Frankenstein district

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Frankenstein district
coat of arms
Coat of arms district Frankenstein.png
Prussian Province Silesia (1818–1919, 1938–1941)
Lower Silesia (1919–1938, 1941–1945)
Administrative district Wroclaw
County seat Frankenstein
Last district administrator Otto Ulrich Bährens (1944–1945)
surface 774.27 km² (1939)
Residents 75,392 (1939)
Population density 97 inhabitants / km² (1939)
Communities 103 (1939)
Silesia Kr Frankenstein - Münsterberg.png
The Frankenstein district within the boundaries from 1818 to 1932

The district of Frankenstein (last officially the district of Frankenstein i. Schles. ) Was a Prussian district in Silesia , which existed from 1742 to 1945. Its county seat was the city of Frankenstein . The former district area is now in the powiat Ząbkowicki of the Polish Lower Silesian Voivodeship .

Administrative history

Kingdom of Prussia

After the conquest of most of Silesia by Prussia in 1741, the royal cabinet order of November 25, 1741 introduced the Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their subdivision into districts and the appointment of district administrators on January 1, 1742.

In the Principality of Münsterberg , one of the Silesian sub-principalities, the Prussian districts of Frankenstein and Münsterberg were formed from the old Silesian soft images Frankenstein and Münsterberg . Julius Friedrich von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth was appointed as the first district administrator in the Frankenstein district. The Frankenstein district was under the Wroclaw War and Domain Chamber until it was assigned to the Reichenbach administrative district of the province of Silesia in the course of the Stein-Hardenberg reforms in 1815 .

In the course of a border adjustment to the administrative district of Opole , the village of Gallenau from the Grottkau district and the villages of Nieder and Ober Plottnitz from the Neisse district to the Frankenstein district changed until 1818 . After the dissolution of the Reichenbach administrative district, the Frankenstein district was assigned to the Breslau administrative district on May 1, 1820 .

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation as part of the Kingdom of Prussia and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . On July 21, 1875, the rural community and the Kobelau manor district came from the Nimptsch district to the Frankenstein district.

Free State of Prussia

On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved and the new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz . On September 30, 1929, all manor districts in the Frankenstein district were dissolved in accordance with the development in the rest of the Free State of Prussia and assigned to neighboring rural communities.

On October 1, 1932, most of the dissolved Münsterberg district and the two rural communities Kosemitz and Zülzendorf from the dissolved Nimptsch district were incorporated into the district. At the same time, the Frankenstein district gave the rural community of Wiltsch to the Glatz district .

In the further course of the 1930s, the district was given the official name Frankenstein i. Schles. On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia. Since 1 January 1939, the county led the designation according to the rich now unified control district . On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved again and the new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz.

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The influx of Polish civilians began in the district, some of whom came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that fell to the Soviet Union . In the period that followed, most of the German population was expelled from the district .

Population development

year Residents source
1795 31,032
1819 36,699
1846 48,625
1871 50,100
1885 50.193
1900 45,632
1910 45,312
1925 47,304
1939 75.056

District administrators

  • 1742–1756 00Julius Friedrich von Pfeil and Klein – Ellguth
  • 1757–1763 00George David Wenzel von Tschepe and Weidenbach
  • 1763–1780 00Christian Wilhelm von Prittwitz and Gaffron
  • 1781–1785 00Carl Gottlieb Ferdinand von Sandretzki
  • 1787–1790 00by Siewert
  • 1790– 000000August von Gellhorn
  • 0000–1845 00Friedrich von Dresky
  • 1848–1851 00Ernst von Strachwitz
  • 1852–1871 Alexander Groschke (1821–1871)00
  • 1871–1901 Valerian hero00
  • 1902–1911 00Karl Schirndinger von Schirnding
  • 1912–1918 Friedrich Wilhelm Prince of Prussia (1880–1925)00
  • 1918–1919 Adolf von Thielmann (1879–1948)00
  • 1933 Paul Pietsch (1877–1945)0000000
  • 1933–1934 Georg Horstmann (1894–1940) ( acting )00
  • 1934–1944 Hermann Ercklentz (1876–1962)00
  • 1944–1945 Otto Ulrich Bährens (1911–2007)00

Local constitution

The district regulations for the Duchy of Silesia, the County of Glatz and the Prussian Margraviate Lausitz of June 2, 1827, which were supplemented by an ordinance of January 7, 1842, have applied to the district since 1827 . The 30 years younger district order of December 13, 1872 was replaced by the district order for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony of March 19, 1881, which was then in force until 1945. Town and country were - not only - in Prussia always composed differently in the 19th century. Because of widely divergent traditions, the western provinces and the provinces newly acquired in 1866 also had different municipal constitutions. The city ordinances of 1808 and 1831 were replaced by the city ordinance for the six eastern provinces of the Prussian monarchy of May 30, 1853. For the rural communities, the authoritarian views of the ALR had been in effect since 1794 ; a reform came in the first half of the 19th century. Century did not materialize. Only in the decade after the failed bourgeois revolution of 1848 were

  • the law concerning the rural community constitutions in the six eastern provinces of the Prussian monarchy and
  • the law on rural local authority in the six eastern provinces of the Prussian monarchy, both of April 14, 1856, introduced.

Since the 19th century, the Frankenstein district has been divided into cities, rural communities and manor districts . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, the “ Führer principle ” was implemented on April 1, 1935 at the municipal level.

Communities

The district of Frankenstein i. Schles. last comprised five cities and 98 rural communities:

The following incorporations took place in the district up to 1937:

  • Gollendorf, on April 1, 1937 in Nieder Pomsdorf
  • Grunau, on September 30, 1928 in Kamenz
  • Herbsdorf, on April 1, 1937 in Nieder Pomsdorf
  • Kaubitz, on September 30, 1928 in Schräbsdorf
  • Laubnitz, on September 30, 1928 at Kamenz
  • Raschgrund, on April 1, 1929 in Raschdorf
  • Reisezagel, on April 1, 1937 in Bärwalde
  • Rocksdorf, on September 30, 1928 in Gläsendorf
  • Schodelwitz, on September 30, 1928 in Gläsendorf
  • Seherrsgrund, on September 30, 1928 in Quickendorf

Place names

The municipality of Olbersdorf b. Frankenstein was renamed Groß Olbersdorf in 1934 and the municipality of Tepliwoda in Lauenbrunn in 1936 .

Personalities

literature

Web links

Commons : District of Frankenstein i. Schles.  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
  2. ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Royal Order for the appointment of district administrators in Lower Silesia , p. 259 ( digitized version ).
  3. ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officers 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
  5. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
  6. ^ Roman Kamionka: The reorganization of the district division of Silesia in the Stein-Hardenberg reform period , Breslau 1934
  7. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of districts from August 1, 1932 . In: Prussian State Ministry (Hrsg.): Preußische Gesetzessammlung . Berlin 1932, district reform in the Liegnitz administrative district, p. 256 ( digitized version ).
  8. ↑ Walther Hubatsch (ed.): Outline of German administrative history 1815-1945. Row A: Prussia. Volume 4: Dieter Stüttgen: Silesia. Johann Gottfried Harder Institute, Marburg / Lahn 1976, ISBN 3-87969-116-9 .
  9. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 38 ( digitized version ).
  10. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 88 ( digitized version ).
  11. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
  12. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
  13. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
  14. ↑ a b www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
  15. ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. frankenstein.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  16. ↑ District of Frankenstein i. Schles.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 26, 2013.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.territorial.de