Glatzer Neisse

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Glatzer Neisse
Nysa Kłodzka
Rezerwat Dębina 015.JPG
Data
location Czech Republic , Poland
River system Or
Drain over Or  → Baltic Sea
source on Eschenberg near Jodłów
50 ° 8 ′ 53 ″  N , 16 ° 46 ′ 46 ″  E
Source height 930  m npm
muzzle near the village Rybna (Riebnig) south-east of Brzeg in the Oder coordinates: 50 ° 49 ′ 8 "  N , 17 ° 39 ′ 30"  E 50 ° 49 ′ 8 "  N , 17 ° 39 ′ 30"  E
Mouth height 140  m npm
Height difference 790 m
Bottom slope 4.1 ‰
length 195 km
Left tributaries Stones , Bystrzyca Dusznicka , Bystrzyca
Right tributaries Steinau , Kamienica (Nysa Kłodzka) , Tarnawka , Raczyna , Biela , Weidenauer Wasser , Biała Lądecka
Reservoirs flowed through Jezioro Otmuchowskie , Jezioro Nyskie , Jezioro Paczkowskie
Medium-sized cities Bystrzyca Kłodzka , Kłodzko , Paczków , Otmuchów , Nysa , Lewin Brzeski , Skorogoszcz
Small towns Międzylesie , Bardo
The Glatzer Neisse (red)

The Glatzer Neisse (red)

The Glatzer Neisse or Silesian Neisse (Polish Nysa Kłodzka , Czech Kladská Nisa ) is a left-hand tributary of the Oder in the Polish Voivodeship of Lower Silesia .

course

It rises on the Eschenberg near Thanndorf ( Jodłów ) in the Glatzer Schneegebirge , part of the Sudetes on the border between Poland and the Czech Republic . It is 195 km long, flows through the cities of Mittelwalde ( Międzylesie ), Habelschwerdt ( Bystrzyca Kłodzka ) and Glatz ( Kłodzko ) and then initially runs east. Other cities on the river are Patschkau ( Paczków ), Ottmachau ( Otmuchów ), Neisse ( Nysa ), Löwen ( Lewin Brzeski ) and Schurgast ( Skorogoszcz ). Finally it flows into the Oder near the village of Riebnig (Rybna) southeast of Brzeg ( Brzeg ) .

There are two reservoirs on the Glatzer Neisse. The Jezioro Otmuchowskie (also Jezioro Zaporowe ; German reservoir Ottmachau) with a size of 20 km² was built between 1926 and 1932. The Jezioro Nyskie (also Jezioro Głębinowskie ; German reservoir of Neisse) with 22 km² of water was built in 1971, including the places Głębinów (Glumpenau), Roßhof and Miedniki (Kupferhammer) were flooded.

Plans to define the course of the river as the German-Polish border

During the Second World War, the Allies talked about the Glatzer Neisse as the future border river between Poland and Germany . This would have meant that a large part of Silesia, including the provincial capital, Breslau, would remain with Germany.

On the basis of the demand made by the Soviet ruler Josef Stalin against the Polish government-in-exile based in London for the Curzon Line to be established as the western border of the Soviet Union , the government-in-exile developed the idea of ​​a Polish western border along the Oder and Neisse rivers, but without affecting the eastern areas Poland as of September 1, 1939. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill showed his approval of Stalin's plans at the Tehran conference by marking Poland's post-war borders with three matches. Since the government-in-exile refused to agree to this redefinition, Stalin created a fait accompli with the installation of the Lublin Committee as the Polish government. In a secret agreement of July 26, 1944 , this government recognized the Curzon Line and called for a future western border along the Oder and Lusatian Neisse rivers . At the Yalta Conference , Poland's new eastern border was recognized by the Allies, but no agreement has yet been reached on the future western border because of the expulsion and the problems arising from it. The western allies initially assumed the German eastern borders from 1937, but soon accepted the separation of East Prussia and Western Pomerania as well as parts of Upper and Lower Silesia .

Assuming the formation of a bourgeois, democratic Polish state and free elections, Great Britain and the USA finally agreed reluctantly in October 1944 that the course of the western border of Poland should not follow the Glatzer but the Lusatian Neisse, and thus almost all of Silesia would become Polish to let. Churchill expressed his concerns with the remark: “You shouldn't stuff the Polish goose so full of German food that it gets a stomach ache.” This temporary German-Polish border was initially fixed at the Potsdam Conference in 1945, and by the GDR in 1950 in the Görlitz Agreement and recognized by the Federal Republic of Germany in 1970 as part of the Ostpolitik under Federal Chancellor Willy Brandt , then finally after the reunification of Germany in 1990 (see also Oder-Neisse border ).

Web links

Commons : Glatzer Neiße  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Glatzer Neisse  - travel guide