1425
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1425
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Map with all linked pages: | 1425 | |
|---|---|
 emperor of China from the Ming Dynasty . |
 becomes Emperor of the Byzantine Empire . |
| 1425 in other calendars | |
| Armenian calendar | 873/874 (turn of the year July) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1417/18 |
| Aztec calendar | 10. Feuerstein - Matlactli Tecpatl (until the end of January / beginning of February: 9th pipes Chicuhnahui Acatl ) |
| Buddhist calendar | 1968/69 (southern Buddhism); 1967/68 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana ) |
| Chinese calendar | 68th (69th) cycle
Year of the wood snake乙巳 ( at the beginning of the year wood dragon 甲辰) |
| Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 787/788 (turn of the year April) |
| Iranian calendar | 803/804 |
| Islamic calendar | 828/829 (turn of the year 12/13 November) |
| Jewish calendar | 5185/86 (September 12-13) |
| Coptic calendar | 1141/42 |
| Malayalam calendar | 600/601 |
| Seleucid era | Babylon: 1735/36 (turn of the year April)
Syria: 1736/37 (turn of the year October) |
| Spanish era | 1463 |
| Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) | 1481/82 (turn of the year April) |
Events
Politics and world events
Byzantine Empire
- July 21 : After the death of Manuel II , his son John VIII Palaiologos becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire .
Europe
- October 18 : Peace negotiations between the Taborites and orphans in Woschitz
- December 3 : Czech Hussites destroy the village of Wartha in the district of Frankenstein (Silesia) and then pillage the Kamenz Monastery (Silesia) .
- The Hussites conquer Schrattenthal , Retz and Pulkau .
Empire of China
After the sudden death of his father Hongxi, Xuande becomes the fifth emperor of China from the Ming Dynasty . The first thing he does is break with his father's plan to move the capital back to Nanjing and instead bring the rest of the administration to Beijing . Immediately after taking office, however, the 26-year-old emperor is faced with a much more serious problem, the rebellion of his uncle Zhu Gaoshu, the prince of Han. On September 2nd, he declares war on the imperial court, raises an army and begins to deploy his own imperial officials.
After Grand Secretary Yang Jung assured him that both the administration and the army were united behind him, Emperor Xuande himself took command of the army on September 9 and went into battle alongside the experienced General Xu Lu against his uncle. September 22nd20,000 soldiers storm the city of Le'an and take the rebel prince prisoner. The uprising was quickly put down and Zhu Gaoshu and his entourage were taken to Beijing and executed. More than 600 unfaithful military and civilian officials share this fate, and another 2,200 officials are banished to the borders. Research reveals that two other uncles of the emperor are involved in the plot. Xuande spared them, however, but in return disempowered all Ming princes and condemned them to be completely dependent on the imperial Ming court.
science and technology
With the foundation bull Sapientiae immarcescibilis, Pope Martin V founds the University of Leuven on December 9th as the studium generale and first university in the Brabant-Dutch area and gives it the same rights, privileges and immunities as the universities of Cologne, Vienna and Leipzig own . The bull gives approval for the establishment of four faculties : an artist faculty, a civil law faculty, a canon law faculty, and a medical faculty.
Culture and society
- around 1425: The original form of the tarot card game emerges in the Po Valley . It is one of the oldest traditional card games in the world.
religion
- January 19 : Johann Tiergart OT is provided as Bishop of Courland .
- November 12th : Bernard Garnier is appointed Benedict XIV. Antipope to antipope Clement VIII. And to Pope Martin V , whom almost all countries have recognized.
Born
Date of birth saved
- January 5 : Henry IV , King of Castile and León († 1474 )
- February 2 : Eleanor , Queen of Navarre († 1479 )
- February 8 : Cristoforo Landino , Florentine humanist, poet, literary theorist, philosopher and translator († 1498 )
- March 21 : Henry de Beauchamp , English nobleman, 1st Duke of Warwick († 1446 )
- April 30th : Wilhelm III. , German Duke of Saxony († 1482 )
- June 28 : Adolf von Kleve , general governor of the Burgundian Netherlands from 1475 († 1492 )
- August 1 : Friedrich I , Elector Palatinate († 1476 )
- September 21 : Matthäus Hummel , German founding rector of the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg († 1477 )
- October 14 : Alesso Baldovinetti , Italian painter († 1499 )
- November 18 : Kunigunde von Sternberg , wife of the later Bohemian King Georg von Podebrady († 1449 )
Exact date of birth unknown
- Basinio Basini , Italian epic poet and poet († 1457 )
- Elisabeth of Brandenburg , Princess of Brandenburg, Duchess of Pomerania († 1465 )
- Antoine Champion , Bishop of Mondovì and Geneva († 1495 )
- Juana Enríquez , Castilian noblewoman, Queen of the Kingdoms of the Crown of Aragon († 1468 )
- Johan van den Mynnesten , German-Dutch painter and engraver († 1504 )
- Johannes Nauclerus , German scholar, lawyer, theologian and historian († 1510 )
- Werner Rolevinck , German Carthusian monk († 1502 )
- Tito Vespasiano Strozzi , Italian humanist († 1505 )
- Johann von Wesel , German theologian († 1481 )
- John II , Duke of Calabria, Lorraine and Girona († 1470 )
Born around 1425
- Sibet Attena , East Frisian chief of Esens, Stedesdorf and Wittmund († 1473 )
- William Douglas , Scottish nobleman, 8th Earl of Douglas, 2nd Earl of Avondale († 1451 )
- Richard Fowler , English Chancellor of the Exchequer († 1477 )
- John Howard , English nobleman, 1st Duke of Norfolk († 1485 )
- Olivier de la Marche , Burgundian writer and general mint master of Geldern († 1502 )
- Jaroslav Lev von Rosental , Bohemian nobleman († 1480 )
- Peter Schöffer , German bookseller and publisher († 1503 )
- Wilhelm II , Duke of Braunschweig and Lüneburg († 1503 )
Olivier de la Marche
Peter Schöffer, memorial in Gernsheim, 1836
Eric II of Pomerania
Died
January to July
- January 6th : Johann III. No grace , Prince Elect of Lüttich, Duke of Straubing-Holland (* 1374 )
- January 18 : Edmund Mortimer , English nobleman, 5th Earl of March (* 1391 )
- January 26 : Catherine of Burgundy , duchess in the Habsburg foothills (* 1378 )
- February 17th : Johannes von Drändorf , German preacher, follower of Utraquism, martyr (* around 1390 )
- February 28 : Vasily I , Grand Duke of Vladimir and Moscow (* 1371 )
- March 17th : Ashikaga Yoshikazu , 5th Shogun of the Ashikaga Shogunate (* 1407 )
- March 30th : Wilhelm II. The Rich , Margrave of Meissen (* 1371 )
- May 21 : Parisina Malatesta , wife of Margrave Niccolò III. d'Este, Lord of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio nell'Emilia (* 1404 )
- May 24 : Murdoch Stewart , Scottish nobleman, 2nd Duke of Albany (* 1362 )
- May 29 : Hongxi , fourth Chinese emperor of the Ming dynasty (* 1378 )
- July 21 : Manuel II , Emperor of Byzantium (* 1350 )
Johann III. Without mercy
Seal of Catherine of Burgundy
Emperor Manuel II
August to December
- September 8 : Charles III. the noble , king of Navarre (* 1361 )
- September 17th : Bonne d'Artois , French noblewoman (* around 1396 )
- September 17th : Vincent von Wartenberg , Bohemian nobleman, Oberstburggraf von Bohemia
- October 18th : Jan Hvězda z Vícemilic , Czech military leader
- October 21 : Ralph Neville , English nobleman, 1st Earl of Westmorland (* 1364 )
- October 23 : Jordan Pleskow , Mayor of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck (* after 1357 )
- November 24th : Elizabeth of Lancaster , English noblewoman from the House of Lancaster (* around 1364 )
- after November 24th : Bohuslav von Schwanberg , Bohemian nobleman, politician and military leader
- November 29 : Alfonso de Aragón y Eiximenis , Spanish nobleman, 2nd Duke of Gandía (* after 1358 )
- December 25 : Nikolaus Seyringer , Benedictine and mystic, rector of the University of Vienna (* around 1360 )
Exact date of death unknown
- Apel Vitzthum the Elder , German knight
- Jean de Béthencourt , Norman nobleman, conqueror of the Canary Islands for Castile (* 1362 )
- Takatsukasa Fuyuie , Japanese nobleman (* 1357 )
- Künga Trashi , clergyman of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, Dharma king (* 1349 )
- Johann von Venningen , German Imperial Knight
Born around 1425
- Lluís Borrassà , Catalan painter (* around 1375 )
