Chełmsko Śląskie
Chełmsko Śląskie | ||
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![]() historical coat of arms |
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Basic data | ||
State : | Poland | |
Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | |
Powiat : | Kamienna Góra | |
Gmina : | Lubawka | |
Geographic location : | 50 ° 40 ′ N , 16 ° 4 ′ E | |
Height : | 540 m npm | |
Residents : | 2175 (2011) | |
Postal code : | 58-407 | |
Telephone code : | (+48) 75 | |
License plate : | DKA | |
Economy and Transport | ||
Next international airport : | Wroclaw |
Chełmsko Śląskie [ ˈxɛwmskɔ ˈɕlɔ̃skʲiɛ ] (German Schömberg ) is a place in the powiat Kamiennogórski ( Landeshuter District ) in the Polish Voivodeship of Lower Silesia .
geography
Geographical location
The village is located in Lower Silesia , 14 kilometers south of Kamienna Góra ( Landeshut ) and six kilometers southeast of Lubawka ( Liebau ), to whose municipality it belongs.
The place is located in the headwaters of the rivers Bober and Zadrna ( Zieder ). Approx. The border with the Czech Republic runs two kilometers southeast.
Neighboring places
Neighboring towns are Olszyny ( Erlendorf ) and Jawiszów ( Kleinhennersdorf ) in the north, Dobromyśl ( Kindelsdorf ) and Kochanów ( Trautliebersdorf ) in the northeast, Rożana ( Rosenau ) and Mieroszów ( Friedland ) in the east, Uniemyśl ( Berthelsdorf ) and Okrzeszyn ( Albendorf ) in the south, Błażejów ( Blasdorf b. Schömberg ) in the west and Ulanowice-Podlesie ( Ullersdorf ) in the northwest.
history
Schömberg belonged to Bohemia in the earliest times and was probably founded around 1275 by the Moravian nobleman Egidius von Aupa und Schwabenitz , who had also colonized the neighboring area of Trautenau . Together with the villages of Kindelsdorf , Trautliebersdorf , Michelsdorf and Königshan , the Bohemian King Wenzel II gave “Shonenberch” to Duke Bolko I von Löwenberg-Jauer in 1289 . In 1343 Schömberg was owned by Jeriko von Ysenberg and Prsech von Guttenstein. This year they sold it with all rights, uses and the right of patronage over the church and the villages of Votysdorff ( Vogtsdorf ), Burchardisdorff, Blasienesdorff, Caczbach ( Katzbach ), Lutoldisdorff and Ludewigisdorf for 280 Prague groschen to the Grüssau monastery and the Conrad Juvenis of Czirnais . According to the contract, his share of the goods should also go to the Grüssau monastery after his death. The purchase was confirmed by Bolko II on October 20, 1343. After Czirna's death, the monastery was the sole owner of Schömberg. After the death of Duke Bolko II, Schömberg fell to the Bohemian King Wenceslaus IV of inheritance law together with the Duchy of Schweidnitz , with Bolko's widow Agnes von Habsburg having a usufruct until her death in 1392 . In church terms, Schömberg belonged to the Archdiocese of Prague until around 1500 and was then added to the Archdiocese of Breslau .
In 1426 the non-fortified city was destroyed by the Hussites . From the 16th century, linen and cloth weaving developed. After it had apparently lost its city rights, these were renewed in 1580 by Emperor Rudolf II in his capacity as King of Bohemia. At the same time he confirmed the privileges for a weekly and a fair. After the Grüssau abbot Martin Chavaei was murdered in Schömberg in 1620 because of the religious turmoil prevailing at the time, it again lost its town charter between 1621 and 1629. In the course of the recatholization after the Thirty Years War , several baroque buildings were erected in Schömberg under Abbot Bernardus Rosa . Linen weaving developed as a result of the economic upswing, so that linen markets were held from 1698 onwards. During this time the weavers' settlement with the wooden arbor houses of the "Twelve Apostles" and the "Seven Brothers" was built.
Together with Silesia, Schömberg came to Prussia after the First Silesian War in 1742 . The linen trade, which mainly exported to the Habsburg countries, suffered heavy losses due to the border situation. This is probably why there were weavers' unrest in Schömberg in 1793 . In 1810 the monastery property was secularized . After the reorganization of Prussia, Schömberg belonged to the province of Silesia since 1815 and was incorporated into the Landeshut district from 1816 to 1945. In the last quarter of the 19th century, three textile factories were built in Schömberg. Nevertheless, there are still 149 house weavers recorded in 1913. In 1899 Schömberg received a railway connection to the Ziedertal Railway .
After the Second World War , in 1945, like almost all of Silesia, Schömberg was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power . The place was given the Polish name Chełmsko Śląskie . The local German population was subsequently expelled from Schömberg by the local Polish administrative authority . At the same time, the village lost its city status and was then severely neglected in the post-war years. From 1957 to 1972 it had the status of a city-like settlement, but was downgraded to a village in 1972.
1975-1998 the village belonged to the Jelenia Góra Voivodeship .
Population development
year | Residents | Remarks |
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1933 | 2,077 | |
1939 | 2,096 |
Attractions
- The parish church of St. Josef (now the Holy Family ) was built on the site of an earlier building between 1670 and 1680 according to plans by Martino Allio as a foundation by Abbot Bernardus Rosa from Grüssau. The tower was built between 1690 and 1691. It has a rich baroque interior that was created by artists from the Grüssauer workshops. The main altar, the tabernacle and several sculptures are by Joseph Anton Lachel . The pulpit was created in 1686 by Georg Schrötter , the painting of St. Innocent 1734 Georg Wilhelm Neunhertz and the paintings of the Stations of the Cross 1751 Felix Anton Scheffler . Several epitaphs from the 18th century.
- The old rectory was renovated in 1575 and rebuilt in 1730. It later served as a parish school.
- The new rectory with a hipped roof and heraldic cartouche of the Grüssau Cistercians was built in 1748.
- The stone arbor houses on the Ring date from the 18th century.
- The baroque fountain is decorated with a statue of the Bohemian national saint John of Nepomuk .
- The construction of the wooden arbor houses "Twelve Apostles", which served as a weaver's settlement, was donated in 1707 by the Grüssau Cistercian Abbey. Only eleven houses have survived.
- The group of houses of the "Seven Brothers" was built in 1763 for the settlement of Bavarian damask weavers. In 1952 three houses burned down.
- The St. Anna chapel ( about two kilometers northeast ) was built in 1669.
literature
- Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , pp. 116-123.
- Dehio Handbook of Art Monuments in Poland: Silesia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-422-03109-X , pp. 452-460.
Web links
- Początek (Chełmsko Śląskie): Historia history. Stowarzyszenie na Rzecz Rozwoju Chełmska Śląskiego, March 16, 2002, archived from the original on May 26, 2009 (Polish).
- Chełmsko Śląskie. In: polska-org.pl. Wratislaviae Amici(Polish, historical and current views and geographical location).
- Manfred Schürmann: Schömberg. In: landeshut.de. October 4, 2002 (historical postcard images).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population 2011
- ↑ P. Ambrosius Rose: Grüssau Monastery . Stuttgart 1974, ISBN 3-8062-0126-9 , pp. 30-31
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. landeshut.html # ew39lhisschoemb. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).