Opatovice Monastery

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The Opatovice Monastery (German Opatowitz Monastery ; Latin Cella Opathovicensis ) was a Benedictine abbey in Eastern Bohemia that perished in the Hussite Wars . It stood in the northeast of today's Opatovice .

history

The monastery was founded in 1073 as a branch of the Benedictine Order and settled with monks from the Břevnov monastery . The founding deed, which is said to be a forgery, is kept in the Upper Austrian State Museum in Linz . Some researchers assume that it was only founded in 1086 by King Vratislav II . From the beginning, the villages of Opatovice, Osice , Vysoká and Přelouč were designated to endow the monastery . In 1129 Stolany , Lohenice, Březhrad , Dolany , and Stěžery were added.

In 1151 the Benedictines from the Hradisch monastery also settled in Opatowitz , which they had to leave after it had been handed over to the Premonstratensian order by the Olomouc bishop Heinrich Zdik . From there they brought the Hradischer Chronik with them, which they continued in Opatowitz.

The first known monastery ruler was 1148–1163 Abbot Mysloch. He was ordained a priest by the Prague Bishop Daniel I. He is said to have been in Cluny in the early 1150s . On his return he built new monastery buildings and a stone monastery church.

After the Silesian Duke Heinrich II. The Pious was killed in the Battle of Wahlstatt in 1241 , the Duchesses Hedwig of Silesia and Anna of Bohemia founded a Benedictine prophecy on the battlefield , which they entrusted to monks from Opatowitz. The provost's office should serve as a piece of equipment for the slain duke.

The Grüssau ( Křesobor ) monastery , founded in 1242 by the Duchess Anna of Bohemia, was also settled by Benedictine monks from Opatowitz, who received it with the order to colonize the area. In 1289, however, Abbot Tschaska had to do without the Grüssau Provosty when Duke Bolko I planned the establishment of the Cistercian order there, the founding deed of which was drawn up in 1292. The villages of Rusik ( Rauske ) and Drobnossowe ( Dromsdorf ) near Striegau , located in the Duchy of Schweidnitz , remained in Opatowitz ownership.

Before 1250, the daughter monastery Heinrichsau was built in the upper Elbe valley between Klášterská Lhota and Dobrá Mysl, which later became the provost of Wrchlab . It went under at the beginning of the Hussite Wars.

After the death of the abbot Hroznata z Lipoltic († 1347), Jan Neplach was his successor in 1348 . He was one of the closest advisers to Emperor Charles IV and also maintained a trusting relationship with Prague Archbishop Ernst von Pardubitz , who consecrated the newly built Maria Magdalena Altar of the monastery church. In 1352 Charles IV renewed the privileges for the monastery, which also included jurisdiction over the monastic estates and their subjects. The next monastery rulers were 1371–1389 Jan z Orle and 1389–1415 Peter Lazur.

At the end of the 14th century, another Opatowitz provost's office was built in Přelouč, which belonged to the monastery property.

After King Wenceslas IV had promised the income of the Opatowitz monastery to repay his debts to John Městecký von Opočno but did not pay him, Městecký had the monastery raided by his troops and robbed in the night of November 1st, 1415. Abbot Peter Lazur was killed in the attack.

In 1421 the Hussites under Diviš Bořek z Miletínka attacked the monastery and looted it. It was then burned down. The monks fled to Neumarkt in Silesia , where they had already been given patronage over the Marienspital in 1349 by the Wroclaw Bishop Preczlaw von Pogarell . Here they founded a provost house, in which the Opatowitz abbots now resided. The last abbot was Gregor II. Rüdiger. Because no successor could be found for him in 1535, the Neumarkt and Wahlstatt provosts were drafted by the Liegnitz Duke Friedrich II .

The mother monastery Opatowitz was not rebuilt after the destruction of 1421.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ W. Hieke: To the history of Hohenelbe. 1. Where was the Opatowitz Propstei Wrchlab? In: Communications of the Association for the History of the Germans in Boehmen, Vol. 33, 1895, p. 266.
  2. ↑ P. Ambrosius Rose: Grüssau Monastery . Stuttgart 1974, ISBN 3-8062-0126-9
  3. ↑ Zdeňka Hledíková : Arnošt z Pardubic , Vyšehrad 2008, ISBN 978-80-7021-911-9 , p. 238.

Coordinates: 50 ° 9 ′ 2.7 ″  N , 15 ° 47 ′ 51.9 ″  E