/48 (turn of the year October) |
| Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) | 1592/93 (turn of the year April) |
Events
Politics and world events
England
- May 30 : England's King . Henry VIII is married eleven days after the execution of Anne Boleyn with Jane Seymour . She is his third wife.
- September: Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk , crushes the Lincolnshire uprising.
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- October 8 : In the north of England breaks under the leadership of lawyers Robert Aske the Pilgrimage of Grace ( Pilgrimage of Grace ) from a rebellion of Catholics against the elimination of the English church from Rome and the bastardization of the Princess Maria . In a matter of days, the uprising spreads to Yorkshire , Richmondshire , Sedbergh , Nidderdale and Mashamshire . The number of pilgrims grows into the thousands. Among them are members of the clergy, simple peasants, members of the gentry and the higher English nobility, some of whom use force to gain entry into towns and houses. Since Heinrich's army is outnumbered by the insurgents, he has to negotiate with them. He offers a general pardon and makes far-reaching concessions. Among other things, his wife Jane Seymour is to be crowned Catholic Queen in York . After the uprising has dissolved, Heinrich does not keep these concessions.
- The Principality of Wales is incorporated into the Kingdom of England ( Act of Union under Henry VIII ).
Other events in Europe
- The canton of Vaud becomes subject to the canton of Bern .
- The Danish Diet decides to introduce the Lutheran Reformation in Denmark .
American colonies
The Spaniard Pedro de Mendoza founds Buenos Aires , today's capital of Argentina , on February 2nd under the name: Puerto de Nuestra Señora Santa María del Buen Ayre ("Port of Our Lady [Saint] Mary of the Good Wind").
- April 14th : The Inca ruler Manco Cápac II succeeds in escaping from captivity by the Spaniards . He organized Inca troops in the Urubamba Valley and took the Sacsayhuamán fortress near Cusco .
- May 6th : The siege of Cuzco by the Inca under Manco Cápac II begins. The Spaniards were able to repel an attack on Ciudad de los Reyes ( Lima ).
- Diego de Almagros' expedition south to what is now Chile ends in disaster.
Culture
- Publication of the first Italian pamphlet with political news, the "Gazetta di Venezia", in Venice
- The drama Homulus of Christian Ischyrius , an adaptation of everyone substance who first appears in print.
religion
Reformation in the Holy Roman Empire and France
In March, the Basel book printer Thomas Platter prints and publishes the first edition of the Institutio Christianae Religionis by Johannes Calvin . As one of the most important books of the Reformation , the Institutio becomes the theological textbook of the French-speaking Reformed Church and the basis of the theology of the Reformed Church outside France. In the - in vain - hope that it may him from the persecution of the Huguenots hold, Calvin left the factory to the French king Francis I paid.
In May, Reformation theologians conclude the Wittenberg Agreement . It is about the interpretation of the Lord's Supper , which is disputed between representatives of the Swiss and the so-called "Upper German" Reformation . In the negotiations from the 21st May bis 28. May the Wittenberg participate Martin Luther , Philipp Melanchthon , Johannes Bugenhagen , Caspar Creuziger , Matthew Alber and Johannes Schradin from Reutlingen , Jacob Ottner from Esslingen am Neckar , Johann Bernhard from Frankfurt , Martin Bucer and Wolfgang Capito from Strasbourg , Martin Frecht from Ulm , Justus Menius from Eisenach , Friedrich Myconius from Gotha , Wolfgang Musculus and Bonifacius Wolfhart from Augsburg , Gervasius Schuler from Memmingen , and Johannes Zwick from Konstanz , who arrived later . Justus Jonas the Elder signs the Agreement retrospectively. With the exception of the Konstanz preacher Zwick, who pretends not to be legitimized to do so, the Upper German cities accept the Agreement, but not the Swiss.
The theological doctrinal difference ultimately leads to a divergence between the German and Swiss Reformations and thus also justifies the special position of Calvinism , which will take on a European dimension in light of the reformed denomination in France. The “German” direction of the Reformation, on the other hand, remains relatively closed despite ongoing discussions about dogmatic-sacramental questions.
Inquisition in Portugal
With papal permission, three inquisitors are appointed to Portugal and the king granted the right to appoint a fourth. The Portuguese Inquisition Council is known as the Consejo general . In motherland Portugal, three inquisition tribunals are finally established in Coimbra, Lisbon and Evora.
Reformation in England
- The Welsh Tintern Abbey is dissolved.
Disasters
- The earthquake Stele Forest from Xichang reported by an earthquake in the district of Liangshan in Sichuan .
Historical maps and views
Born
Date of birth saved
- January 22nd : Philibert von Baden , Margrave of Baden († 1569 )
- February 12 : Leonardo Donà , 90th Doge of Venice († 1612 )
- February 16 : Margaret of Austria , Archduchess of Austria and co-founder and canon of the Haller Damenstift († 1567 )
- February 24 : Ippolito Aldobrandini, under the name Clement VIII Pope of the Catholic Church († 1605 )
- March 31 : Ashikaga Yoshiteru , Japanese Shogun († 1565 )
- April 16 : Poul Cypræus , Danish lawyer, historian and diplomat († 1609 )
- August 10 : Caspar Olevian , German theologian († 1587 )
- August 15 : Johann Münch , German legal scholar († 1599 )
- August 24 : Matthäus Dresser , German school humanist, educator, philologist and historian († 1607 )
- September 6 : Cesare I. Gonzaga , Count of Guastalla and Duke of Amalfi († 1575 )
- October 20 : Joachim Ernst , Prince of Anhalt († 1586 )
- October 28 : Felix Platter , Swiss doctor and writer († 1614 )
- November 11 : Marcantonio Memmo , 91st Doge of Venice († 1615 )
- November 22nd : John VI. , Count of Nassau-Dillenburg and Regent of Gelderland († 1606 )
- December 26 : Yi I , Korean philosopher († 1584 )
- December 29th : Henry VI. von Plauen , Burgrave of Meißen († 1572 )
Exact date of birth unknown
- Eberwin III. , Count of Bentheim-Steinfurt († 1562 )
- Andreas Franckenberger , German historian and rhetorician († 1590 )
- Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham , English statesman and admiral († 1624 )
- Jeremias II , Patriarch of Constantinople († 1595 )
- Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset , English statesman, playwright and poet († 1608 )
Died
First half of the year
- January 3 : Vincens Lunge , Danish and Norwegian councilor (* 1483 )
- January 6 : Baldassare Peruzzi , Italian architect and painter (* 1481 )
- January 7th : Catherine of Aragón , first wife of Henry VIII, Queen of England (* 1485 )
- January 22nd : Jan van Leiden , Baptist ("King of Munster") (* 1509 )
- January 22nd : Bernd Knipperdolling , leader of the Anabaptists in Münster (* around 1495 )
- January 22nd : Bernd Krechting , leader of the Anabaptists in Münster (* before 1500 )
- February 25 : Berchtold Haller , reformer of the city of Bern (* 1492 )
- February 25 : Jakob Hutter , leader and organizer of Tyrolean Anabaptism, burned at the stake (* probably end of the 15th century)
- March 15 : Makbul Ibrahim Pascha , Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (* around 1493 )
- April 4 : Friedrich II. , Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Kulmbach (* 1460 )
- April 4 : Marino Sanudo , Italian historian, writer and diary writer (* 1466 )
- April 27 : Johann Apel , German lawyer and humanist (* 1486 )
- May 17 : George Boleyn , English diplomat and brother of Anne Boleyn, beheaded (* around 1504 )
- May 19 : Anne Boleyn , second wife of Henry VIII, Queen of England, beheaded for high treason (* 1501 or 1507 )
- May 31 : Charles I , Duke of Münsterberg and Oels (* 1476 )
- June 29 : Bernhard III. of Baden , Margrave of Baden-Baden (* 1474 )
Second half of the year
- July 2 : John Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany , Scottish nobleman (* around 1484 )
- July 12 : Erasmus von Rotterdam , Dutch humanist, theologian, philosopher, philologist and author of numerous books (* around 1466 )
- July 23 : Henry Fitzroy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset , illegitimate son of King Henry VIII of England (* 1519 )
- August 20 : Friedrich von Brandenburg-Ansbach , provost in Würzburg Cathedral (* 1497 )
- September 25 : Janus (Johannes) Secundus , Dutch legal scholar, poet, painter and sculptor (* 1511 )
- October 6 : William Tyndale , English Bible translator, burned at the stake (* around 1484 )
- October 14 : Garcilaso de la Vega , Spanish soldier and poet (* between 1498 and 1503)
- October 15 : Germaine de Foix , French aristocrats and Queen of Aragon and Sicily (* 1488 / 1490 )
- October 30 : Hamman von Holzhausen , patrician and councilor in Frankfurt am Main (* 1467 )
- December 8 : Diego Méndez , Spanish navigator and conquistador (* around 1472 )
- December 31 : Margarete Eriksdotter Wasa , sister of the Swedish King Gustav I. Wasa (* 1497 )
Exact date of death unknown
- Christophorus Rauber , second bishop of Laibach (Ljubljana) (* around 1466 )
- Daniel Hopfer , eraser and wood carver in Augsburg (* around 1470 )
- Garcia de Resende , Portuguese courtier, chronicler, poet and architect (* around 1470 )
- Gil Vicente , Portuguese playwright and satirist (* around 1465 )
