Treaty of Trencin

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The Treaty of Trenčín was on 24. August 1335 at the Trenčín castle in the same time Hungarian town of Trenčín (, Polish, Hungarian Trencsén Trenczyn today Trenčín in Slovakia ) completed and on February 9, 1339 Krakow ratified .

Contracting parties were the Bohemian King John of Luxembourg and his son Margrave Karl and the Polish King Casimir the Great . Kazimir's brother-in-law, the Hungarian King Charles of Anjou, acted as a mediator in the contract negotiations . That is why the negotiations took place at his Trenčín castle, which is not far from the border with Silesia and Bohemia in the north-west of what is now Slovakia .

With the treaty, Kazimir the Great gave up all of Poland's claims to the Piast- dominated Silesian territories for eternity . The treaty established the political separation of Silesia from Poland. In return, John of Luxembourg and his son Karl renounced the Polish royal title that they had inherited from the Přemyslids . After the death of John of Luxembourg, who was succeeded by his son Charles IV as King of Bohemia in 1347, the provisions of the Trenčín Treaty were reaffirmed between Kazimir the Great and Charles IV in the Treaty of Namslau in 1348.

Kazimir's successor, Ludwig I, confirmed the Trenčín renunciation in full in his capacity as King of Poland in 1372. The Silesian-Polish borders established by the treaty remained largely in place until 1945.

prehistory

Although the disputes between Bohemia and Poland over supremacy in Silesia, which had been going on since the 10th century , were supposed to end with the Pentecostal Peace of Glatz , which was concluded in 1137, several Silesian principal principalities sought a connection to Bohemia from the second half of the 13th century. The main reason for this was the division of inheritance after the death of Duke Heinrich II , which was accompanied by inheritance disputes from which parts of the nobility and clergy also benefited. The fragmentation of the Duchy of Silesia resulted in numerous small sub-principalities that were not held together by any central authority. The close family ties between the descendants of Henry II and the Prague royal court led to a political orientation towards Bohemia, whereby economic advantages also played a role.

Parallel to the development in Lower and Central Silesia, the Upper Silesian Duchy of Opole was split up into the partial duchies of Opole , Ratibor , Bytom , Teschen and Auschwitz in 1281 .

As early as 1289, Duke Casimir II of Cosel - Bytom was the first Silesian duke to accept the Bohemian fiefdom , and in 1292 other Upper Silesian princes followed his example. After Władysław I. Ellenlang , who re-established the Kingdom of Poland in 1320 , asserted claims to the Silesian duchies, the Dukes of the Opole and Wroclaw countries in 1327 and the Lower Silesian Dukes of Liegnitz , Brieg , Sagan , Oels and Steinau in 1329 voluntarily went there bohemian fiefdom. Under pressure, Johann von Luxemburg received homage from Glogau in 1331 and from Münsterberg in 1336 . In 1342 the Bishop of Breslau also subjugated the Neisse diocese to the Bohemian king, which had only acquired full sovereignty in 1333.

Only Duke Bolko II of Schweidnitz-Jauer did not recognize the Bohemian king as a feudal lord. After his death in 1368, however, his duchy came to Bohemia through the marriage of his niece Anna von Schweidnitz with Emperor Charles IV in 1353 . Although Anna was no longer alive at the death of Bolko II, Schweidnitz came to the Bohemian king because, on the occasion of Anna's wedding, her uncle Ludwig I, the future Polish king, had renounced all claims to Schweidnitz in favor of the Luxembourgers . As King of Poland he fully confirmed the Trenčín Treaty in 1372. The duchy of Schweidnitz remained in the usufruct of Bolko's widow Agnes von Habsburg until 1392 .

literature