Kamenz Monastery

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Cistercian Abbey of Kamenz
Kamenz Monastery, building and monastery church
Kamenz Monastery, building and monastery church
location PolandPoland Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Coordinates: 50 ° 31 '9 "  N , 16 ° 52' 53"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 31 '9 "  N , 16 ° 52' 53"  E
Serial number
according to Janauschek 		630
founding year 1247
Year of dissolution /
annulment 		1810
Mother monastery Leubus Monastery
Primary Abbey Morimond Monastery

Daughter monasteries

no

The Kamenz Monastery (Latin Camencium ; Polish Kamieniec ; Czech Klášter Kamenec ) is a former Cistercian abbey in Kamieniec Ząbkowicki in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland . It was built in 1247 in place of an Augustinian canon - provost from 1210.

history

In order to secure the Bohemian border, Duke Břetislav II built Kamenz Castle in 1096, which was owned by the Pogarell family from Silesia at the beginning of the 13th century . In 1210 she founded an Augustinian canons provost as a family foundation below the castle. The foundation was approved by the Breslau bishop Lorenz , who was possibly a Pogarell himself. The Augustinian canon Vinzenz von Pogarell, who until then belonged to the Breslauer Sandstift , was in charge of the provost's office . Because of the decline in spiritual discipline and mismanagement, the Augustinians were removed from the monastery in 1246 against their resistance and replaced in 1247 by Cistercians from the Leubus monastery , which was a subsidiary of the Morimond Primary Abbey .

Due to a settlement privilege that the Pogarell had already received from Duke Heinrich I in 1230 , the Cistercians developed a lively economic and settlement activity, which led to an expansion of the monastery property. They acquired further property in 1325 when the knight Hanß von Wüstehube left numerous villages under his Moravian rule Goldenstein to the monastery . In the first half of the 14th century, the Cistercians rebuilt the church and the monastery buildings, which they surrounded with walls and towers. In 1334, Duke Bolko II from Münsterberg granted the monastery upper rulership rights, which included secular jurisdiction over the Stiftsland.

Between 1425 and 1428 the monastery was attacked and devastated several times by the Hussites , so that the religious had to flee. After the Hussite Wars there was oppression by the local nobility and the Bohemian rulers. The development of the monastery was also hampered by the Reformation in the 16th century and the effects of the Thirty Years War . In addition, the plague came in 1633 , so that the convent had to flee again. When the Peace of Westphalia was concluded in 1648, the Stiftsland was devastated and economically bled. Only a third of the population of Kamenz survived the chaos of war.

Princely Abbey and Monastery of Kamenz around 1735

A spiritual renewal and an economic upturn did not begin until the second half of the 17th century under the abbots Kaspar Kales, Augustin Neudeck (1681–1702) and Gerhard Woywoda (1702–1732). The monastery buildings were rebuilt between 1682 and 1685 and the Gothic abbey church was redesigned in Baroque style around 1700 and richly furnished. In addition, a brewery, a bakery, the gate building with the stone bridge over the Mühlgraben, another Vorwerk and the village secretary were built . New churches were built in the villages of Wartha , Maifritzdorf ( Mąkolno ), Follmersdorf and Gierichswalde ( Laskówka ), which are part of the Stiftsland .

In 1741, during the First Silesian War, there was a battle near Baumgarten , as a result of which the Prussian King Frederick the Great fled to the Kamenz monastery and was saved by the abbot from being captured by the Austrians. During the War of the Bavarian Succession , an Austrian patrol advanced to Kamenz in 1778 and kidnapped the abbot.

On October 30, 1810, King Friedrich Wilhelm III. the edict of secularization and on November 22nd d. J. the abolition of the monastery, which at that time owned 31 villages. The 38 conventuals left the monastery under the leadership of Abbot Placidus Hoffmann. Some of the art treasures, the archive and the library were brought to the state collections in Wroclaw , while some of the treasures that remained in Kamenz were thrown away. The abbey church subsequently served as the Catholic parish church of Kamenz.

The monastery buildings and the monastery rule came in 1812 to Princess Friederike Louise Wilhelmine , a daughter of the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm II. And later Queen of the Netherlands. In 1817 the church and monastery burned down. While the church was being restored, the monastery buildings were demolished except for the prelate wing.

Buildings and plant

Facade of the monastery church
  • The monastery church "Assumption of Mary" was built as a late Gothic brick building in three stages: the choir in 1315, the transept around 1330 and the nave before 1350. It is a cross-shaped three-nave hall church with three-bay choir, three-bay, single-nave cross arms and six-bay nave. The ribbed vaults date from around 1400. At the beginning of the 18th century, the church was baroque and richly furnished:
    • The two-storey main altar with the figures of Saints Peter, Jakobus, Johannes and Andreas was created by the Breslau sculptor Christoph Königer, the altar paintings of the Assumption and Holy Trinity by the painter Michael Willmann .
    • The paintings of the St. Benedict side altar and the St. Bernhard side altar were created by Willmann's stepson Johann Christoph Lischka .
    • The wall figures of the Fourteen Holy Helpers and Saints Joachim, Anna, Josef and Johannes Nepomuk are made by the Wroclaw carver Thomas Weisfeld.
    • The pulpit with the representation of Jacob on the sound cover was created by Christoph Königer, from whom the altar of the Nativity in the St. Joseph's Chapel and the St. Luitgard altar also come.
    • The sculptor Georg Schrötter from Grüssau created the carved altar of the Fourteen Holy Helpers .
  • The monastery buildings from the 14th century were rebuilt in 1682–1685 by Matthias Kirchberger and Simon Wiedemann, partially using the medieval masonry in the early Baroque style. They were demolished after the fire of 1817. The prelate wing, which has housed a branch of the Wrocław State Archives ( Archiwum Państwowe Wrocław ) since the 1990s, has been preserved.

Abbots of Kamenz

  1. Ludwig I.
  2. Bruno
  3. Guntherus
  4. Mauritius; during his reign, the village of Wolmsdorf (now Sosnowa ) was acquired in 1251 ; In 1261 the monastery received papal confirmation.
  5. Ludwig II.
  6. Konrad († 1283); acquired the village of Pilz ( Pilce ) together with Kretscham in 1283
  7. Lambertus (1283-1290)
  8. Rainbald; received the town of Mittelwalde as a gift from the Bohemian King Wenzel in 1294 .
  9. Otto; acquired the Vorwerk in Bahnau ( Dzbanów ) in 1297 and the village of Scalisdorf near Freudenthal in 1298 as compensation for the village of Trebanowitz near Troppau
  10. Peter of Pondaczin; 1301 received the privilege of six inns in Wartha from Duke Bolko I ; acquired the village of Schrom ( Śrem ) with the associated forest and the allodial property from Herrmann von Barba in 1303
  11. Gottfried († 1312); 1307 presented the brother Christian to the Breslau bishop Heinrich von Würben , who was to become pastor in Frankenberg .
  12. Paul; acquired the Scholtisei in Wolmsdorf from Hermann Lauterbach from Münsterberg
  13. Nicholas; received various privileges from Bishop Heinrich von Würben in 1316 and received the village of Reichenau as a gift from him , which the bishop had previously acquired from the knight Johann von Letcz. In 1320, Duke Bernhard II in Reichenbach issued a letter of freedom for the Kamenz monastery, according to which it should never again be bothered with claims.
  14. Heinrich; During his reign, the Vorwerk in Gallenau ( Goleniów ) was purchased and in 1325 Schlottendorf ( Sławęcin ) was given to the monastery.
  15. Konrad II, a native of pride ; 1325 received the Moravian rule Goldenstein with ten villages and all accessories.
  16. Theodor; During his tenure, the monastery was attacked and robbed by Duke Bolko II of Münsterberg and the residents were mistreated. Then Bolko and his family were the Wrocław Bishop Nanker with the spell occupied. After mediation by Duke Boleslaus von Liegnitz , Bolko had to accept various conditions. In 1335 he confirmed the monastery privileges; In 1336 he gave the village of Haag between Giersdorf ( Opolnica ) and Wartha to the monastery . In the same year he confirmed to the abbot the lower jurisdiction over the monastery villages with a certificate issued in Glatz .
  17. Thylo
  18. Sieghard; acquired Dörndorf ( Płonica ) from Nikolaus Kazimir in 1339 . In 1340, Duke Bolko gave him the right to hold a free market on the monastery square. After a flood in 1341, Bolko's son Duke Nikolaus waived all taxes for the residents concerned. In 1344 the knight Heinrich von Haugwitz donated the town of Reichenstein, including the gold mines and the villages of Herwisdorf, Katersdorf and Kraßerwitz, to the monastery . In 1349, the Bohemian King Charles IV issued a letter of protection to the monastery with a document issued in Nuremberg, with which he forbade the Silesian dukes from disturbing the monastery. In the same year Abbot Sieghard acquired the village of Britzen from the knight Nizugthon von Dammelwitz .
  19. Andreas
  20. Peter von Reichenbach
  21. Johannes († 1421), born in Breslau; acquired the Reiss mill in Frankenberg as well as Bahnau and Johnsbach ( Janowiec ) in 1393 , Paulwitz ( Pawłowice ) in 1396 , part of Baumgarten from the knight Hermann von Seidlitz in 1398 and part of Baumgarten in 1403 from the knight Gotsche Schoff Dürrharte ( Suszka ). In Wartha he built another, the so-called German chapel, in addition to the existing Bohemian chapel. In addition to the Bishop of Breslau, the cities of Neisse and Frankenstein , the Duke of Münsterberg and the Glatzer estates also contributed to its financing .
  22. Nicholas II († 1421); was only in office for three months
  23. Nicholas III († 1426); native of Patschkau ,
  24. Christoph († 1439 in Neisse); During his reign the monastery was attacked several times by the Hussites and the monastery villages were devastated and the monastery church was robbed and set on fire.
  25. Nicholas IV († 1443)
  26. Jacobus († 1447)
  27. Johannes († 1451)
  28. Nicholas V († 1453)
  29. John III (resigned 1457), acquired the Golschitz Vorwerk in the Schweidnitz district in 1456
  30. Nicholas VI "Viereckel" († 1461), born in Glatz
  31. Nicholas VII .; In 1465, Reichenstein, which had been relocated, and the gold mines were released again. The contract was signed by Hans von Warnsdorf, governor of Kłodzko, as the representative of the Bohemian king Georg von Podebrady . Nikolaus VII sold the Vorwerk in Golschitz to Nikolaus von Seidlitz.
  32. Thomas († 1474)
  33. Erasmus († 1479), born in Königgrätz
  34. Jacob II († 1506); In 1483 the Duke and Count of Glatz from Münsterberg bought Heinrich the Elder. Ä. Reichenstein and all the mines from the monastery, but never paid the agreed purchase price. Shortly before his death, Abbot Jacob II received the dignity of an infuled abbot for himself and his successors .
  35. Simon († 1521); acquired the village of Gierichswalde ( Laskówka ) in 1516
  36. Nicholas VIII († 1529); During his tenure, the monastery was destroyed by fire on November 21, 1524.
  37. Georg († 1557) rebuilt the monastery
  38. Simon II († 1552), born in Patschkau
  39. Anton von Wallenburg († 1596); acquired the village of Alt Altmannsdorf ; Because of the religious turmoil, he brought the Wartha image of grace to Kamenz to protect it from destruction.
  40. Mathias Steiner († 1606), born in Patschkau
  41. John IV († 1616); brought the miraculous image back to Wartha
  42. Fabian Krause († 1625), in 1621 the monastery, the church and the abbey villages were plundered several times by the troops of Margrave Johann Georg von Jägerndorf . He stood on the side of the Bohemian King Friedrich and besieged the Glatz Fortress, which could not be conquered by the imperial family until October 1622. On March 19, 1623 Abbot Fabian Krause preached the sermon in Glatz at the rededication of the parish church for Catholic worship. Then the Breslau suffragan and Bishop of Nicopolis, Martin Kohlsdorf , held the high mass.
  43. Christoph II. († 1641 in Glatz)
  44. Simon III († 1661), friar from Leubus
  45. Kaspar Kales († 1666); acquired the other half of Baumgarten from Ignaz Klahr in 1663; built the new pilgrimage church in Wartha on the site of the so-called German chapel.
  46. Friedrich Steuer († 1681), born in Schrom
  47. Augustin Neudeck († 1702), born in Glatz
  48. Gerhard Woywoda († 1732), acquired the Michelau estate from Baron von Grutschreiber. Built the churches in Maifriedsdorf, Follmersdorf and Gierichswalde as well as the rectory in Baitzen. The monastery church received several new altars during his tenure. He sent the younger friars to study in Prague.
  49. Amandus Fritsch († 1742), born in Maifriedsdorf; received from Emperor Karl VI. confirmation of all privileges
  50. Tobias Stusche († 1757), born in Patschkau
  51. Abundus Neumann († 1773)
  52. Raphael Rösler († 1808), born in Bremberg near Jauer
  53. Placidus Hoffmann, last abbot until the monastery was secularized in 1810.

Stiftsdörfer

In 1645 the following villages belonged to the Kamenzer Stiftsland:

Alt Altmannsdorf · Baitzen · Banau · Baumgarten · Dörndorf · Eichau · Follmersdorf · Gierichswalde · Grochwitz · Grunau · Haag · Harta · Heinrichswalde · Hemmersdorf · Johnsbach · Laubnitz · Mayfriedsdorf · Nossen · Paulwitz · Pilz · Reichenau · Sand · Schlottendorf · Schrom · Wartha · Wolmsdorf

literature

  • Gregor Frömrich: Brief history of the former Cistercian Abbey Kamenz in Silesia . Glatz 1817, printed by Pompey's heirs .
  • Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , pp. 213-215.
  • Dehio Handbook of Art Monuments in Poland Silesia . Munich · Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-422-03109-X , pp. 415-419.
  • Ambrosius Schneider: Lexical overview of the male monasteries of the Cistercians in the German language and cultural area . In: Ambrosius Schneider, Adam Wienand, Wolfgang Bickel: The Cistercians, History - Spirit - Art . Wienand Verlag, Cologne 1986, ISBN 3-87909-132-3 , p. 666.
  • Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments. 2nd vol. Northeast Germany, 2nd edition. edit v. J. Kohte, 1922, pp. 217-218.
  • Petzak: Contributions to the building history of the Cistercian monasteries Heinrichau and Kamenz . In: Journal of the Association for the History of Silesia. 52, 1918, pp. 165-170.
  • Konstanty Kalinowski: Baroque in Silesia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-422-06047-2 , p. 117.
  • Wojtek Zmudzki: The Leubus Monastery and its Filiations . In: Ulrich Knefelkamp, ​​Wolfgang F. Reddig (Hrsg.): Monasteries and landscapes, Cistercians west and east of the Oder . 2nd Edition. Scrîpvaz-Verlag, Frankfurt (Oder) 1999, ISBN 3-931278-19-0 , pp. 159, 163f.

Web links

Commons : Kamenz Monastery  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The information about Reichenstein's membership in the Kamenz monastery is contradictory in the sources. They were here after Gregor Frömrich: Brief history of the former Cistercian Abbey Kamenz in Silesia . Glatz 1817, printed by Pompejus Erben and partly do not correspond to the information in Lemma Złoty Stok , which is based on the literature there
  2. ↑ see Patschkau (Breslau patrician family)
  3. ↑ Joseph Kögler : The chronicles of the county Glatz . Revised and edited in 1993 by Dieter Pohl . Volume 2: The parish and town chronicles of Glatz. ISBN 3-927830-09-7 , p. 54.