Kamieniec Ząbkowicki

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Kamieniec Ząbkowicki
Kamieniec Ząbkowicki's coat of arms
Kamieniec Ząbkowicki (Poland)
Kamieniec Ząbkowicki
Kamieniec Ząbkowicki
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Ząbkowice Śląskie
Geographic location : 50 ° 32 '  N , 16 ° 53'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 32 '0 "  N , 16 ° 53' 0"  E
Residents : 4200
Postal code : 57-230
Telephone code : (+48) 74
License plate : DZA
Economy and Transport
Street : Nysa - Kłodzko
Rail route : Wroclaw – Kłodzko
Nysa-Legnica
Next international airport : Wroclaw
Gmina
Gminatype: Rural community
Gmina structure: 14 school offices
Surface: 96.24 km²
Residents: 8137
(June 30, 2019)
Population density : 85 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 0224032
Administration (as of 2015)
Community leader : Marcin Czerniec
Address:
ul.Ząbkowicka 26 57-230 Kamieniec Ząbkowicki
Website : www.kamienieczabkowicki.eu



Kamieniec Ząbkowicki (German Kamenz ; also Camenz ) is a village in the powiat Ząbkowicki in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. It is located seven kilometers south-east of the district town of Ząbkowice Śląskie (Frankenstein) and is the seat of the rural municipality of the same name .

geography

Kamieniec Ząbkowicki is located on the Glatzer Neisse . The Warthagebirge (Góry Bardzkie) runs to the west, the Reichensteiner Mountains to the southwest and the Patschkauer Vorland (Przedgórze Paczkowskie) to the south . Neighboring towns are Strąkowo (Kunzendorf) in the north, Goleniów (Gallenau) in the northeast, Byczeń and Doboszowice in the east, Topola , Śrem (Schrom) and Sławecin (Schlottendorf) in the southeast, Wolmsdorf (Sosnowa) , Płonica (Dörndorf) and Mąkolno in the south, Ożary (Hemmersdorf) , Laskówka (Gierichswalde) and Dzbanów (Banau) in the southwest, Piasek (Sand) and Przyłęk (Frankenberg) in the west and Pawłowice (Paulwitz) in the northwest. To the southwest lies the Castle Hill (Góra Zamkowa) .

history

Kamenz Monastery

Because of the disputes between Bohemia and Poland over supremacy in Silesia , which had been going on since the 10th century , the Bohemian Duke Břetislav II destroyed the Wartha Castle in 1096 , which he subsequently took. To further secure the Bohemian border, he built Kamenz Castle northeast of Wartha in the border forest .

In the second half of the 12th century, the area came to the Duchy of Silesia . Early 13th century, the castle was owned Kamenz the Silesian noble family Pogarell , 1210 below the castle an Augustinian Chorherren- provost established that in place in 1247 Cistercian Monastery Kamenz was born. After the division of the Duchy of Silesia in 1248, Kamenz came to the Duchy of Breslau , and from 1278 to the Duchy of Schweidnitz .

Due to a settlement privilege that the Pogarell had already received from Duke Heinrich I in 1230 , the Cistercians developed a brisk economic and settlement activity. They gained further possession in 1325 when the knight Hanß von Wustehube left numerous villages of his Moravian rule Goldenstein to the monastery . From 1331 Kamenz belonged to the newly founded Duchy of Münsterberg . In 1334, Duke Bolko II granted the monastery upper rulership rights, including secular jurisdiction over the collegiate land . Together with the Duchy of Münsterberg, Kamenz came under Bohemian feudal sovereignty in 1336 , which Bolko II recognized in the same year in the Treaty of Straubing and the Polish king by ratifying the Treaty of Trenčín in 1339. In the first half of the 14th century, the Cistercians rebuilt the monastery church and the monastery buildings.

Between 1425 and 1428 the village and monastery were repeatedly devastated by the Hussites . In the following two centuries the development of the monastery and thus also of the Stiftsland was inhibited. The reasons for this were after the Hussite Wars the oppression by the local nobility and the Bohemian rulers, in the 16th century the adverse effects of the Reformation and from 1618 to 1648 by the Thirty Years' War . After the end of the war, the devastated collegiate country was economically depressed. Only a third of the population of Kamenz survived the chaos of war and the plague that raged in 1633 .

From the second half of the 17th century, an economic upswing set in, which was mainly due to the abbots Augustin Neudeck (1681–1702) and Gerhard Woywoda (1702–1732). The monastery buildings were rebuilt from 1682 to 1685 and the Gothic abbey church was redesigned in Baroque style around 1700 and richly furnished. In addition, a brewery, a bakery, the gate building with the stone bridge over the Mühlgraben, another Vorwerk and the village secretary were built . New churches were built in the villages of Wartha, Maifritzdorf , Follmersdorf and Gierichswalde , which are part of the Stiftsland .

In 1741, during the First Silesian War, there was a battle near Baumgarten , as a result of which the Prussian King Frederick the Great fled to the Kamenz monastery and was saved by the abbot from being captured by the Austrians. After the war, Kamenz fell to Prussia in 1742, like almost all of Silesia . In the War of the Bavarian Succession , an Austrian patrol advanced to Kamenz in 1778 and kidnapped the incumbent abbot.

Kamenz Castle

On October 30, 1810, King Friedrich Wilhelm III. the edict of secularization . On November 22nd J. the abolition of the monastery, which at that time consisted of 31 monastery villages. Some of the art treasures, the archive and the library were brought to the state collections in Wroclaw , while some of the treasures that remained in Kamenz were thrown away. The abbey church subsequently served as the Catholic parish church of Kamenz.

After the reorganization of Prussia, Kamenz belonged to the province of Silesia from 1815 and from 1818 was incorporated into the district of Frankenstein in Silesia , with which it remained connected until 1945.

The monastery buildings and the monastery rule came to Princess Friederike Louise Wilhelmine in 1812 , a daughter of the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm II and later Queen of the Netherlands. In 1817 the church and monastery burned down. While the church was being restored, the monastery buildings were demolished except for the prelate wing.

In 1830 the rule of Kamenz fell as a dowry to Marianne Princess of the Netherlands , who was married to Prince Albrecht of Prussia . Since the prelate wing of the former monastery was not suitable as a residence, the neo-Gothic Kamenz Castle was built under their rule above Kamenz .

From 1874 the rural communities of Kamenz, Grunau, Laubnitz and Wolmsdorf formed the Kamenz district , to which the Kamenz manor district also belonged. In the last quarter of the 19th century Kamenz developed into an important railway junction. In 1875 it was connected to the Breslau – Glatz – Mittelwalde railway and a year later to the Liegnitz – Neisse line . In 1900 the local railway from Kamenz to Reichenstein was opened.

During the time of National Socialism , euthanasia murders by lethal injection were carried out on mentally weak German children in a children's institution that was housed in the former monastery building .

The last owner was Prince Friedrich Heinrich of Prussia. In addition to the Kamenz rulership, he also owned the Schnallenstein and Seitenberg rulers in Lower Silesia . In 1939 there were 2528 people in Kamenz.

As a result of the Second World War , Kamenz was occupied by the Red Army in May 1945 and, like almost all of Silesia, fell to Poland. It was subsequently renamed Kamieniec Ząbkowicki . Around 2,000 Russian soldiers were initially quartered in the castle and the prelature. The German population was expelled in 1945/46. Some of the new residents were displaced from eastern Poland , which had fallen to the Soviet Union. In 1958, Kamieniec Ząbkowicki was elevated to a town-like settlement. In 1997 a flood destroyed large parts of the village.

coat of arms

Description : In silver two golden lions looking at each other with red tongues and armor . On the right a vertical silver grid (3x5) on top and on the left sprinkled with golden shingles on the golden crown .

traffic

Kaminiec Ząbkowicki is a railway junction: the Katowice – Legnica line crosses with the Wrocław – Międzylesie line in the station . In the past, Kaminiec Ząbkowicki was also the start of the Reichensteiner Bahn , which has been out of service for passenger traffic since June 1989 and has been shut down since the floods in 1997.

Attractions

  • Former monastery church of St. Mary's Assumption with valuable furnishings
  • The abbey building was built between 1683 and 1685 based on a design by Matthias Kirchberger and restored after the fire of 1817. On the ground floor there is a room with painted representations of Cistercian monasteries and their coats of arms. After 1945 it was first used as a warehouse. After the political change in 1989, the building was renovated and now houses a branch of the Wroclaw State Archives (Archiwum Państwowe we Wrocławiu) .
  • At the monastery farm yard west of the church there are figures of Saints John of Nepomuk and Florian in front of the entrance gate. They were created from 1702 to 1704 by the Kamenz sculptor Anton Jörg. The west facade of the farm yard is decorated with a figure of God the Father.
Kamenz Castle (2005)
  • The Castle Kamenz was 1838 for Prince Albert of Prussia and his wife Princess Marianne of Prussia , that the collegiate rule Kamenz had inherited from her mother in 1837 after a design by the architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel built, and only in 1872 completed by the court architect Ferdinand Martius. The layout of the terrace garden with fountain was designed by landscape architect Peter Joseph Lenné . After the war ended in 1945, the castle was looted and large parts of the interior including the marble stairs were removed. On 21/22 January 1946 the castle was set on fire and burned out. The entire facility was subsequently left to decay. After the political change in 1989, reconstruction began around 1995. Today parts of the building are used as a hotel.
  • The former Protestant Church of the Holy Trinity was built as a foundation of Princess Marianne in the neo-Gothic style. The design came from Ferdinand Martius. After 1945 it was not used and was set on fire on May 10, 1983 and subsequently fell into disrepair. Since the renovation in 1992 it has been used as a concert hall.

In honor of Princess Marianne, a Marianne von Oranien holiday route was designed as a themed route, which starts here in the village.

Personalities

Community structure

The school administration offices belong to the rural community of Kamieniec Ząbkowicki

  • Byczeń (Baitzen)
  • Chałupki (Neuhaus)
  • Doboszowice (Hertwigswalde)
  • Kamieniec Ząbkowicki I
  • Kamieniec Ząbkowicki II (1945–1968 Goleniów Śląski ; Gallenau )
  • Mrokocin (bricks)
  • Ożary (Hemmersdorf)
  • Pomianów Górny (Oberpomsdorf)
  • Sławęcin (Schlottendorf)
  • Sosnowa (Wolmsdorf)
  • Starczów (Alt Altmannsdorf or around 1785 Alzendorf)
  • Suszka (Dürrhartha)
  • Śrem (Schrom)
  • Topola (Reichenau)

literature

Web links

Commons : Kamieniec Ząbkowicki  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Website of the municipality, Wójt Gminy ( Memento of the original of November 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 27, 2015 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kamzab.pl