Canton of Zug

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Canton of Zug
coat of arms
coat of arms
Canton of the Swiss Confederation
Abbreviation / license plate : ZG
Official language : German
Main town : train
Accession to the federal government : 1352
Area : 238.73  km²
Height range : 386–1579 m above sea level M.
Website: www.zg.ch
population
Residents: 126,837 (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 531 inhabitants per km²
Proportion of foreigners :
(residents without citizenship ) 		27.0% (December 31, 2015)
Unemployment rate : 2.6% (December 31, 2015)
Location of the canton in Switzerland
Location of the canton in Switzerland
Map of the canton
Map of the canton
Municipalities of the canton
Municipalities of the canton

Coordinates: 47 ° 10 '  N , 8 ° 33'  E ; CH1903:  684,113  /  two hundred and twenty-four thousand three hundred fifty-four

Zug ( abbreviation ZG ; in Swiss-German local dialect Zùùg [tsʊːg] , French Zoug , Italian Zugo , Rhaeto-Romanic Zug ? / I , Middle Latin Tugium ) is a canton in German-speaking Switzerland and is part of the greater Central Switzerland region and the metropolitan region of Zurich . The main town and at the same time the largest town is the city train , which at the Lake Zug is located. Audio file / audio sample

With an area of ​​239 square kilometers, the canton is the smallest canton that - in contrast to the cantons formerly known as half -cantons - has two seats in the Council of States . It is divided into eleven municipalities and, with around 500 inhabitants per square kilometer, has a high population density - by Swiss standards .

The canton of Zug is considered to be the wealthiest canton in Switzerland .

geography

Zug lies between the cantons of Zurich , Schwyz , Lucerne and Aargau in the transition area between the Prealps and the Central Plateau . The higher mountains on the Schwyz border, such as Rossberg ( 1582  m above sea level ), Chaiserstock ( 1426  m above sea level ), Morgartenberg ( 1244  m above sea level ) and Höhrohnen ( 1229  m above sea level ), are replaced by foothills towards the northwest. The foothills include the Zugerberg ( 991  m above sea level ) and Gubel ( 909  m above sea level ).

Land use

The canton of Zug has an area of ​​around 239 square kilometers. Of this, around 110 square kilometers are meadow and arable land, around 61 square kilometers are forest, around 33 square kilometers are water, around 27 square kilometers are built-up areas and around nine square kilometers are pastures and wastelands.

In some areas of the canton of Zug, housing estates emerged outside of connected built-up areas, such as between Cham , Steinhausen and Lorzen , a district of Zug to the west of the city. The two villages of Oberägeri and Unterägeri have also almost grown together due to the urban sprawl along the Ägerisee .

rivers and lakes

The main river of the canton is the Lorze , which rises from the pre-alpine Ägerisee in the canton of Zug and flows into the Zugersee between Zug and Cham . From there it flows on into the Reuss , which, like the Sihl on the northeast border , only touches the canton.

Lake Zug in the canton of Zug in Switzerland.

Flora and fauna

flora

In 1845 there were only 2,400 hectares of forest. Intensive reforestation increased the forest to an area of ​​6,000 hectares by 1950. This corresponds to around 30 percent of the area of ​​the canton of Zug (excluding the lake). For 56 years, the forest has increased slightly every year. Less wood is used than grows back. As a result, the trees get older and the age of the forests increases.

Most of the forest is in the foothills of the Alps (around 80 percent). The Mittelland, on the other hand, has many smaller forests such as the Baarburg or the Steinhauser Wald . 6 percent of the forest belongs to the canton, 30 percent to private owners and 64 percent to various collaborations.

Forest damage in the canton of Zug has been increasing every year (for around 40 years). The causes are fungal diseases, silver fir dying, storm damage and insect damage, especially by the bark beetle .

fauna

The common red deer

Many different species live in the canton of Zug . The deer are particularly numerous . Red deer and brown hare are also common in the canton . Also chamois are found sporadically in the hillier regions.

There are also many rodents such as squirrels , mice , rats and sometimes beavers . Because of the large number of rodents and is Buzzard throughout the canton widespread. There are also swans , ducks , pigeons and seagulls in Lake Zug and Lake Aegeri . The capercaillie is endangered , which is why a conservation project is underway.

The fox is still widespread, although there has been practically no rabies disease due to vaccinations in recent years . The fox is also appearing more and more in the cities to look for food there.

The common buzzard

The badger has become increasingly common in recent years. He too is becoming less and less shy of people and visiting cities more and more often.

There are currently 32 species of fish in the lakes of the canton of Zug. In addition to the Bach , the rainbow and lake trout , the pike , the perch and the eel are the following species: Alet , grayling , barbel , bitterling , glances , Brachsmen , minnow , whitefish , bullhead , gudgeon , hazel , carp , ruffe , Arbor , nose , roach , rudd , tench , loach , tailor , arctic char , sunfish , steinbeisser , stickleback , truffle and pikeperch . There is also a round-mouthed species, the brook lamprey , and three types of cancer: the stone crab , the noble crab and the Gallic crab .

population

As of December 31, 2018, the population of the canton of Zug was 126,837. The population density of 531 inhabitants per square kilometer is above the Swiss average (207 inhabitants per square kilometer). The proportion of foreigners (registered residents without Swiss citizenship ) was 27.0 percent on December 31, 2015, while 24.6 percent were registered nationwide. As of December 31, 2015, the unemployment rate was 2.6 percent compared to 3.7 percent at the federal level.

Population according to the ten most frequently represented nationalities
nationality 2008 2018
SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland 77.09% 71.69%
GermanyGermany Germany 5.01% 5.38%
ItalyItaly Italy 2.39% 2.64%
United KingdomUnited Kingdom United Kingdom 1.07% 1.87%
PortugalPortugal Portugal 1.36% 1.66%
KosovoKosovo Kosovo nn 1.02%
SpainSpain Spain 0.46% 0.93%
SerbiaSerbia Serbia nn 0.87%
FranceFrance France 0.43% 0.84%
TurkeyTurkey Turkey 1.09% 0.80%

language

The official language of the canton is German . The colloquial language in the canton of Zug is Swiss German .

There is no actual «Zugerdeutsch», as the canton is cut by several basic dialect boundaries:

  • Ägeri and Walchwil go towards Schwyz: schnye , snowing ' Süü , sows' üüs 'us', appe , down, down ', hair , hair', grouss , big ', täüf , deep';
  • Steinhausen, Baar, Menzingen Neuheim and go with snowing , snowing ' Söi , sows' ÖIS ' us', grooss , big 'towards Plateau; with taif 'deep', hair 'hair' in Neuheim and Menzingen on the one hand and with töif, Hoor in Steinhausen and Baar on the other hand, these places also join more southern and western dialect areas;
  • Cham, Hünenberg and Risch go more clearly in the direction of Aargau and Lucerne, one not only says there (as in Steinhausen and Baar) normal-Mediterranean snow, Söi, öis, grooss, töif, Hoor , but also specifically Lucerne and sometimes free official chromm 'crooked' ', loft , air' Löffu , spoon ';
  • the city of Zug lies in the center of these three dialect areas and has something of them all, typical for this is the phrase es schnyt uf d Hoor , that is, with schnye as in Southeast Zug and Hoor as in West Zug.

religion

The canton of Zug is traditionally Catholic. 50 percent of the total population belong to the Roman Catholic Church and are therefore assigned to the diocese of Basel . In addition, 14 percent belong to the Reformed Church and thus to the Evangelical Reformed parish of the canton of Zug (as of the end of 2017). Many other religions and denominations are also represented in the canton .

Since the 2000 census, there are no more precise numbers of members of other religious communities in the canton of Zug. However, the Federal Statistical Office (FSO) carries out sample surveys that also include other religious communities in the canton. In the 2017 sample survey, around a third of those surveyed aged 15 and over in the canton of Zug stated that they did not belong to either of the two regional churches . There are also major differences in religious affiliation among the various population groups (depending on the nationality or origin of the respondents):

Zug population aged 15 and over by religion and nationality / origin, 2017
(figures in percent, rounded)
religion Total of
all
respondents		 Swiss
State
ality
 Swiss people
without a migration
background		 Swiss
with a migration
background		 Foreign
heads of state
ality
Christianity 70 78 81 59 49
- Roman Catholic Church 50 57 62 36 32
- Evangelical Reformed Church 14th 17th 17th 12 06th
- other Christian churches 06th 04th 02 11 11
Islam 04th 02 00 11 11
other religions 02 01 01 04th 03
non-denominational 23 18th 17th 24 36
no information 01 01 01 02 01

Politics and Constitutional Law

In its federal history, Zug has always been part of the so-called Five Inner Places, i.e. Central Switzerland - in the turmoil of the Reformation, in the brief resistance to Napoleon's troops in 1798, in the Sonderbund War of 1847. The mental bond with Central Switzerland is evident in its politics. The two Federal Councilors from Zug, Philipp Etter (in the Federal Council 1934–1959) and Hans Hürlimann (1973–1982) belonged to the Catholic Conservative Party and the CVP, respectively. Even today, the CVP is the largest party in the Cantonal Council - as is almost everywhere in Central Switzerland. However, their voter potential is also crumbling in the canton of Zug. Cooperation in central Switzerland is also under pressure.

Cantonal constitution

The constitution of the canton of Zug dates from January 31, 1894 and has since been subjected to numerous partial revisions.

Direct democratic people's rights

The people are directly involved in legislation within the framework of direct democracy . Changes to the cantonal constitution are subject to a referendum ( mandatory referendum ). Laws and generally binding resolutions of the Cantonal Council as well as resolutions that result in a new one-off expenditure of more than 500,000 francs or a new recurring expenditure of more than 50,000 francs per year are subject to a referendum if a corresponding request signed by 1,500 voters is submitted will ( optional referendum ). 2000 people entitled to vote can submit a request for the enactment, repeal or amendment of a law or a decision of the Cantonal Council ( legislative initiative ). The referendum can also be decided by a third of the members of the Cantonal Council immediately after the final vote (referendum to authorities ).

legislative branch

Legislative authority is in the communities after the double-proportional allocation method chosen Kantonsrat with 80 members. These are elected every four years by the population of Zug at the same time as the government council.

Elections to the Cantonal Council of Zug on October 7, 2018
Political party 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 Distribution of seats in 2018 Share of voters in percent
Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP) 26th 26th 23 23 22nd 21st
11
9
4th
21st
17th
18th
11 9 4th 21st 17th 18th 
A total of 80 seats
Elections to the Cantonal Council on October 7, 2018
Turnout: 41.38%
 %
30th
20th
10
0
25.58
22.35
20.93
13.32
11.85
5.32
0.64
ALG
Otherwise.
Gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
-1.20
-1.28
-1.22
+0.54
+2.60
+0.35
+0.21
ALG
Otherwise.
Swiss People's Party (SVP) 09 18th 17th 19th 19th 18th
Free Democratic Party (FDP) 27 20th 20th 20th 18th 17th
Alternative - the Green Train (ALG) 10 07th 12 08th 10 11
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (SP) 08th 09 08th 08th 07th 09
Green Liberal Party (glp) 0- 0- 0- 02 04th 04th

executive

The executing authority is the seven-member government council elected in the majority procedure (until 2013 in the proportional procedure ), which is elected every four years at the same time as the cantonal council. From the middle of the Governing Council of the Cantonal Council elects the Landammann as district president and the governor as vice president for a term of two years.

Members of the government council after the last election on October 7, 2018 (term of office 2019-2022)
Government Council Political party Directorate
Andreas Hostettler FDP Interior Directorate
Martin Pfister CVP Health Directorate
Stephan Schleiss , Landammann SVP Directorate for Education and Culture
Heinz Tännler SVP Finance Directorate
Silvia Thalmann-Gut CVP Department of Economics
Beat Villiger CVP Security Directorate
Florian Weber FDP Building Director

Judiciary

The Court Organization Act (GOG), which specifies the constitutional provisions on the courts, is dated August 26, 2010 (with later changes).

The highest cantonal courts are the higher court and the administrative court .

Courts of first instance are the cantonal court for civil justice and the criminal court for criminal justice . The latter acts at the same time as a juvenile court and, with one occupation, as a compulsory measures court.

Arbitration authorities are the justices of the peace, which exist in every municipality, as well as the special arbitration authorities for labor law and for tenancy and lease law.

All judges are elected by the people for six years each.

Communities

The cantonal constitution recognizes four types of communes:

  • the municipalities that include all residents,
  • the civil parishes to which all those entitled to a home in this parish belong,
  • the parishes of the Roman Catholic and Evangelical Reformed Church,
  • the corporation congregations , which are formed from the participants in corporation goods.

Representative in the Federal Assembly

The Canton of Zug sends three representatives to the National Council :

Its two representatives in the Council of States are:

E-government

On the e-government portal iZug , the canton of Zug provides online forms that save citizens having to go to the authorities. The community forms include a. the preparation of purchase contracts, new entrants to kindergarten or school and applications for permits for longer opening times. The application of a fishing license or the settlement of withholding tax are part of the cantonal forms.

economy

Today, the small canton of Zug is sought-after living space , an attractive living space and a successful economic area . Legislation in the 1920s laid the foundation for this. Like the pioneering canton of Glarus  , Zug lowered the fees for holding and domiciliary companies . The tax law revision after the Second World War benefited companies in particular.

The "Zug-West economic region" is located in the western part of the canton of Zug.

From poor house to richest canton

The canton's business-friendly tax policy had an impact. From a poor house, Zug rose to become the richest canton in Switzerland by 1990. In the 1960s it still had the highest per capita debt, and the average income was below the Swiss average. Today, Zug pays the most to the inter-cantonal financial equalization scheme ( NFA) with almost CHF 300 million a year and CHF 2,042 per capita . The tax burden is only around half of the Swiss average, and the national income per capita is among the highest in Switzerland. In 2011, the gross domestic product per capita in the canton of Zug was 125,138 francs.

At the end of 2010, the canton of Zug had almost 30,000 companies, of which around 17,000 were joint stock companies . Not quite three quarters of the approximately 83,000 jobs were in the third sector (agriculture: 2.2 percent; industry: 24.8 percent; trade and services: 73 percent). Around 37,000 people come to work in Zug every day, 12,000 of them from the canton of Lucerne alone .

Largest private employer

The food company Nestlé has one of its headquarters in the canton of Zug. The municipality of Zug is the headquarters of V-Zug AG . This develops, produces and sells appliances for the kitchen and laundry room. Siemens in the city of Zug is an important employer with around 2,250 employees. Roche Diagnostics has a development center for laboratory equipment here.

Rotkreuz ( municipality of Risch ) is an important pharmaceutical location due to the headquarters of companies such as Roche Diagnostics ( Hoffmann-La Roche ), Novartis Pharma, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals , Alcon and Novartis Consumer Health.

The canton of Zug has been a hub for international raw materials trading since the 1950s; Companies such as Glencore Xstrata , Shell and BP are among the approximately 100 raw materials companies in Zug . This helped shape canton politics; City Councilor Walther Hegglin coined the saying: "What is good for Marc Rich is also good for Zug." In the 1970s, Landis & Gyr employed around 6,500 people, which corresponds to around every fourth job in the canton.

Dynamic growth

The Zug economic area is still growing. In 2010 over 500 companies entered the commercial register . Zug is one of the world's most important trading centers for raw materials such as crude oil and for agricultural goods such as coffee . Numerous companies and national and global corporate headquarters relocated to Zug. According to a study by Arthur D. Little (Schweiz) AG from 2009, a globally networked company for management consulting, "the Canton of Zug [...] is the most preferred location in Switzerland for headquarters". That makes the canton attractive and wealthy. The low taxes for companies and individuals are also criticized. But “Zug [remains] the Swiss 'tax haven' par excellence” - and unbeatable, wrote NZZ Online on February 17, 2011.

Taxes

Many domicile companies and holdings are based in the canton of Zug, as corporate taxation is very low by international standards. But many companies that are subject to ordinary taxation are also based in the canton of Zug. The role as a tax haven is viewed critically internationally and also in Switzerland itself.

According to the provisions of the cantonal tax administration, domiciliary companies are “ companies that only carry out administrative activities in Switzerland, but not any business activity”. You are not allowed to employ your own staff or maintain offices in Switzerland. Under the old tax law (before 2001), the profits of domiciliary companies were not taxed at all and the capital was only taxed to a reduced extent. With the new tax law, effective from January 1, 2001, profits are taxed at 4 percent on the first 100,000 Swiss francs and at 7 percent for profits in excess of 100,000 Swiss francs. The capital tax is 0.075 per mille of the taxable equity, but at least 150 Swiss francs multiplied by the applicable tax rate (see Section 75 (1) StG). A special feature of domicile companies is that income generated abroad, for example dividends from foreign companies or fee income, is tax-free. Income from participations is tax-free for all types of taxation. One often sees the fifty-fifty rule in domicile companies . However, this was abolished on July 1, 2005. For existing companies (founded before July 1, 2005) there was a transition period until 2009. Until then, this rule was still accepted.

traffic

The Zugerland Verkehrsbetriebe (ZVB) operates a network of regular buses that stretches across the entire canton. PostBus Schweiz AG (PA) also operates several bus routes in the canton of Zug.

The main railway axes Zurich - Arth-Goldau - Bellinzona - Milan and Zurich - Lucerne run through Zug station . In addition, the main north-south axis Basel –Arth-Goldau – Bellinzona – Milan runs through the Rotkreuz station . The Zug urban railway has been running on the tracks of the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) since 2004 , but under the direction of the Zug Office for Public Transport . With a total of 15 stops in the canton, served every 15 minutes, an unusually dense rail network has been created that works in a similar way to a tram.

The only mountain railway in the canton of Zug is the Zugerbergbahn (ZBB) funicular , which leads from Zug to the Zugerberg.

The transport companies ZVB, SBB, ZBB and PA are part of the Zug tariff association .

On both the Zugersee and the Ägerisee a shipping company operates scheduled trips from April to October.

The canton of Zug has no aviation infrastructure. The closest airfield is the airfield in Hausen am Albis . The closest national airport is Zurich Airport .

In 2019, the degree of motorization (passenger cars per 1000 inhabitants) was 681.

tourism

Museums

There are several museums in the canton of Zug, the most important of which are the Museum in the Castle , the Museum of Prehistory and the Kunsthaus Zug. The local museum in Buonas gives an insight into the history of the municipality of Risch .

Palaces, castles and ruins

  • In the city ​​of Zug , on the eastern edge of the old town, lies Zug Castle , which is now a museum.
  • In Buonas is located Old Castle Buonas the rule Buonas , which is a successor building of the castle Buonas and meanwhile Schloss Hertenstein was called. Until 1970 there was also the New Buonas Castle in Buonas, but it was demolished.
  • Freudenberg Castle , a manor house built in the early 1930s, is located in the municipality of Risch .
  • In Cham , the St. Andreas Castle is located directly on the lake, but it is not open to the public.
  • The ruins of Wildenburg are located in the municipality of Baar in the Lorzental between Unterägeri and Zug .
  • In the municipality of Hünenberg the ruins located Hünenberg Castle .

Monuments

At the Ägerisee near Morgarten there is the Morgarten monument, which commemorates the Battle of Morgarten on November 15, 1315.

Cherries

The culture of Zug cherries (Swiss German: Zuger Chriesi) is around 600 years old and has a significant impact on the identity of the Zug region through cherry cultivation as well as a variety of customs and cherry products, such as Zuger Kirschtorte or Zuger Kirsch as a fruit brandy .

Administrative division

Municipalities

Municipalities of the canton of Zug

The cities in the canton of Zug are Zug , Baar and Cham .

All eleven municipalities as of December 31, 2018 are listed below :

Community of residents Residents
train 30,542
Baar 24,468
Cham 16,723
Risch 10,862
Steinhausen 10,026
Hünenberg 08808
Unterägeri 08868
Oberägeri 06081
Menzingen 04539
Walchwil 03663
Neuheim 02257

In 2012, the municipality of Risch exceeded the 10,000-inhabitant limit.

  • Ägeri lake

  • Zugerland

  • Rotkreuz, Cham, Albiskette

Districts

The canton of Zug has no division into districts. However, the Federal Statistical Office (FSO) lists the entire canton as one district under FSO no. : 0900.

history

prehistory

Various archaeological excavations, especially on Lake Zug, have proven settlement as early as the Neolithic. There were large Pfyn-Zeitliche settlements in Oberrisch, for example . The Iron Age is also well documented, and large Alemannic burial grounds were discovered and excavated in Baar .

The oldest human traces go back to around 14,000 BC. BC back. There are Old Stone Age finds on the north shore of Lake Zug ; they come from nomadic hunters and gatherers. From the era of the first settled farmers, the Neolithic Age (5500–2200 BC), the archaeologists on Lake Zug were able to identify over forty lakeside settlements (“ pile dwellings ”). The focus of these riverside villages lies in the period between 3800 and 2450 BC. The first pre-alpine land uses in Menzingen and in the Ägerital are documented for the same epoch. The interesting riverside village in the "swamp", known for research history, dates from the late Bronze Age (up to 850 BC). The rich finds give a very differentiated picture of life at that time. This is clearly shown in the Museum of Prehistory . Many traces have also been brought to light from the Iron Age (850–50 BC) and from the Roman or Celto-Roman times (from 50 BC).

Kyburg foundation

Around AD 600, Alemannic families and clans immigrated to what is now the Canton of Zug. The name Blickensdorf and place names with -ikon are evidence of the first Alemannic settlement area. The churches of Baar and Risch also lead back to the early Middle Ages.

The first written source comes from the year 858. King Ludwig the German donated the Chama (Cham) court to the Fraumünster monastery in Zurich. Today's Zug area belonged to very different monastic and secular landlords. The most important were the Habsburgs . They inherited the Kyburgian rights in 1264 and remained a central political power until around 1400.

In the course of the high medieval town planning, the Zug settlement was also given a city wall after 1200. City founders are probably the Counts of County Kyburg . In 1242 Zug is first known as an oppidum , i.e. H. referred to as a city . Research shows it: Zug was important as the administrative center of the Kyburg and later the Habsburg offices of Zug, as a local marketplace and as a stopover point for the transport of goods via the Hirzel to Lucerne (especially of salt and iron).

Train in the old Swiss Confederation

The alliance of the four forest sites Uri , Schwyz , Unterwalden and Lucerne with the city of Zurich in 1351 set a lot in motion. The city of Zug was perceived as a Habsburg lock between the cities of Zurich and Lucerne and therefore had to be conquered. It was probably more about economic than political reasons: the Lucerne market, which is important for the whole of central Switzerland, was heavily dependent on Zurich. At the initiative of Zurich, a federal army besieged the city in early June 1352 . The Habsburg town of Zug was conquered by the Confederates in 1352 and forced to join the alliance. On June 27, 1352, Zurich, Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden concluded an alliance with Zug. From the Zurich perspective, the “Zugerbund” was an alliance of convenience. Little changed for the city and the Zug office. Zug remained Habsburg. In the same year, the "Zugerbund" was tacitly recognized as invalid by all those involved. Then followed a period under Schwyz rule. Zug only gradually became sovereign and federal. The Zug stand was thus a member of the eight-member Confederation and subsequently took part in various warlike actions of the alliance.

At the same time, the city of Zug expanded its domain. It acquired a number of rural bailiwicks as subject areas (Walchwil, Cham, Gangolfswil [Risch], Hünenberg and Steinhausen, plus Oberrüti, which is now part of the canton of Aargau ). Zug became a small confederation - with the «city» and its subject areas as well as the three «outer (« free ») communities» Ägeri, Menzingen (with Neuheim) and Baar. This problematic dualism shaped the political structure of the Zug estate until 1798, i.e. until the end of the Old Confederation. The connecting bracket of this miniature state federation was u. a. the Landsgemeinde as well as the forty-member city-and-office council.

In 1478 work began on building a larger city wall, which increased the size of Zug sixfold - in the same year as the late Gothic St. Oswald's Church. The builder of the new curtain wall was Hans Felder from Bavarian Swabia. The floor plan of the city fortifications indicates a symmetrical ideal plan from the Renaissance - something very rare. The small town of Zug implemented a modern overall plan.

During the turmoil of the Reformation, Zug stayed with the old faith and took the side of the Catholic towns in central Switzerland, including in the Kappel Wars of 1529 and 1531 . At Kappel am Albis (1531) and at Gubel near Menzingen there were fights between the religiously hostile Confederates. The location on the edge of central Switzerland made Zug a denominational border town. The whole time up to 1798 in Switzerland was marked by domestic political rivalries and turmoil.

Helvetic and 19th century

The invasion of the French revolutionary troops in 1798 brought the end of the old order and a radical political break with the Helvetic Republic. The formerly independent Landsgemeinde Zug was added to a completely newly formed canton of Waldstätte in the new Helvetian unitary state and became the canton's capital for a short time. The Swiss cantons were purely administrative districts without internal autonomy. The legal differences between the city, the “outer communities” and the subject areas were abolished. For the first time, attempts were made to grant all responsible men personal freedoms. The whole thing got stuck, however, because the population was still strongly attached to traditional ideas. As early as 1803 the federal state structure was restored and many other innovations were reversed.

After its restoration in 1803, the canton of Zug survived the Napoleonic era without any territorial changes. The restoration period followed . However, the democratization of state life progressed gradually and gradually. In the Sonderbund War of 1847, the last Swiss civil war, Zug and the other Catholic cantons fought against the federal state planned by the liberal cantons , but was defeated and had to give up some of its cantonal sovereignty to the federal government. After 50 years of struggle between federalism and centralism , between the confederation and the central state, between the conservative and the liberal-radical point of view, today's federal Switzerland emerged in 1848 . Zug received the current canton structure with eleven communities .

Industrialization and internationalization

Zug was an agricultural country well into the 19th century. The actual industrialization began with the entrepreneur Wolfgang Henggeler. In 1834 he set up a cotton mill in Unterägeri . The two factories of Neuägeri and Baar followed. In 1866 the American George Ham Page founded the first European condensed milk factory in Cham ; it later merged with Nestlé . The Zug industry was dominated by the Landis & Gyr company , founded in 1896 and today owned by the Japanese company Toshiba. The connection to the Swiss railway network in 1864 was important, as was the connection of mountain and valley with an electric tram at the beginning of the 20th century.

The economic upturn and with it the departure from the agricultural state system did not begin in the canton of Zug until the 20th century. In the second half of the 20th century, the dynamic expansion into a national and international financial and trading center took place, benefiting from its proximity to Zurich and an attractive tax policy. Large industrial and commercial zones were created in parallel. The number of jobs increased rapidly, the number of residents rose sharply, and the construction boom broke out almost explosively. The canton of Zug catapulted itself to the top of the financially strong cantons . As the British Guardian once wrote, the city ​​is now one of the “main points of the global economy”.

«Zugisierung»

The economists Reiner Eichenberger and David Stadelmann describe the displacement of the middle class from the centers into the agglomerations, especially by highly qualified, well-paid immigrants, as "inflation" .

“On the one hand, the wage increases cause additional immigration, which depresses wages again, but thus triggers a new cycle of growth. Overall, there is rapid parallel growth in the overall economy and the number of inhabitants, with a slightly increased per capita income.
[Second] the immobile factor of soil [plays a decisive role, as it] the canton of Zug [illustrates]. It is attractive in terms of taxation and performance for all employees. In the meantime, however, the land prices and rents there are so high that immigration is only worthwhile for those with very high incomes. The same mechanism is likely to shape ever larger areas of Switzerland, making it less attractive for less skilled workers.
This “pulling” of Switzerland is reinforced by politics. If the fiscal surplus is used to lower taxes, the attractiveness increases, especially for highly qualified people. In addition, the state receives incentives to gear its services more closely to the needs of the highly qualified. "

- Reiner Eichenberger and David Stadelmann, November 17, 2010

literature

  • Linus Birchler : The Art Monuments of the Canton of Zug, Volume I: Introduction and Zug-Land (=  Art Monuments of Switzerland. Volume 5). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 1934; Idem: Volume II: The City of Zug (=  Art Monuments of Switzerland. Volume 6). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 1935.
  • Directorate for Education and Culture of the Canton of Zug (Ed.): ZG - Ein Heimatbuch. Balmer, Zug 1999, ISBN 3-85548-052-4 .
  • Peter Hoppe: Zug (Canton). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  • Eugen Gruber: History of the Canton of Zug. Francke, Bern 1968.
  • Eugen Gruber: Basic questions of Zuger history. Dossenbach printing house, Baar 1952.
  • Eugen Gruber: Historical facts from the medieval records and documents from the city and country of Zug. Zürcher, Zug 1951.
  • Sibylle Omlin, Christian Raschle, Sonja Stauffer, Josef Wüest: Zug - city and canton. Balmer, Zug 2002, ISBN 3-85548-048-6 .
  • Fritz Schaffer: Outline of Swiss History . Huber, Frauenfeld 1972.

Web links

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Balance of the permanent resident population by canton, definitive annual results, 2018. Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 27, 2019, accessed on September 18, 2019 (definitive annual results).
  2. ↑ Structure of the permanent resident population by cantons. Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 26, 2016, accessed on May 31, 2017 .
  3. ^ The situation on the job market in December 2015. (PDF; 807 kB) State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), January 8, 2016, p. 9 , archived from the original on January 12, 2016 ; accessed on January 13, 2016 .
  4. ↑ The Expulsion from Paradise - How Zug is gradually getting lost in Zug . 3 sat . Retrieved August 20, 2013.
  5. ↑ Balance of the permanent resident population by canton, definitive annual results, 2018. Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 27, 2019, accessed on September 18, 2019 (definitive annual results).
  6. ↑ Structure of the permanent resident population by cantons. Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 26, 2016, accessed on May 31, 2017 .
  7. ^ The situation on the job market in December 2015. (PDF; 807 kB) State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), January 8, 2016, p. 9 , archived from the original on January 12, 2016 ; accessed on January 13, 2016 .
  8. ↑ https://www.zg.ch/behoerden/gesundheitsdirektion/statistikfachstelle/themen/01bevoelkerungszahlen/bevoelkerungsstand (accessed on: January 17, 2020).
  9. ↑ The following according to Rudolf Hotzenköcherle : On the linguistic position and structure of Central Switzerland. In: Ders .: The linguistic landscapes of German-speaking Switzerland (linguistic landscape 1). Edited by Niklaus Bigler and Robert Schläpfer. Sauerländer, Aarau / Frankfurt a. M. / Salzburg 1984, pp. 237-292, specific to Zug pp. 286-292; Peter Dalcher : Introduction, in: Hans Bosshard: Zuger Mundartbuch. Zurich 1962, pp. 15-17; Linguistic Atlas of German-speaking Switzerland , Volumes I – VIII, Bern (later Basel) 1962–1997. Cf. also Gabriela Bart: ‹Summersprosse› or ‹Merzefläcke›, ‹schneie› or ‹schniie›? The Zug dialect (s) - yesterday, today, tomorrow. In: Zuger Neujahrsblatt 2013, pp. 38–47; Helen Christen: «Die cheibe Zuger» or: Is there any Zugerdeutsch? In: Regula Schmidlin, Heike Behrens, Hans Bickel (eds.): Language use and language awareness. Implications for Language Theory. de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2015, pp. 133–154.
  10. ↑ SPI St. Gallen: Church membership in the Roman Catholic and Evangelical Reformed Church by cantons (2017) | Table 1.4. 2018, accessed November 3, 2019 .
  11. ↑ a b Since 2010, the data from the Federal Statistical Office on the religious communities in the canton of Zug have been based on a sample survey for which people aged 15 and over are interviewed. It should be noted that the results of the surveys show a confidence interval. (See also Census in Switzerland # Structure Survey .) Since the last census in 2000, there have been no figures on the religious affiliation of the total population (of all ages) in the canton of Zug. Exceptions are the Roman Catholic and Evangelical Reformed Churches, whose members are officially registered on the basis of church tax .
  12. ↑ Federal Statistical Office: Permanent resident population aged 15 and over by religious affiliation and canton - 2017 | Table. January 29, 2019, accessed November 3, 2019 .
  13. ^ Elections to the Cantonal Council. Canton of Zug, accessed on October 8, 2018 .
  14. ↑ Court Organization Act of August 26, 2010.
  15. ↑ iZug e-government portal. Retrieved May 22, 2014 .
  16. ↑ The Canton of Zug in Figures - 2014 edition. (PDF; 1.6 MB) (No longer available online.) Zuger Kantonalbank , formerly in the original ; Retrieved February 7, 2015 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.zg.ch  
  17. ↑ Novartis bundles business units in Rotkreuz , article in the Neue Luzerner Zeitung from June 14, 2013
  18. ↑ Commodity trading: Zug advocates stricter rules , Neue Zürcher Zeitung , November 22, 2013
  19. ↑ DVD: Lost World - From the inner workings of the former Landis & Gyr concern
  20. ↑ Website of the Zug Stadtbahn: http://www.stadtbahnzug.ch/
  21. ↑ bfs.admin.ch
  22. ↑ Ueli Kleeb, Caroline Lötscher (ed.): Chriesi: Cherry culture around Zugersee and Rigi. Edition Victor Hotz, Zug 2017.
  23. ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
  24. ↑ First mark of 10,000 inhabitants exceeded , media release 1/2013 by the municipality of Risch
  25. ↑ Habsburg again after 1352, only gradually becoming federal
  26. ↑ Stefan von Bergen: Population growth: When the country gets smaller and smaller - Who will save Switzerland from being concreted? No major party dares to answer this epoch-making question in the election campaign. Die Zeit , March 31, 2011
  27. ↑ Reiner Eichenberger, Davin Stadelmann: «Zugisation» of Switzerland - Will our country soon be a single Canton Zug? How immigration is changing Switzerland and what needs to be done - an economic balance sheet. FUW , November 17, 2010 (PDF on the web of the University of Friborg )