1504

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1504
Michelangelo's David is unveiled in Florence.	Götz von Berlichingen loses his right hand in the battle.
In the Landshut War of Succession the Battle of Wenzenbach takes place .
1504 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	952/953 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1496/97
Aztec calendar	11. Tubes - Matlactli ozce Acatl (until the end of January / beginning of February: 10th Rabbit - Matlactli Tochtli )
Buddhist calendar	2047/48 (southern Buddhism); 2046/47 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	69/70 (70./71.) Cycle Year of the Wood Rat甲子 ( at the beginning of the year Water Pig 癸亥)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	866/867 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	3837/38 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar	882/883
Islamic calendar	909/910 (turn of the year 13/14 June)
Jewish calendar	5264/65 (September 8/9)
Coptic calendar	1220/21
Malayalam calendar	679/680
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1814/15 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1815/16 (turn of the year October)
Spanish era	1542
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1560/61 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

Central and Eastern Europe

The Principality of Moldova within the boundaries of the years 1484–1538

After the death of Prince Ștefan cel Mare on July 2nd, his son Bogdan III follows him . as Prince of Moldova , after Ștefan forced the boyars on their deathbed on June 30th to recognize him as his successor. He continues the policy of his father, who has always pursued independence from Moldova , but from the outset is confronted with a number of pretenders to the throne supported by Poland , Hungary and the Ottoman Empire , who hope that the Moldovan state will become their own through their establishment Subordinate interests. King Alexander of Poland kept an eye on the Pokutia region in particular .

Holy Roman Empire

• February 5 : At the session of the Reich Chamber Court in Augsburg City Hall on the power disputes over Bavaria-Landshut , King Maximilian I made territorial claims to both sides in return for his work as an arbitrator. Albrecht IV. , Agrees to cede Kitzbühel , Kufstein and Rattenberg to the House of Habsburg . Maximilian then declares the Wittelsbacher's claim to be lawful and provides him with 10,000 men to enforce his claims.
• April 23 : Maximilian I puts Albrecht's opponent Ruprecht von der Pfalz under imperial ban . This marked the beginning of the Landshut War of Succession , with King Maximilian and Albrecht IV on one side, supported by the Swabian Confederation , the Imperial City of Nuremberg , Margrave Friedrich II of Brandenburg and Ansbach-Kulmbach and Duke Ulrich of Württemberg . Ruprecht and his wife Elisabeth of Bavaria are supported by Count Palatine Philipp , the kings of Bohemia and France and Margrave Friedrich IV of Baden .
• July 13th : The first major battle between Albrecht and Rupprecht's troops takes place on the meadows of Altdorf near Landshut, with Götz von Berlichingen on Albrecht's side losing his hand . The battle ends with a victory Albrechts, Ruprecht must be based Landshut retire
• In July, Neumarkt successfully defends itself against the siege by imperial troops from Nuremberg . In August there is a battle between the margravial and the Palatinate army between Ebnath and Neusorg , at what is now known as the “slaughter” near Schwarzenreuth.
• August 9th : Palatinate troops capture Kufstein and about two weeks later Braunau .
• August 20 : Ruprecht von der Pfalz dies like his two eldest sons in Landshut an der Ruhr. His wife Elisabeth continues the war.
• August 22nd : Count Philipp II of Hanau-Lichtenberg dies. His son and successor Philip III. , who, unlike his father, took sides for the Palatinate side in the Landshut War of Succession and fought against King Maximilian, his government is under the ban of imperial ban for this reason.

Triumphal procession of Emperor Maximilian I (the Battle of Bohemia and the Bohemian Trophy Chariot) by Albrecht Altdorfer

• September 12th : The Bohemians, allied with Elisabeth of Bavaria , suffer a heavy defeat against imperial troops in the battle of Wenzenbach . Three days later, Elisabeth also dies of dysentery. In the name of their underage sons Ottheinrich and Philipp , however, the Palatinate councilors continue the war.

• Duke Ulrich von Württemberg besieged Alt-Brettheim .

Southern and Western Europe

The castle of Chinchilla de Montearagón

• January 24th : Pope Julius II and Cesare Borgia , who fled to Ostia , sign an agreement under which the latter is placed under the supervision of Cardinal Bernardino López de Carvajal. On April 29, Cesare flees to Naples . As a guest of the Spanish regent Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba y Aguilar , under pressure from Ferdinand II of Aragón and Julius II, he was arrested, tortured and taken to Spain as a prisoner on May 27 , where he was locked in solitary confinement in the Castillo de Chinchilla de Montearagón becomes.

Joan of Castile

• Johanna I was recognized as heiress by the Cortes in Toledo and Salamanca as early as 1502 . After the death of her mother Isabella I on November 29 , she becomes Queen of Castile and León and the Kingdom of Granada . However, her father Ferdinand II of Aragón takes over the reign for her, which brings him into conflict with Johanna's husband Philip .

Royal coat of arms Johanna I.

South America and the Caribbean

• January 5th : The French navigator Binot Paulmier de Gonneville arrives in Brazil and anchors in what is now São Francisco do Sul .

• Nicolás de Ovando , Spanish governor of Hispaniola , arrests numerous Taíno nobles who are waging war against the Spanish colonial masters during a festival . Queen Anacaona is also arrested and - although she is friendly towards the Spaniards - executed by hanging.
• After Nicolás de Ovando refused to give help to Christopher Columbus , who was stranded in Jamaica, for a year , his confidante Diego Méndez chartered a private ship and rescued the castaways. Columbus returns that same year and tries in vain to restore the privileges promised to him in the surrender of Santa Fe and to enforce his financial demands.

Africa

• Amara Dunqas founds the Sultanate of Sannar with the capital of the same name in what is now Sudan .

Asia

• Babur , ruler of the Mughal Empire , conquered Kabul and made it the capital of his empire.

First documentary mentions

• May 27th : Babben is first mentioned in a document.

• Nusshof is mentioned in a document for the first time.

economy

• The production of the Siegburg Abbey Liqueur can be proven in the St. Michael Abbey in Siegburg .

science and technology

Around 1504, Peter Henlein from Nuremberg was one of the first to build a spring drive in connection with an escapement mechanism (the spring brake) into a portable watch . So he can reduce it to pocket size.

Culture

Visual arts

→ Main article : Art year 1504

• September 8 : Michelangelo's marble statue David is ceremoniously unveiled in front of the Palazzo della Signoria in Florence after three years of work .

Jacopo de 'Barbari:
Still Life with Partridge and Iron Gloves

• Jacopo de 'Barbari paints the still life with partridge and iron gloves , thus establishing a new genre: the 49 x 42 cm trompe-l'œil is the first known independent still life since ancient times.

Ghirlandaio: Coronation of Mary

• Ridolfo Ghirlandaio completes the painting The Coronation of Mary .
• Raffael paints the Marriage of Mary in oil on wood .

literature

→ Main article : Literature year 1504

• Jacopo Sannazaro publishes the pastoral romance Arcadia , which is considered the most excellent bucolic poetry in Italy.
• In Ming Dynasty China, the works Songshi yangsheng bu ( Family Song's Guide to Taking Care of the Physical ) and Songshi Zunsheng bu ( Family Song's Guide to Cultivating Life ) are published. In addition to cooking recipes, it contains material on fermentation processes, fermentation pathogens and food processing.

music

→ Main article : Music year 1504

• The San Lorenzo Palimpsest is created.

society

• August 12 to September 16 : A big shooting festival with Glückshafen takes place in Zurich .

Born

January to May

• January 1 : Caspar Cruciger , German theologian and companion of Martin Luther († 1548 )
• January 3 : Gian Girolamo Albani , Italian cardinal († 1591 )
• January 17 : Antonio Michele Ghislieri, as Pope Pius V († 1572 )
• January 28 : Anna II. Zu Stolberg , abbess of the Reichsstift zu Quedlinburg († 1574 )
• January: Johannes Pistorius the Elder (Niddanus), Hessian reformer and superintendent († 1583 )

• February 1 : Caspar Molitoris , German Benedictine, provost, abbot and historian († 1571 )
• February 4 : Philipp Gallicius , reformed theologian, hymn poet and reformer of the Engadine († 1566 )

• March 15 : Friedrich von Sachsen , Hereditary Prince of the Duchy of Saxony from the Albertine line of the Wettins († 1539 )
• March 22nd : Antonio Francesco Grazzini , Italian poet († 1584 )
• March 31 : Angad Dev , one of the ten founder gurus of Sikhism († 1552 )

• April 30th : Francesco Primaticcio , Italian painter, sculptor and architect of Mannerism, co-founder of the School of Fontainebleau († 1570 )
• May 5 : Stanislaus Hosius , Warmian-Polish Catholic theologian († 1579 )
• May 29 : Antun Vrančić , Hungarian archbishop, scientist and diplomat († 1573 )

June to December

• June 21 : Lienhard Hirschvogel , German merchant and long-distance trader († 1549 )
• June 24 : Johannes Mathesius , German pastor and Lutheran reformer († 1565 )

• July 6 : Christoph Lasius , German Protestant theologian († 1572 )
• July 18 : Heinrich Bullinger , Swiss Reformer and Antistes of the Zurich Reformed Church († 1575 )
• August 1 : Dorothea , first Duchess of Prussia († 1547 )
• August 6 : Matthew Parker , Archbishop of Canterbury († 1575 )
• September 4 : Johann IV. , Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst († 1551 )
• September 20 : Philip III. , Count of Nassau-Weilburg († 1559 )

• October 29 : Shin Saimdang , Korean painter, calligrapher and poet († 1551 )
• November 13 : Philip I the Magnanimous, Landgrave of Hesse († 1567 )

• December 1 : Melchior Kling , German lawyer and jurist († 1571 )
• December 6 : Daniel Greser , German Lutheran theologian († 1591 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Boniface of Ragusa , Dalmatian Franciscan and Bishop of Stagnum († 1582 )
• Hermann Bonnus , German reformer († 1548 )
• Christoph , Count of Oldenburg († 1566 )
• Giulio da Milano , Italian Augustinian monk, Catholic theologian, Protestant pastor and reformer in Vicosoprano, Poschiavo and Tirano († 1581 )
• John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland , English nobleman († 1553 )
• Peter II. Erdődy , Hungarian-Croatian nobleman († 1567 )
• Johannes Fabri , Dominican and cathedral preacher in Augsburg († 1558 )
• Paul Fagius , German reformer and Hebrew († 1549 )
• Niklaus von Flüe , federal politician († 1597 )
• George of Austria , Catholic Archbishop († 1557 )
• Giambattista Giraldi , Italian poet, writer, philosopher and physician († 1573 )
• Justin Göbler , German lawyer († 1567 )
• Patrick Hamilton , Scottish Protestant theologian and martyr († 1528 )
• Luis de Granada , Spanish mystic, priest and spiritual writer († 1588 )
• Dirk Philips , Dutch Baptist († 1568 )
• Scipione Rebiba , Catholic Cardinal († 1577 )
• Wibrandis Rosenblatt , wife of three German reformers († 1564 )
• Caspar Schober , German lawyer, judge at the Imperial Court of Justice in Speyer († 1532 )
• Georg Schöni , Bernese magistrate († 1536 )
• Bernardo Segni , Florentine patrician, philosopher, historian and translator († 1558 )
• John Story , English politician and Roman Catholic martyr († 1571 )
• Jean de Tournes , French printer and publisher († 1564 )
• Ursula Weyda , German reformer and pamphlet author († after 1565)
• Francisco Xerez , Spanish chronicler († around 1547 )

Born around 1504

• Marco d'Agrate , Italian sculptor († around 1574 )
• George Boleyn, 2nd Viscount Rochford , English nobleman and diplomat († 1536 )
• Georg von Egmond , Bishop of Utrecht († 1559 )
• Francesco Lismanini , Italian reformer in Poland († 1566 )
• Johann Sutel , German Protestant theologian and reformer († 1575 )
• Pawo Tsuglag Threngwa , 2nd Pawo Rinpoche, Tibetan clergyman of the Karma Kagyu school and author of a famous Tibetan history († 1566 )

Died

First half of the year

• January 22nd : Pelbart of Timisoara , Hungarian Franciscan, preacher and author of extensive Bible commentaries and collections of sermons (* 1435 )
• January 27th : Ludwig II , Margrave of Saluzzo (* 1438 )

• February 17th : Eberhard II , Duke of Württemberg (* 1447 )
• February 22nd : Thomas von Blankenfelde , Mayor of Berlin (* around 1435 )

• March 19 : Hans von Hallwyl , Switzerland Ritter (* 1433 / 1434 )
• April 8 : Heinrich von Calven , councilor of Lübeck
• April 18 : Filippino Lippi , Italian painter (* around 1457 )
• April 26 : Sophie of Pomerania , Duchess of Mecklenburg (* around 1460 )

• May 5 : Anton Bastard of Burgundy , illegitimate son of Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (* 1421 )
• May 26 : Margarethe von Hanau-Lichtenberg , countess of Nassau-Wiesbaden (* 1463 )
• May 31 : Engelbert II , count of Nassau-Breda (* 1451 )

• June 19 : Bernhard Walther , Nuremberg astronomer, humanist and businessman (* 1430 )
• June 22nd : Johann II , Duke of Sagan and mercenary leader of the Teutonic Order (* 1435 )

Second half of the year

• July 2 : Ștefan cel Mare , Prince of Moldova (* 1433 )
• July 12th : Volmar Warendorp , councilor of Lübeck
• July 21 : Půta Švihovský , Bohemian nobleman (* before 1472)
• July 29th : Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby , English nobleman and ruler of the Isle of Man

• August 8 : Peter Schott the Elder , Strasbourg politician (* 1427 )
• August 8th : Hanns von Wulfestorff , Austrian knight and liege lord
• August 14th : Enevold Sövenbröder , Bishop of Schleswig
• August 15 : Agnes III. von Anhalt , abbess of the imperial free secular imperial monastery of Gandersheim (* 1445 )
• August 15 or 18 : Domenico Maria da Novara , Italian mathematician and astrologer, professor at the University of Bologna (* 1454 )
• August 18 : Clemente Grosso della Rovere , Italian cardinal (* 1462 )
• August 20 : Ruprecht von der Pfalz , Bishop of Freising and pretender to the throne of Bavaria-Landshut (* 1481 )
• August 22 : Philip II , Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (* 1462 )
• August 25 : Ludovico Podocathor , Italian cardinal (* 1429 )
• August 31 : Scholastica von Anhalt , abbess of the free secular monastery of Gernrode and Frose (* 1451 )

Philibert II's tomb in Brou

• September 10th : Philibert II , Duke of Savoy (* 1480 )
• September 15 : Elisabeth of Bavaria , Countess Palatine near the Rhine and Duchess of Bavaria-Landshut (* 1478 )

• October 10 : Michael , abbot of the Benedictine monastery in Münsterschwarzach
• October 12 : Johann Corvinus , Count of Hunyadi, Ban of Croatia and Slavonia and Duke of Slavonia, Opava, Leobschütz, Glogau and Liptau (* 1473 )

• November 9th : Frederick I , King of Naples (* 1452 )
• November 26th : Isabella I , Queen of Castile (* 1451 )

• Succession to the throne in Castile (Spain)
• 

  Isabella's will: Castile does not go to her husband Ferdinand , but to her daughter Johanna (with Philip I of Habsburg )

• 

  The Spanish heir to the throne Carlos and his two sisters Leonor and Isabel

• November: Beatriz de Bobadilla , Spanish mistress of La Gomera and El Hierro (* between 1457 and 1465)
• December 21 : Berthold von Henneberg , archbishop of Mainz, so archchancellor and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire and imperial reformer (* 1441 / 42 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Johannes Ambrosii , titular bishop of Cyzicus and auxiliary bishop in Breslau
• Anacaona , Queen of the Taíno (* 1464 )
• Pedro Berruguete , Spanish painter (* 1450 )
• Lux Böblinger , South German stonemason and master builder
• Mauro Codussi , Italian stonemason and architect (* around 1440 )
• Nicolao Coelho , Portuguese navigator and explorer, death of a seaman (* 15th century)
• Peter Drach , German printer (* 1455 )
• Henning Hagen , German Benedictine and historian (* around 1435 )
• Joachim I , Patriarch of Constantinople
• Gaudenz von Matsch , German nobleman
• Johan van den Mynnesten , German-Dutch painter and engraver (* 1425 )
• Hermen Rode , German painter (* around 1430 )
• Sönam Choglang , Tibetan abbot, second Penchen Lama of the Gelug tradition of Tibetan Buddhism (* 1439 )
• Stefan Waid , German stonemason and master builder at the Konstanz Minster
• Michael von Žamberk , Bohemian clergyman of the Utraquists

Died around 1504

• Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo , Spanish writer (* around 1440 )
• Jörg Scheck von Wald , Burgrave of Steyr
• Alvise Vivarini , Venetian painter (* around 1442 )

Web links

Commons : 1504  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files