Braszowice

Braszowice
Help on coat of arms	Braszowice
Basic data
State :	Poland
Voivodeship :	Lower Silesia
Powiat :	Ząbkowice Śląskie
Geographic location :	50 ° 33 '  N , 16 ° 47'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 33 '0 "  N , 16 ° 47' 0"  E
Residents :	950
Postal code :	57-206
Telephone code :	(+48) 74
License plate :	DZA
Economy and Transport
Street :	Wroclaw - Prague
Next international airport :	Wroclaw

Braszowice (German: Baumgarten ) is a village in the powiat Ząbkowicki ( Frankenstein district ) in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. It belongs to the rural community Ząbkowice Śląskie ( Frankenstein ).

Geographical location

Braszowice is located in Lower Silesia in the foothills of the Owl Mountains on the old Prague – Wroclaw trade route, about five kilometers south of Ząbkowice Śląskie.

history

Village church

Baumgarten was founded together with the villages of Grochau and Paulwitz in the area of ​​the ducal manor district Grochovischa during the reign of Duke Heinrich I of Silesia in 1221 or later. The settlement of the Waldhufendorf took place with German colonists. It was first mentioned in 1253 when Schulze Berthold ("sculteto de pomerio") appeared as a witness to a ducal deed. In 1270 Baumgarten was owned by Count Mrotzko and his son Przeclaw from the Pogarell family , who played a leading role in the German colonization of Silesia. In the same year Baumgarten ("Bomgart") was mentioned for the first time as a parish with a pastor Henricus , when the abbot of Kamenz filed a complaint with the responsible bishop of Breslau, in which there were disputes about the payment of tithes . Bishop Thomas II entrusted Canon Echard with the investigation , who was also supposed to interrogate Scholzen at the same time , who allegedly mistreated the Baumgartner pastor while collecting the grain.

Since 1321 Baumgarten belonged to the newly founded Duchy of Münsterberg . Duke Bolko II pledged the duchy to King John of Bohemia and recognized the Bohemian feudal sovereignty on August 29, 1336 in the Treaty of Straubing .

In 1321 half of Baumgarten was owned by the Seidlitz family . The Münsterberg co-regent Bernhard II von Schweidnitz is recorded as the landlord for 1322 . In that year he gave a share of the village as a fiefdom to Arnold von Peterswalde, to whom the Scholtisei was also transferred. Around 1350, the noble von Reichenbach family , who resided at Peterwitz Castle near Frankenstein, came into possession of the northern half of the village. In 1385 Margrave Jobst von Moravia transferred the higher court and the Baumgartner church patronage to Hermann von Reichenbach. In 1398 the Kamenz monastery acquired the village share from the von Seidlitz family.

During the time of the Reformation , the population turned to Lutheranism . After the recatholization under Emperor Ferdinand III. the parish church was returned to the Catholics in 1644.

After several changes of ownership, the Kamenz monastery acquired the former Reichenbach village share in 1663, so that from that year the whole village was owned by the monastery.

During the First Silesian War there was a battle near Baumgarten on February 27, 1741. After the war, Baumgarten came to Prussia in 1742, like almost all of Silesia . After the Kamenz monastery had been secularized in 1810 , its Baumgartner possessions came to the House of Orange in 1812 and from there later to the House of Hohenzollern . After the reorganization of Prussia, Baumgarten belonged to the province of Silesia from 1815 . It was initially incorporated into the Reichenbach administrative district and, after its dissolution in 1820, the Breslau administrative district. Since 1818 Baumgarten belonged to the Frankenstein district in Silesia , with which it remained connected until 1945. Since 1874 it formed the Baumgarten district , which also included the rural communities of Grochwitz and Paulwitz.

After the end of the Second World War , Baumgarten and almost all of Silesia were placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying forces in the summer of 1945 . The Poles introduced the name Braszowice for Baumgarten . The German population was expelled in the period that followed . Most of the newly settled residents came from eastern Poland . 1975–1998 Braszowice belonged to the Wałbrzych Voivodeship (German: Waldenburg ).

Population development

year	Residents	Remarks
1885	1172
1933	1086
1939	1022

Attractions

• The parish church of St. Lawrence ( Kościół Św. Wawrzynca ) was first mentioned in 1270. The current baroque hall church was built in 1736–1738 by master builder Joh. G. Reichel. The pulpit dates from the time it was built. The main altar from 1899 in the neo-renaissance style contains a painting of St. Laurentius as alms donor, which the Munich painter Johann von Schraudolph created in 1834 on the order of the patron saint Constantin Graf von Schlabrendorf . The side altars from 1866 come from the workshop of the Baumgartner cabinet maker Franz X. Moschner. They were decorated by the Frankenstein painter and gilder Karl Krachwitz.
• The groups of figures in front of the cemetery gate date from 1785. They originally stood on the bridge at Frankensteiner Tor in Glatz .

Personalities

• Alois Taux (1817–1861), violinist, horn player, composer and first director of the Mozarteum Orchestra and the Salzburg Liedertafel
• Eugen Steinmann (1839–1899), Prussian district administrator
• Otto Steinmann (1831–1894), Prussian District President, member of the Reichstag and Landtag
• Karl Sindermann (1869–1922), Member of the Reichstag and Landtag (SPD)
• Carl Graf Hoyos (1923–2012), industrial and organizational psychologist

literature

• Josef Bögner: St. Laurentius Baumgarten . Bad Oeynhausen 1991, pp. 18-31.
• Dehio Handbook of Art Monuments in Poland Silesia. Munich and Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-422-03109-X , p. 169.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Baumgarten district
2. ^ ^{A b c} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. frankenstein.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).