History of the Canton of Schaffhausen

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Map showing the development of the city-state of Schaffhausen up to 1798
Map of the administration of the city-state of Schaffhausen until 1798
Map of the canton of Schaffhausen in Helvetic Republic 1798–1803

The way to the Confederation

Today's Canton of Schaffhausen was a city-state until 1798 ; his records begin in 1045. The village of Schaffhausen , an old shipping area, became the property of the All Saints Monastery , founded there by the Counts of Nellenburg , in the 11th century, and with this it became directly imperial under the Staufers . After the citizenship had gradually emancipated itself from the abbot's rule , the town was pledged to Austria by Ludwig the Bavarian in 1330 , but regained its imperial immediacy in 1415 following the ostracism of Duke Friedrich . In 1411 the new Schaffhausen guild constitution came into force. For the next 400 years, the 10 guilds and 2 societies of the patrician families dominated the political, economic and social life of the city-state of Schaffhausen. In 1454, under pressure from the Austrian nobility, Schaffhausen concluded a 25-year alliance with the Confederates , which was turned into an eternal one on August 19, 1501. The main reason for this admission to the Swiss Confederation was the previous active participation in the Swabian War .

reformation

After long vacillations and violent tumult, Schaffhausen joined the Reformation in 1529 and acquired a small area on the right bank of the Rhine , partly by ceding the properties of the monastery and other foundations, partly by buying it .

From the city-state of Schaffhausen to the canton of Schaffhausen

In 1798, French troops marched into Schaffhausen during the second Napoleonic coalition war . On April 12, 1798, the Helvetic Republic was established as a daughter republic of France on the soil of the Old Confederation through French revolutionary exports . This meant the fall of the city-state of Schaffhausen and the beginning of the canton of Schaffhausen. In the same year French troops fought against Austria and Russia . The town of Stein am Rhein and the municipality of Ramsen and Hemishofen were allocated to the young canton of Schaffhausen under the French occupation. So far they have belonged to Zurich . This was the only territorial expansion of the canton of Schaffhausen. The earlier expansion of the area was carried out by the city-state of Schaffhausen. In addition, Dörflingen was swapped with Zurich for Ellikon am Rhein . In the same year, the Diessenhofen district was also awarded to the canton of Schaffhausen. As early as 1800, however, the Diessenhofen district definitely moved to the Thurgau canton . In 1799 the Austrians forced the French to retreat south through several skirmishes near Schaffhausen, the latter of which burned the famous 364 foot long wooden bridge over the Rhine. The French then recaptured the canton in 1800, and Napoleon's mediation act gave the canton of Schaffhausen a representative constitution, which was modified in an aristocratic sense in 1814 , but in 1830 and 1831 by a revolt in the rural parts of the canton in a liberal-democratic sense.

Constitutional revisions

In 1835, a constitutional revision almost completely eliminated the city's electoral privilege , and in 1852 representation based on headcount was introduced. In 1857 Schaffhausen received the first railway connection .

The Basic Law of 1876

With the new Basic Law, adopted on May 14, 1876, which established veto and initiative at the request of 1,000 citizens and the election of the government by the people, Schaffhausen has joined the purely democratic cantons of Switzerland. In 1971 women’s right to vote and suffrage was introduced.

Bombing raids

During the Second World War, the city of Schaffhausen was the target of US bombing raids by several bomber squadrons on April 1, 1944; 40 people lost their lives in the process. Other areas of the canton of Schaffhausen were later also victims of American bombings: on December 25, 1944, Thayngen (1 dead), on February 22, 1945 Stein am Rhein (9 dead), Neuhausen am Rheinfall and Beringen, and on February 28, 1945 and 27. April 1945 Altdorf . It could not be clarified whether this bombing took place in error or was planned.

See also

literature

  • Walter Elsener, Manfred Weigele: The canton of Schaffhausen in old views: prints from 1544 to 1900 . Huber, Frauenfeld 2005, ISBN 3-7193-1407-3 .
  • Jubilee Schaffhausen 500: Schaffhausen Chronicle, Canton, Municipalities, City, Sport, Culture, Economy . In: Urs Bächtold (Ed.): Schaffhauser Mappe . tape 70 . Meier, Schaffhausen 2002.
  • Martin Harzenmoser: Small Schaffhauser Chronicle . 2nd, revised edition. Didactic Center of the Canton of Schaffhausen, Schaffhausen 2001, ISBN 3-905571-10-2 .
  • Karl Mommsen: Schaffhausen under Austrian pledge . In: Wilhelm Rausch (ed.): City and city lord in the 14th century . Linz 1972, p. 361-377 .
  • Schaffhausen canton history of the 19th and 20th centuries . Historical Association of the Canton of Schaffhausen, Schaffhausen 2001, ISBN 3-85801-153-3 .
  • Franco Battel: The bombing: Schaffhausen 1944: memories, pictures, documents . Verlag am Platz, Schaffhausen 1994, ISBN 3-908609-05-4 .
  • Arthur Dürst : The topographical survey of the canton of Schaffhausen 1843–1848 . In: Cartographica Helvetica . tape 4 , 1991, pp. 3–16 ( e-periodica.ch ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl Mommsen: Schaffhausen under Austrian pledge , pp. 363–375.
  2. ^ F. Schaffer: Outline of Swiss History , 1971
  3. Schaffhauser Magazin 02/1987: The limits , Steiner + Grüninger AG publishing house, Schaffhausen
  4. Markus Höneisen, Oliver Landolt, Roland E. Hofer, Eduard Joos, Markus Späth-Walter: Schaffhausen (Canton). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  5. Simon Netzle: Diessenhofen. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  6. Bombs on Schaffhausen - Swiss Film Weekly Show April 7, 1944 ( Memento of the original from June 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ideesuisse.ch
  7. ^ Franco Battel: The Bombardment Schaffhausen 1944 memories, pictures, documents . Verlag am Platz, Schaffhausen 1994, ISBN 3-908609-05-4 .