Cotton mill
Cotton spinning is the processing of cotton fibers into yarn and, in addition to the type of spinning, also describes the company that does this work. Cotton spinning has been industrialized since the late 18th century; the machines required were initially powered by water power (see Waterframe ) and, since the 19th century, by steam power. Today the cotton industry is concentrated in Asia. Some former spinning mills in Europe have been set up as museums.
Procedure
Cotton yarns are made from staple fibers . In contrast to most wool fibers (see worsted yarn ) and the longer natural fibers such as flax fibers , cotton fibers are relatively short and fine, which required their own processing.
preparation
The harvested seed coats are sorted, dried and pitted on egrenizing machines . The seed hairs obtained in this way, i.e. the raw cotton, are then pressed into bales for shipping . - Today these operations can be done by a cotton harvester in conjunction with a module builder .
After the transport, the loosening and further cleaning of the hair takes place on a bale opener and on the beater (see nose beater ), which at the same time delivers the loosened fibers in the form of wadding as a roll .
Spinning and fine spinning
By carding the winding in a fiber ribbon (is Flor ) transformed, in which, by stretching and plying the fibers are laid parallel, the tape itself is still refined and prepared for actual spinning. The latter is divided into rough and fine spinning. During pre-spinning, the tape is transformed into a thin thread by further stretching and simultaneous rotation, which is finally drawn out to the desired fineness during fine spinning and provided with a strong, permanent twist to increase the strength .
literature
- Cotton mill . In: Brockhaus' Kleines Konversations-Lexikon . 5th edition. Volume 1, F. A. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1911, p. 165 .
