Byczeń
| Byczeń | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Ząbkowice Śląskie | ||
| Gmina : | Kamieniec Ząbkowicki | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 31 ' N , 16 ° 54' E | ||
| Height : | 237 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 510 | ||
| Postal code : | 57-230 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 74 | ||
| License plate : | DZA | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Next international airport : | Wroclaw Airport | ||
Byczeń (German Baitzen ) is a village in the powiat Ząbkowicki in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. It belongs to the rural municipality of Kamieniec Ząbkowicki ( Kamenz ).
geography
Byczeń is located three kilometers east of Kamieniec Ząbkowicki on the north bank of the Kłodzko Neisse , which rises in the Kłodzko Snow Mountains and often leads to floods. During major floods - as in the years 1341, 1364, 1598, 1783, 1804, 1829 and 1938 - the partly high-lying location usually suffered less damage than the lower-lying agricultural areas, which were repeatedly rendered unusable by gravel. The provincial road 382 runs through Byczeń and runs from Ząbkowice Śląskie to Paczków . Neighboring towns are Goleniów ( Gallenau ) in the north, Starczów in the northeast, Doboszowice in the east, Błotnica ( Plottnitz ) in the southeast, Topola and Sławęcin ( Schlottendorf ) in the south and Śrem ( Schrom ) in the southwest. To the west lies the Kamenz Castle Hill ( Góra Zamkowa ).
history
The history of Baitzen can be traced back to the time of German colonization of Silesia in the 13th century. It was first mentioned in 1283 as Bycen . At that time it belonged to the Moyko (Moycho) von Baizen and later came to the Cistercian monastery Kamenz . Politically it belonged to the Duchy of Schweidnitz and after its division in 1321 to the newly established Duchy of Münsterberg . Its Duke Bolko II did not transfer his territory to the Crown of Bohemia until 1336 , which was held by the Habsburgs from 1526 .
After the First Silesian War in 1742, Baitzen, like almost all of Silesia, fell to Prussia . After the abolition of the Kamenz monastery by secularization in 1810, it belonged to the Münsterberg district from 1816 , which in 1932 was merged with the Frankenstein district to form the new Frankenstein district in Silesia . From 1874 Baitzen belonged to the district of Alt Altmannsdorf.
In addition to handicrafts and small businesses, agriculture was also of economic importance, which could not generate large yields, as the soil was partly heavily graveled by the frequent flooding of the Glatzer Neisse. Baitzen experienced its heyday in the 19th century with the construction of the Kamenz Castle and the construction of the railway lines Münsterberg – Wartha (opened in 1873) and Frankenstein – Patschkau (opened in 1874), which made nearby Kamenz an important traffic junction. In 1938 Baitzen was connected to the Reichensteiner Bahn .
The invasion of Soviet troops on May 8, 1945 marked the end of World War II for the place . As a result, Baitzen, which has now been renamed Byczeń , fell to Poland like most of Silesia. In autumn 1945 the first transport of Polish peasants arrived at Kamenz station, who were to be resettled from Eastern Galicia, annexed by the USSR , to Lower Silesia. The forced evacuation of the German-speaking residents of Byczeń began on April 11, 1946 and was largely completed in August. From 1975 to 1998 Byczeń belonged to the Wałbrzych Voivodeship ( Waldenburg ). Although gravel extraction was added as a further branch of the economy after 1945, the region's prosperity remained low and productivity declined even further. As in many parts of Poland, the rural exodus of young people is a particular problem .
religion
In 1898, 98.8% of the population of Baitzen were Catholic. The few local Protestants visited a church in Kamenz. Until 2004 Baitzen belonged to the diocese of Breslau and since then to the newly founded diocese Świdnica ( Schweidnitz ). Even today the village is almost entirely of Roman Catholic denomination, but the parish of Baitzen was dissolved after the Second World War and the place was parished to St. Bartholomew in Topola (Reichenau).
The following are preserved from the Catholic church registers : baptism registers (1876–1946), trauma registers (1913–1947) and death registers (1890–1946). The older church registers have been considered destroyed or lost since a fire in the church of Topola, where they were relocated. The preserved books have been in the diocesan archive in Wroclaw since 1999 . The Martin Opitz Library in Herne has received a scan.
Attractions
- The parish church of St. Martin was built 1771–1774 during the tenure of the Kamenz abbot Amandus Neumann by the Reichenau master builder Josef Kauffmann in the late Baroque style. The frescoes with scenes from the New Testament are from Neisser painter Joseph bumps and Johann Nepomuk Kümpfle. The high altar, the side altars and the pulpit were created in 1776 by the Baitzen sculptor Josef Jung.
- The two-storey rectory with a tail gable was built during the term of office of Abbot Gerhard Woywoda 1728–1730.
Personalities
- Franz Xaver Görlich (1801–1881), German Catholic clergyman, educator, chronicler and biographer
- Hans Joachim Koppitz (1924–2015), German book historian and book scholar
literature
- Paul Hirschberg: History and Stories. Baitzen near Kamenz / Silesia , no location given, 1997
- Erhard Welzel, Kurt Gottschalk (compilation): Baitzen - Frankenstein district - Silesia. Chronicle of our home village. Self-published 1984 ( online edition of the book ; attached a scan of the church registers preserved)
- Dehio Handbook of Art Monuments in Poland: Silesia. Deutscher Kunstverlag Munich, Berlin 2005. ISBN 3-422-03109-X , p. 195
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hugo Weczerka (Ed.): Handbook of historical sites . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , p. 438.
- ↑ Alt Altmannsdorf district
- ↑ diecezja.swidnica ( Memento of the original from May 5, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
