Lubawka

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Lubawka
Coat of arms of Lubawka
Lubawka (Poland)
Lubawka
Lubawka
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Kamienna Góra
Area : 22.40  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 42 ′  N , 16 ° 0 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 42 ′ 29 "  N , 15 ° 59 ′ 38"  E
Residents : 6028
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 58-420
Telephone code : (+48) 75
License plate : DKA
Economy and Transport
Street : E261 Lubawka - Bolków
Rail route : Sędzisław – Lubawka
Jaroměř – Lubawka
Next international airport : Wroclaw
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Surface: 138.08 km²
Residents: 10,901
(June 30, 2019)
Population density : 79 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 0207033
Administration (as of 2020)
Mayor : Ewa Kocemba
Address: pl. Wolności 1
58-420 Lubawka
Website : www.lubawka.net.pl



Lubawka [ lu'bafka ] (German Liebau i. Schlesien ) is a town in the powiat Kamiennogórski ( Landeshut district ) in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. It is the seat of the urban and rural community of the same name .

Geographical location

Liebau south of Landeshut on a map from 1905

The city is located in Lower Silesia , nine kilometers south of Kamienna Góra ( Landeshut ) between the Giant Mountains , the Raben Mountains and the Waldenburger Bergland .

South of the city is the 516 m high mountain pass “Liebauer Tor” ( Brama Lubawska in Polish , Lubavská brána in Czech ), which has been important since the earliest times due to its connection from Silesia to Bohemia , as it is a trade route from northern to southern Europe led. The border with the Czech Republic is three kilometers south. For hikers Lubawka is a popular starting point in the Adršpach-Teplice Rocks (Czech Adršpašsko-Teplice Rocks ). The Giant Mountains National Park, the Kruczy Kamień Reserve in the Raven Mountains and the Grüssau Monastery are nearby . The highest mountain in the area is Łysocina ( piston mountain ) at 1188 m on the piston ridge of the Giant Mountains.

history

Ring with town hall and Nepomuk statue

After the monks of the Benedictine monastery Grüssau, which had been founded by the Opatowitz monastery , had not succeeded in colonizing the area, Duke Bolko I von Löwenberg-Jauer bought the Grüssau goods from the Opatowitz abbot in 1289 and also received them from King Wenceslaus II . the city Schomberg bestowed with some villages. In 1292 Bolko I founded the Grüssau Cistercian monastery , to which he allocated extensive land and, in addition to a settlement occupied in 1284, the "new town of Liebau" ("nova civitas Lubavia"), which served the monastery as an economic center. The city was unfortified and legally equal to the other ducal cities. The road from the Bohemian Trautenau to the Silesian state hat ran across the elongated market . For 1293 one is bailiff proved in 1360 that lay advocacies at the monastery Grüssau containing up to secularisation in 1810 remained in the possession of Liebau.

After the death of Duke Bolko II. In 1368, Liebau and the Duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer came under inheritance law to the Bohemian King Wenceslaus , who was a son of Duchess Anna von Schweidnitz . However, until her death in 1392 , Bolkos II's widow Agnes von Habsburg had the usufruct of the now Bohemian hereditary principality of Schweidnitz-Jauer. During the Hussite Wars , the city was destroyed several times between 1425 and 1431. In 1526 Silesia came to the Habsburgs together with the Crown of Bohemia . During this time the textile industry developed. The weavers of the Stiftsdörfer were obliged to sell their products on the Liebau weekly and linen market. Economic development was interrupted by the Thirty Years War . There was a renewed economic boom in the 18th century, although the entire city burned down on October 11, 1734 and severe floods occurred in 1736 and 1737.

After the First Silesian War in 1742, Liebau fell to Prussia, along with most of Silesia . Trade flourished due to the increase in handicraft businesses as well as cloth and stocking manufacturers. For the year 1784 101 linen weavers are recorded in Liebau. Their unsocial working conditions led to weaver riots in 1793 . After the reorganization of Prussia, the municipality of Liebau had belonged to the province of Silesia since 1815 and was incorporated into the Landeshut district from 1816 to 1945. In 1848 a fire destroyed most of the city. In 1857 a mechanical weaving mill was put into operation, followed by four more. With the opening of the Ruhbank - Liebau railway line in 1869, the city was connected to the railway network. The line was extended in 1875 by the south-north German connecting railway to Josefstadt in Bohemia. In 1873 a glassworks went into operation. The economic crisis after the First World War was partly offset by increasing tourism.

During the Second World War a camp for forced laborers was established, and in 1944 a branch of the Groß-Rosen concentration camp was set up, in which 500 Jewish women were imprisoned. After the end of the war, Liebau and almost all of Silesia were placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying forces in 1945 . She introduced the Polish place name Lubawka . The German population was expelled from 1945 to 1947 .

In 1961 the number of inhabitants was 6481. From 1975 to 1998 Lubawka belonged to the Jelenia Góra Voivodeship . The railway line was shut down in 2004, the representative classicist station building, which expressed the importance of the former Liebau border station, fell into ruin after a fire.

Population development

year Residents Remarks
1890 5,036 thereof 1,332 Evangelicals, 3,684 Catholics and 19 Jews
1933 5,556
1939 5,700
1961 6,481

local community

The districts ( official German names until 1945 ) belong to the rural community of Lubawka :

Districts of Lubawka are

  • Ullersdorf was renamed "Ulanowice" in 1945 and later linked to the city of Lubawka as the "Ulanowice (Podlesie)" district.
  • Jurkowice ( Grüssauisch Dittersbach )

Attractions

High altar
  • Most of the houses on the Ring ( Rynek ) date from the 17th and 18th centuries. The arcades are only partially preserved.
  • The town hall was built in the baroque style in 1725 according to plans by the architect Felix Anton Hammerschmidt. The figure of St. Johann von Nepomuk on the corner of the building dates from 1727, the neo-Gothic spire from 1864.
  • The Parish Church of the Assumption ( Kośćiół Wnieboszięcia NMP ) was built at the end of the 15th century on the site of a previous building and rebuilt in 1609-1615. From 1735–1736 the monastery master builder Joseph Anton Jentsch made it Baroque . The furnishings were also created by artists from the Grüssau workshop: Joseph Anton Lachel the main altar, Felix Anton Scheffler several oil paintings. The pulpit dates from the 17th century, the baptismal font and numerous groups of figures and the sculpture of St. Barbara in front of the church date from the 18th century.
  • The two-story rectory was built around 1735 and rebuilt in the 19th century. Inside there are ceiling paintings with allegorical scenes.
  • The parish church of St. Anna ( Kośćiół Św. Anny ) originally served as a cemetery chapel and was consecrated to the Holy Cross. It was built between 1696 and 1698 under Abbot Dominicus Geyer and is attributed to the master builder Martin Urban. The main altar from 1803 contains a figure of St. Anna herself third from the 1st quarter of the 16th century. The side altars date from 1702, the sculptures on the consoles from the beginning of the 18th century.
  • East of the city on the "Holy Mountain" there are stations of the cross and chapels from 1822. The sculptures were created by the sculptor Johann Sühardt.

sons and daughters of the town

  • Lubawka (Liebau)

  • Arbor houses on the Ring

  • Arbor houses on the Ring

  • Arcade

  • View of Liebau with the old linen factory and the tower of the parish church

  • Ruins of the train station

  • Parish Church of the Assumption

  • Parish church, baroque interior

  • Parish church, baroque pulpit

  • Barbara statue in front of the parish church

  • Arcade

  • John Nepomuk statue

literature

Web links

Commons : Lubawka  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. landeshut.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).