1501

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1501
Ferdinand II of Aragon and Louis XII. of France divide the Kingdom of Naples among themselves.
The Portuguese João da Nova discovered the island of Conceição , today's Ascension .
1501 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	949/950 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1493/94
Aztec calendar	8th flint - Chicuei Tecpatl (until the end of January / beginning of February: 7th pipes - Chicome Acatl )
Buddhist calendar	2044/45 (southern Buddhism); 2043/44 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	69th (70th) cycle Year of the metal rooster辛酉 ( at the beginning of the year metal monkey 庚申)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	863/864 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	3834/35 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar	879/880
Islamic calendar	906/907 (turn of the year 16/17 July)
Jewish calendar	5261/62 (September 12-13)
Coptic calendar	1217/18
Malayalam calendar	676/677
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1811/12 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1812/13 (turn of the year October)
Spanish era	1539
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1557/58 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

Northern and Eastern Europe

• May 17th : The Livonian Confederation , which is subordinate to the Teutonic Order , concludes a ten-year alliance in Vilnius with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , which has been at war with the Grand Duchy of Moscow under Ivan III since the previous year . is located.
• August 27 : Wolter von Plettenberg , Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, triumphs in the Battle of the Seriza with an army consisting of knights, mercenaries and Latvian and Estonian peasants over the numerically far superior army of the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Republic of Pskov under the command of Wassili Wassiljewitsch Schuiski and Daniel Wassiljewitsch Schtschenja . The Livonian troops then lay siege to Pskov and move on to Ostrow , but have to contend with the dysentery spreading in the camp.

Holy Roman Empire

• July 13th : Basel and its subject areas join the Confederation as the eleventh place .
• August 19 : Due to its active participation in the Swabian War of 1499, the city-state of Schaffhausen , which had been allied since 1454 , is admitted to the Swiss Confederation .

Southern and Western Europe

Bellini : Portrait of the Doge Leonardo Loredan , 1501

• September 20th : Agostino Barbarigo , Doge of the Republic of Venice , dies. He will be succeeded by Leonardo Loredan .

• Ferdinand von Aragón sends in consultation with Louis XII. from France under the pretext of a crusade against the Ottoman Empire his general Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba y Aguilar to southern Italy. He conquered the Kingdom of Naples and drove Ferdinand's cousin Friedrich I from the throne. Aragon and France divide the kingdom between themselves.

Egypt

• After several changes of power, Al-Ashraf Qansuh (II.) Al-Ghuri from the Burjiyya dynasty becomes Sultan of the Mamluks Empire in Egypt . He succeeds in pacifying the country and reasserting state authority. He expands the Mamluks army and employs more mercenaries. He also had a fleet built in the Red Sea and made alliances with the neighboring Arab states in order to counter the increased trade competition of the Portuguese after the discovery of the sea route to India.

Asia

Shah Ismail I, portrait by Cristofano dell'Altissimo

• Ismail I is crowned Shah of Iran . Tabriz becomes the capital of the newly created empire under the Safavid dynasty, in which the Twelve Shia is introduced as the state religion.

Voyages of discovery and European colonies

• March 5th : Sea route to India : A third Portuguese fleet under the command of João da Nova leaves for Portuguese India . The island of Conceição was discovered between May 13th and 15th .
• May 14 : Three Portuguese caravels under the command of Gonçalo Coelho set sail in Lisbon in the footsteps of Pedro Álvares Cabral . Amerigo Vespucci is also on board .
• September 3 : Nicolás de Ovando succeeds Francisco de Bobadilla , who did not succeed in pacifying the West Indian territories and subordinating the rebellious colonists to the Spanish central administration in the sense of the crown, as governor of the Spanish colonies in the “ New World “Appointed.
• November 1st : Coelho's expedition sails into a bay of the New World , which is named All Saints Bay . Years later, the city of Salvador da Bahia was built on it . The expedition may also see the Falkland Islands this year .

• Ludovico de Varthema sets off from Venice on a trip to Asia. She initially takes him by ship to Alexandria in Egypt, from where he will soon travel on to Cairo . After a short stay, he travels to Beirut and from there to Damascus , where he stays for many months and learns the Arabic language.

economy

• March 1st : Franz von Taxis becomes chief postmaster in the Burgundian Netherlands .

• The first book printing company in Lower Austria was established in Schrattenthal under the rule of the Eyczinger family .

science and technology

Hans Burgkmair the Elder :
The Insignia of the Poet College

• The Collegium poetarum et mathematicorum , a study group for the promotion of humanistic education, is founded by the Roman-German King Maximilian I on the initiative of the poet Konrad Celtis at the University of Vienna as an alternative to studying at the traditional artist faculty . It has four chairs: for poetics, rhetoric and two for mathematical and scientific subjects.
• Jakob Wimpfeling wrote the historical work Germania .
• In the printing house of Aldus Manutius , italics are used for the first time for an edition of Virgil's works . Both Manutius and his type cutter Francesco Griffo later claim the invention for themselves.

• Book printing in Venice : Ottaviano dei Petrucci invents sheet music printing with movable type. Around 1501 he published his first printed sheet music under the title Harmonice Musices Odhecaton , scores of canzones by well-known composers in polyphonic settings.

• Sheet music printing through movable metal types
• 

  Frontispiece of the Harmonice Musices printed by Petrucci , around 1501

• 

  Example: T'Andernaken , set by Jacob Obrecht

Culture

architecture

• The construction of the Mosteiro dos Jerónimos ( Jeronimos Monastery ) begins in Lisbon and will take 100 years to complete.
• The Welfenschloss Münden is built.

Visual arts

→ Main article : Art year 1501

• September 13 : The Pala of Blessed Nicholas of Tolentino , a large altar painting for the Baronci Chapel in the Church of Sant'Agostino in Città di Castello , is completed. Raffael and Evangelista da Pian di Meleto received the contract together at the end of last year.
• After his return from Rome to Florence, Michelangelo Buonarotti received the order for a colossal statue of David from the influential Arte della Lana , the wool weavers' guild . He has a huge block of marble from Carrara at his disposal, which has been stored in the cathedral garden since 1468. Before that, the sculptors Agostino di Duccio (1464) and Antonio Rossellino (1476) had left the massive block roughly hewn and abandoned it. Michelangelo's work on the statue lasted until 1504 .
• On the occasion of his assumption of office, Giovanni Bellini painted the portrait of Doge Leonardo Loredan in oil and tempera on poplar wood .

literature

→ Main article : Literature year 1501

Judita

• The Croatian poet Marko Marulić completed the epic Judita , which established his reputation as the "father of Croatian literature ". The work is published for the first time in 1521 .

society

• October 31 : Cesare Borgia allegedly organizes in the presence of his father, Pope Alexander VI. , and his sister Lucrezia a banquet in the Apostolic Palace in Rome , which turns into an orgy in the course of the evening. The authenticity of the chestnut banquet described by Johannes Burckard in his Liber notarum, among others , is questioned today and the descriptions are largely attributed to anti-papal propaganda.

Flemish tapestry, Katharina and Arthur at their wedding

• November 14 : Shortly after his 14th birthday, the English heir to the throne, Arthur Tudor, marries Catherine of Aragón, nine months his senior . On December 21st, the young couple moved to Ludlow on the Welsh- English border to run their own farm.

• Petrus Martyr von Anghiera travels as Spanish ambassador via Venice to Alexandria to the court of the Sultan of Egypt .

religion

• The Iranian Shah Ismail I of the dynasty of Safavid forces after the conquest of Tabriz on pain of death, all Sunni residents of Iran including Azerbaijan to accept the zwölferschiitischen Islam , which in the region belongs to the vast majority of the population today.

Disasters

• Central Europe floods in July / August : There is a devastating flood in the Alpine foothills and on the Danube , as well as on the Elbe and Oder . Only the Magdalen flood of 1342 and the floods of 1954 and 1902 had comparably high amounts of water and water levels ; only in 2013 were the water levels of 1501 exceeded in Regensburg and Passau. (The Viennese Danube regulation of 1972 is based on the flow rate of 1501.)

Historical maps and views

The second variant of the Romweg map by Erhard Etzlaub (oriented to the south)

Born

Date of birth saved

• January 17 : Leonhart Fuchs , German botanist and physician († 1566 )
• January 24 : Jakob Milich , German mathematician and physician († 1559 )

• February 2 : Theodor Fabricius , German Protestant theologian and reformer († 1570 )
• February 24 : Sixtus Birck , German playwright († 1554 )
• March 12 : Pietro Andrea Mattioli , Italian doctor and botanist († 1577 )

• May 6 : Marcello Cervini , later Pope Marcellus II († 1555 )
• July 18 : Isabella of Austria , Danish Queen († 1526 )

• August 1st : Johann Glandorp , German humanist, pedagogue, poet, Protestant theologian and reformer († 1564 )
• August 1 : Veit Winsheim , German rhetorician, philologist, medic and Graecist († 1570 )
• August 6 : Hieronymus Frobenius , Swiss printer and publisher († 1563 )
• August 17 : Philip II , Count of Hanau-Münzenberg († 1529 )

• September 24 : Gerolamo Cardano , Italian doctor, mathematician and inventor († 1576 )
• October 1 : Wolfgang zu Stolberg , German politician († 1552 )

• November 4 : Pietro Bertani , Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church († 1558 )
• November 14 : Anna von Oldenburg , regent in East Friesland († 1575 )

• December 2 : Barnim IX. , Duke of Pomerania-Stettin († 1573 )
• December 2 : Munjeong , Queen of the Joseon Empire († 1565 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Jo Sik , Korean philosopher and writer († 1572 )
• Matthäus Ratzenberger , German doctor and reformer († 1559 )
• Sahib I. Giray , Khan of the Crimea († 1551 )
• Francesco Stancaro , Italian humanist, physician, Hebraist, Unitarian theologian and reformer († 1574 )
• Perino del Vaga , Italian painter and plasterer († 1547 )
• Thomas Wentworth, 1st Baron Wentworth , English politician († 1551 )
• Yi Hwang , Korean philosopher and writer († 1570 )

Died

First half of the year

• January 3 : Mir ʿAli Schir Nawāʾi , Central Asian politician, builder, mystic and poet at the court of the Timurids (* 1441 )
• January 27 : Thomas Langton , Bishop of St. Davids, Salisbury and Winchester

• February 1 : Siegmund of Bavaria , Duke of Bavaria-Munich, (*  1439 )
• February 25th : Margaret of Bavaria , Electress of the Palatinate (* 1456 )

• March 26 : Dietrich Basedow , Lübeck councilor, businessman and member of the circle society (* around 1420 )
• March 28 : Martin Prenninger , called Martin Uranius , German humanist and legal scholar (* around 1450 )

• April 8 : Hermann von Wickede II , Mayor of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck and member of the circle society (* 1436 )
• April 22nd : Domenico della Rovere , Cardinal of the Catholic Church (* 1442 )

• June 17th : Johann I. Albrecht , King of Poland (* 1459 )
• June 22nd : Ulrich Kreidweiß , priest and vicar general in Cologne

Second half of the year

• July 5th : Cimburga von Baden , margravine of Baden, countess of Nassau-Dillenburg (* 1450 )
• July 13 : Margaret of Saxony , Electress of Brandenburg (* 1449 )

• August 5th : Juan López , Cardinal of the Catholic Church (* 1455 )
• August 10 : Heinrich Quentell , Cologne printer
• August 15 : Konstantinos Laskaris , Byzantine scholar, classical philologist and humanist (* 1434 )
• August 27 : Thomas Grote , Bishop of Lübeck (* around 1425 )

Portrait of Agostino Barbarigos (by Giovanni Bellini )

• September 20 : Agostino Barbarigo , Doge of Venice (* 1419 )
• September 28th : Jean Cordier , Dutch tenor singer (* 1440 )
• October 12 : Matteo Civitali , Italian sculptor and painter (* 1436 )

• November 6th : Giovanni della Rovere , Signore of Senigallia in the Marche (* 1457 )
• November 19 : Amalia of Saxony , Duchess of Bavaria-Landshut (* 1436 )
• November: John Kendal , English knight
• December 30th : Konrad Stolle , Erfurt chronicler (* 1436 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Gaspar Corte-Real , Portuguese navigator (* 1450 )
• Francesco di Giorgio Martini , Italian painter, sculptor, architect and architectural theorist (* 1439 )
• Peter von Koblenz , German builder and stonemason (* around 1440 )
• Jan Ostroróg , voivode of Posen, political writer and advisor to the Polish kings (*  1436 )
• Somphu , ruler of the Laotian kingdom of Lan Xang (* 1486 )
• Ludeke von Thünen , Mayor of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck (* before 1432)

Web links

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