Monastery chief

Fireback with coat of arms of Philip de la NEUFORGE, Abbot in Echternach (1667-1684)

The monastery or monastery chief is the superior ( superior ) of a monastery or monastery . In a secular pen ( Frauenstift , Kollegiatstift ) the designation is mostly abbess or provost . Otherwise the title differs according to church , order , congregation , region, branch and time.

Roman Catholic Church

In the Roman Catholic Church , the orders use the following names:

medal	Monastery chief	Head of the monastery	comment
Antonite Order	prior	-
Augustinian Canons / Choir Women	Abbot , prior	Abbess , Prioress	The former title in Romansh , the latter in German-speaking countries
Augustinian Hermits / -Innen	Prior, superior of the house	prioress	the former title at Konvent , the latter at Haus
Benedictine / -Innen	Abbot, prior	Abbess, master, prioress	Titling Prior in the case of lower rank settlements
Dominican / -Innen	Prior, superior	prioress	the former title at Konvent, the latter at Haus
Franciscan	Guardian , Preses	-	the former title at the convent, the latter at the residence
Order of the Holy Spirit	prior	-
Jesuit	Local superior	-
Capuchin -Innen /	Guardian, Preses	?	the former title at the convent, the latter at the residence
Carmelites / -Innen	Prior, Vicar , Superior	Prioress with the rank of major superior	male title depending on the number of religious and the importance of the house
Chartreux / -Innen	prior	prioress
Poor Clares	-	abbess
Paulaner / -Innen	proofreader	?
Prämonstratenser / -Innen	Abbot, provost	Abbess, master, provess	the latter title in Zirkarie Sachsen
Order of knights	Commander , prior	-	the latter title with subordinate priory
Trappist / -Innen	Abbot, prior	Abbess, Prioress	Titling Prior / -in in the case of lower-ranking settlement
Cistercian / -Innen	Abbot, prior	Abbess, Prioress	Titling Prior in the case of lower rank settlements

Orthodox Church

In the Orthodox and Catholic Eastern Churches , the monastery chief is called Archimandrite or Hegumen .

Protestant church

The monastery heads of the rather rare Protestant communities have mostly retained the (honor) title of the superiors of former Catholic monasteries, e.g. B. Abbot of Loccum , formerly OCist Abbey.

literature

• Peter Dinzelbacher , James Lester Hogg (Ed.): Cultural history of the Christian orders in individual representations . Alfred Kröner Verlag, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-520-45001-1 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Barbara Henze: Ladies' pen . In: Lexicon for Theology and Church (LexThK). 2nd volume. Barclay to Damodos . Special edition of the 3rd edition, Verlag Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 2006, ISBN 978-3-451-22012-8 , Sp. 1387.
2. ^ Hans-Joachim Schmidt: Monasteries, monasteries and orders in the Mark Brandenburg . In: Heinz-Dieter Heimann , Klaus Neitmann , Winfried Schich and others (eds.): Brandenburgisches Klosterbuch. Handbook of the monasteries, pens and commander by the mid-16th century. Volume I (= Klaus Neitmann on behalf of the Brandenburg Historical Commission and in connection with the Brandenburg State Main Archive [Hrsg.]: Brandenburg Historical Studies . Volume 14). 2 volumes, Be.Bra Wissenschaft Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-937233-26-0 , V. Catching up a deficit with new orders: Cistercians and Premonstratensians, pp. 24-28, Premonstratensians: pp. 26-28.