Jakob Hutter
Jakob Hutter (also Huter or Hueter ; * around 1500 in Moos, a hamlet near St. Lorenzen in what is now South Tyrol ; † February 25, 1536 in Innsbruck ) was a leader and organizer of Tyrolean Anabaptism . He is considered to be the namesake of the Hutterites .
Life
Hutter learned the hat-making trade in Braies near his birthplace and then went to the Stör . Later he settled in Spittal an der Drau . Perhaps he became acquainted with Anabaptism in Klagenfurt . After converting to the Anabaptist doctrine, he went as a preacher through the Pustertal and founded some small churches there. When the authorities found out about what was going on in the Pustertal in early 1529 , the persecution of the Anabaptists also began in Tyrol . They looked for ways out; because they heard that the Anabaptists were not being persecuted in Moravia , Hutter and a few others were sent there to investigate the situation. Since the situation there turned out to be favorable, the Tyrolean Anabaptists decided to move to Moravia. However, not all Anabaptists went there at once, but gradually in smaller groups. So Hutter decided to stay in Tyrol for the time being in order to provide the Anabaptists there with the word of God.
Hutter escaped capture by the authorities because arrested Anabaptists never revealed his current whereabouts despite the most cruel interrogation methods. As early as 1527 Ferdinand I , at that time Archduke of Austria , Styria , Carinthia , Carniola and Tyrol, announced that such “seductive teachings and heretical sects” would by no means be tolerated.
Hutter went to Moravia in 1533 after the persecution of the Anabaptists in Tyrol had reached its peak. Many Anabaptists from the Palatinate , Swabia and Silesia came to Moravia. Hutter succeeded in protecting the local Anabaptist communities from division, and so Anabaptism in Moravia reached a heyday. Under Hutter's leadership, several joint settlements were founded, in which a community of property analogous to the community of property of the Jerusalem original community was realized. However, in 1535, the Moravian Diet decided to expel all Anabaptists from Moravia, and the Anabaptists scattered to the surrounding countries.
Hutter himself went to Tyrol again. There he was arrested on November 30, 1535 in Klausen together with his wife Katharina and taken to the episcopal fortress Branzoll Castle . On December 9th, Hutter was relocated to Innsbruck. He was interrogated and tried to persuade him to withdraw. Since he neither revoked nor disclosed the names of other Anabaptists, he was subjected to "highly embarrassing" interrogation methods , which he withstood. Hutter was eventually sentenced to death by fire. He was burned at the stake in front of the Golden Roof in Innsbruck on February 25, 1536 . His wife was initially able to flee, but was caught again and executed at Schöneck Castle in 1538 . According to the Hutterite Chronicle, a total of 360 Anabaptists were executed in Tyrol alone.
Remembrance and reconciliation
In Innsbruck a plaque by the Golden Roof commemorates Jakob Hutter.
In the years 2006 to 2007 a working group was formed in Innsbruck to seek signs of reconciliation with the Hutterites . It includes representatives of the Protestant and Catholic Church, the peace movement Pax Christi Tirol and the working group of evangelical congregations. On February 25, 2007, an act of remembrance took place in front of the Golden Roof and a joint prayer service in the old Innsbruck town hall. At the invitation of the working group, three Hutterite married couples came to Tyrol.
Movie
- “Jakob Hutter and the Hutterites, Martyrs of Faith”, documentary, 82 min., Austria 2004, director: Thomas FJ Lederer, producer: Louis Holzer, Taura Film
literature
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz : Huter, Jakob. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 2, Bautz, Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-032-8 , Sp. 1218-1221.
- Carl Adolph Cornelius: Huter, Jakob . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 13, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, p. 460.
- Grete Mecenseffy: Huter, Jakob. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-428-00191-5 , p. 91 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Claus-Peter Clasen: The anabaptists in south and central Germany, Switzerland, and Austria - their names, occupations, places of residence and dates of conversion, 1525-1618 . Mennonite Historical Society, Goshen, Ind. 1978, ISBN 0-8357-0324-X .
- Georg Loesche: Archival contributions to the history of Anabaptism and Protestantism in Tyrol and Vorarlberg (yearbook for the history of Protestantism in Austria 47). Evangel. Press Association in Austria, Vienna 1926.
- Christoph Hartung von Hartungen , Günther Pallaver (Hrsg.): The Anabaptist Movement. On the 450th anniversary of the death of the founder of the "Hutterites" Jakob Huter (1536–1986) . Gaismair Days 1986. Praxis 3, Bozen 1989.
- Werner O. Packull : The Hutterites in Tyrol - early Anabaptism in Switzerland, Tyrol and Moravia (= Schlern writings. 312). Wagner, Innsbruck 2000, ISBN 3-7030-0351-0 .
Web links
Individual evidence
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Hutter, Jakob |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Huter, Jakob; Hueter, Jakob |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Guide and organizer of Tyrolean Anabaptism |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1500 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Moss in St. Lorenzen |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 25, 1536 |
| Place of death | innsbruck |