Sudeten
| Sudeten | ||
|---|---|---|
 Schneekoppe (Śnieżka pol.) - the highest peak in the Sudeten |
||
| Highest peak | Schneekoppe ( 1603 m npm ) | |
| location | Poland, Czech Republic (map below), Germany (small part) | |
|
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| Coordinates | 50 ° 44 ′ N , 15 ° 44 ′ E | |
The Sudetes ( Polish: Sudety , Czech. Krkonošsko-jesenická subprovincie , Krkonošsko-jesenická soustava or, more rarely, Sudety ) are a mountain range between Silesia and Bohemia and connect the Ore Mountains with the Carpathians . Most of them run in the Czech-Polish border area and form the north-eastern border of the Bohemian Basin between the Zittau Basin and the Moravian Gate .
The Sudetes are divided into several massifs, of which the Giant Mountains and the Jeseníky Mountains are the most striking. The entire mountain range is 310 km long and 30 to 50 km wide. Its highest point is the Schneekoppe in the Giant Mountains with 1603 m npm
structure
The Sudetes are divided into three main sections (West, Central and East Sudetes), which in turn are divided into further sub-units (see sketch and table).
- The West Sudetes are the western part of the mountain range and belong to Germany , the Czech Republic and Poland . The highest elevation - at the same time of the entire Sudeten Arc - is the Schneekoppe at 1603 m.
- The Middle Sudetes are the mountain range around the town of Wałbrzych (Waldenburg) in Poland. Significant hard coal deposits can be found in the Waldenburger Bergland and the Owl Mountains . The highest point is the Deschneyer Großkoppe in the Eagle Mountains with 1115 meters.
- The inner Sudetian depression is interwoven with the middle Sudetes. Their fringes are the Waldenburger and the Heuscheuergebirge , the Adler-, Habelschwerdter and Glatzer Schneegebirge as well as the Reichensteiner and the Eulengebirge in the Eastern Sudetes.
- The East Sudetes (also Jeseníky , Czech: Jeseníky ) are the partial mountains in Silesia and Moravian Silesia , Czech Republic. The highest point is the Altvater (Czech Praděd , pronunciation : [ ˈpraɟɛt ], Polish Pradziad ) with 1492 meters.
There are various basin landscapes between the mountain ranges; for example the Hirschberger Tal and the Glatzer Kessel .
High Sudetes (Czech Vysoké Sudety , Polish Wysokie Sudety ) is the collective name for the Giant Mountains , Glatzer Schneegebirge and Hohes Gesenke (Jeseníky Mountains ).
| No. | German | Czech | Polish |
|---|---|---|---|
| West Sudetes | Krkonošská oblast / Zapadní Sudety |
Sudety Zachodnie | |
| 1 | West Lusatian hills and mountains | Západolužické podhůří | Pogórze Zachodniołużyckie |
| 2 | Upper Lusatian climes | Lužická niva | Płaskowyż Budziszyński |
| 3 | Lusatian highlands | Šluknovská pahorkatina / Lužická hornatina |
|
| 4th | Eastern Upper Lusatia | Žitavská pánev / Liberecká pánev |
Obniżenie Żytawsko-Zgorzeleckie |
| 5 |
Lusatian Mountains / Zittau Mountains |
Lužické hory | Góry Łużyckie |
| 6th | Jizera Mountains foreland | Frýdlantská pahorkatina | Pogórze Izerskie |
| 7th | Jizera Mountains | Jizerské hory | Góry Izerskie |
| 8th | Jeschken Kosakow Comb | Ještědsko-kozákovský hřbet | Grzbiet Jesztiedzki |
| 9 | Bober-Katzbach foothills | Kačavské podhůří | Pogórze Kaczawskie |
| 10 | Bober-Katzbach Mountains | Kačavské hory | Góry Kaczawskie |
| 11 | Hirschberg Valley | Jelenohorská kotlina | Kotlina Jeleniogórska |
| 12 | Landeshuter ridge | Janovické Rudavy / Janovické rudohoří |
Rudawy Janowickie |
| 13 |
Giant Mountains (including Rehorn Mountains ) |
Krkonoše | Karkonosze |
| 14th | Giant Mountains foreland | Krkonošské podhůří | Podgórze Karkonoskie |
| 15th | Pogórze Wałbrzyskie | ||
| Medium brews | Orlická oblast / Střední Sudety |
Sudety Środkowe | |
| 16 | Striegau Mountains | Wzgórza Strzegomskie | |
| 17th | Obniżenie Podsudeckie | ||
| 18th | Równina Świdnicka | ||
| 19th | Zobten Mountains | Masyw Ślęży | |
| 20th | Waldenburger Bergland | Valbřišské hory | Góry Wałbrzyskie |
| 21st |
Waldenburger Bergland (including Rabengebirge ) |
Javoří hory / Vraní hory | Góry Kamienne |
| 22nd | Liebauer Tor | Broumovská vrchovina | Brama Lubawska |
| 23 | Owl Mountains | Soví hory | Góry as well as |
| 24 | Neuroderm sink | Obniżenie Nowej Rudy | |
| 25th | Steinetal | Broumovská vrchovina | Obniżenie Ścinawki |
| 26th |
Heuscheuergebirge / Politzer Bergland |
Broumovská vrchovina | Góry Stołowe |
| 27 | Wzgórza Niemczańsko-Strzelińskie | ||
| 28 | Weidenau lowlands | Vidnavská nížina | Obniżenie Otmuchowskie |
| 29 | Weidenau hill country | Vidnavská nížina | Przedgórze Paczkowskie |
| 30th | Friedeberger Bergland | Žulovská pahorkatina | Przedgórze Paczkowskie |
| 31 | Warthagebirge | Góry Bardzkie | |
| 32 | Glatzer boiler | Kladská kotlina | Kotlina Kłodzka |
| 33 | Habelschwerdter Mountains | Bystřické hory | Góry Bystrzyckie |
| 34 | Eagle Mountains | Orlické hory | Góry Orlickie |
| Eastern Sudetes | Jesenická oblast / Východní Sudety |
Sudety Wschodnie | |
| 35 | Reichensteiner Mountains | Rychlebské hory | Góry złote |
| 36 |
Glatzer Schneegebirge (incl. Bielengebirge ) |
Králický Sněžník | Masyw Śnieżnika |
| 37 | Zuckmanteler Bergland / Oppagebirge | Zlatohorská vrchovina | Góry Opawskie |
| 38 | Jeseníky Mountains (Hohes Gesenke) | Hrubý Jesenik | Wysoki Jesionik |
| 39 | Hannsdorfer Bergland | Hanušovická vrchovina | |
| 40 | Müglitzer furrow | Mohelnická brazda | |
| 41 | Hohenstädter Bergland | Zábřežská vrchovina | |
| 42 | Lower Jesen | Nízký Jeseník | Niski Jesionik |
Characteristic
Mixed forest prevails in valleys . From 600 m there is a spruce forest . From 1200 meters (tree line) alpine farming is practiced, occasionally raised bogs can be found .
The precipitation-rich Sudetes are an important watershed . Important source rivers are the Elbe ( Labe ) and the Oder ( Odra ). The north is drained over the Oder to the Baltic Sea , the south over the Elbe to the North Sea and the southeast over the March ( Morava ) to the Danube ( Dunaj ) into the Black Sea . Snow-sure winters are the basis for an important winter sports area (especially the Giant Mountains). Hiking and recreational tourism are also important areas. Traditional industries are weaving , glass manufacturing , paper industry and textile industry .
History of the term
The name Sudeten was derived from the name Soudeta ore (German possibly wild boar mountains ), which the Greek geographer Claudius Ptolemy used in 150 for today's northern Czech mountains.
The German minority in Czechoslovakia , the Sudeten Germans , was named after the Sudetes between 1918 and 1938 . Their settlement area was called Sudetenland , but included not only the area of the Sudetes, but the entire border area of Czechoslovakia to the German Empire and Austria .
After the Second World War, the term Sudety was avoided in Czechoslovakia, and since 1979 people spoke more of the Krkonošsko-jesenická subprovincie (roughly "Giant Mountains- Jeseníky Mountains") for the Sudetes (and since 1945 one spoke more of the pohraniční území ("border area") ) for Sudetenland) in order to avoid the aural proximity of the term to the Sudeten German minority.
In the field of geosciences, the term "Sudeten", mostly in word combinations, is a common term. Well-known examples are the northern structural unit of the Bohemian Massif , which is known as the západosudetská oblast (West Sudet Zone), or the West Sudet Island ( západosudetský ostrov ). The západosudetská oblast , a regional geological section, includes the Giant and Jizera Mountains and parts of the Lusatia. The term sudetské mladší paleozoic (Sudetian Young Paleozoic ) is common for lithofacial units of Permian age in the foreland of these mountains . Another geological structural unit of outstanding importance is the Inner Sudetian Basin ( Czech vnitrosudetská pánev ; Polish Niecka śródsudecka ). Other uses for special purposes are common (sudetské fáze / Sudetian phase [of the variscous ]). The use of the term "Sudeten" is in the technical language of Czech geoscientists in continuity and in this regard beyond the national borders recognized state of science .
literature
- Wilhelm Scharenberg and Friedrich Wimmer: Handbook for travelers to the Sudeten with special consideration for friends of the natural sciences and visitors to Silesian medicinal springs . 3rd edition, Berlin 1862 ( digitized version ).
- Walther Dressler: The Silesian Mountains. Volume 1: Giant and Jizera Mountains, Bober-Katzbach Mountains, Landeshuter Bergland. Storm travel guide, Berlin 1931
- Bernhard Pollmann: Giant Mountains with Jizera Mountains. Rother hiking guide, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-7633-4222-2 .
- Judith Leister: The Taste of Home - Seventy years after the end of the war, the Sudeten German Museum was built . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung, international edition, features section, December 1, 2016, p. 20 ( online )
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Schneekoppe in the Giant Mountains higher than expected. In: RP Online , February 12, 2014
- ↑ Ptolemy, Geography 2.11.7; 2.11.23: Σούδητα ὄρη ( Soúdēta orē )
- ^ Ivo Chlupáč et al .: Geologická minulost České Republiky . Praha (Academia) 2002. pp. 14, 173, 187, 209, 265 ISBN 80-200-0914-0 .
- ↑ Vnitrosudetské pánev, description on the website of the Masaryk University in Brno
- ↑ Permokarbonské vnitřní molasové pánve. Description on the website of TU Ostrava, Engineering Geological Institute
- ↑ Geopark VNITROSUDETSKÁ PÁNEV VIŽŇOV (website of the Meziměstí Primary School), 2010 ( memento of the original from October 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
