Královec
| Královec | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Královéhradecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Trutnov | ||||
| Area : | 994 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 40 ′ N , 15 ° 58 ′ E | ||||
| Height: | 512 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 190 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 542 03 | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Trutnov - Lubawka | ||||
| Railway connection: |
Jaroměř – Lubawka Královec – Žacléř |
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| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Helmut Anders (as of 2013) | ||||
| Address: | Královec 78 542 03 Královec |
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| Municipality number: | 530808 | ||||
| Website : | www.obeckralovec.cz | ||||
Královec (German Königshan ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located 14 kilometers northeast of Trutnov ( Trautenau ) on the border with Poland and belongs to the Okres Trutnov .
geography
Královec is located at the western foot of the Raven Mountains and is traversed by the Černý potok ( Schwarzbach ). To the southeast rises the 880 m high Královecký Špičák ( Königshaner Spitzberg ), to the east the 843 m high Szeroka ( wide mountain ). In the northeast lies between the eastern foothills of the Giant Mountains and the Raven Mountains of the Královecké sedlo (Polish Przełęcz Lubawska , German Liebauer Pass ), over which the state border between Poland and the Czech Republic runs. The Královecký průsmyk ( Koenigshaner Pass ), located south of the village, runs between the Rehorn Mountains and the Raben Mountains and forms the watershed between the Elbe and Oder . The Černý potok flows north and flows into the Bober in Lubawka ( Liebau ) ; while the Dlouhá Voda ( Langengrundwasser ) coming from Královecký Špičák feeds its water over the Ličná ( Litsche ) to the Elbe.
State road 16 leads through Královec from Trutnov to Lubawka, there is a border crossing on the Liebauer Pass. The village lies on the railway line from Trutnov to Žacléř ( Schatzlar ), the cross-border route to Lubawka is no longer used regularly.
Neighboring towns are Bukówka ( Buchenwald ) in the north, Jurkowice ( Grüssauisch Dittersbach ) Lubawka and Ulanowice-Podlesie ( Ullersdorf ) in the northeast, Olszyny ( alder village ), Błażejów ( Blasdorf ) and Chełmsko Śląskie ( Schömberg ) to the east, Vrchova ( moat ) and Bernatice ( Bernsdorf ) in the south, Lampertice ( Lampersdorf ) in the southwest, Nové Domky and Černá Voda ( Schwarzwasser ) in the west and Szczepanów ( Tschöpsdorf ) in the northwest.
history
Königshan was first mentioned in a document in 1289. In that year, the Bohemian King Wenzel II. Königshan, together with the villages of Kindelsdorf , Trautliebersdorf , Michelsdorf and the town of Schömberg, gave it to Duke Bolko I von Löwenberg-Jauer . With the deed of foundation dated September 8, 1292, he left “Künigishain” to the newly founded Cistercian monastery of Grüssau . Thus it was one of the 14 villages that, together with the city of Liebau, were transferred to the monastery with all taxes, rights and duties and formed the basis of the Stiftsland. In 1328 Abbot Heinrich II handed over the "long deserted" village "Kunigshayn" to Heinrich Buchwald during his lifetime. He was a benefactor of the monastery and undertook to settle and restore the village immediately. For this he was granted a lifelong usufruct and an earth burial in the monastery cemetery. After Buchwald's death it returned to the Stiftsland. In 1515 "Kynigshain" was owned by the Lords of Schumburg . In 1521 it came to the brothers Wilhelm and Johann Kruschina von Lichtenburg , who owned it until 1542. It was then acquired by Christoph von Gendorf , from whom his son-in-law Hans Silber von Pilnikau inherited it and, after his death in 1576, his son Adam.
During the tenure of Abbot Kaspar Albert (1578–1611) from Grüssau , Königshan and the monastery villages of Bernsdorf , Lampersdorf and Potschendorf, which also belong to Bohemia , were sold to the Schatzlar lordship . Together with the Schatzlar rulership, Königshan and the three former Bohemian monastery villages already mentioned came under the Trautenau rulership in 1599 . Königshan, as well as Bernsdorf, Lampersdorf and Potschendorf, sold these to the Grüssau monastery. Emperor Rudolph II confirmed the purchase contract with the stipulation that these villages should remain in Bohemia. In 1617 the abbot and convent Königshan leased together with the three other monastery villages in Bohemia to Heinrich Kapler from Liebau at an annual rate of 1000 thalers . But the inhabitants of these villages wanted to stay with Grüssau Abbey. Presumably for this reason Königshan as well as Bernsdorf, Lampertsdorf and Potschendorf were confiscated by the rebels in 1619. After the Battle of the White Mountains , they were again given to the Grüssau Monastery. In 1622, under Abbot George II, Königshan passed to Jan Rudolf Trčka von Lípa , heir to Schatzlar. His goods were confiscated by Emperor Leopold I after his death in 1635 . The Schatzlar reign, with which Königshan remained connected, was donated by the Emperor to the Jesuits of St. Anna in Vienna in 1636 .
In 1727 the boundary between the possessions of the Grüssau monastery and the Schatzlar dominion was marked with boundary stones, which also marked the border between Bohemia and Silesia. Due to its location on a strategically important pass connection on the Kaiserstraße between Silesia and Bohemia, the place was visited several times by military units. During the Second Silesian War in 1745 several houses in the village were burned down. In 1776 a main customs office was established. On September 12, 1779, Emperor Joseph II visited the village. In the years 1833 and 1835, Tsar Nicholas I stayed three times in the customs house. From 1850 Königshan was part of the Schatzlar judicial district .
In 1866, during the German War, the Prussians camped with 7,000 men in Königshan. In 1868 the main customs office was downgraded to a second class customs office. In the same year the post and telegraph office was established and operations began on August 1st on the section of the railway line of the south-north German connecting line from Schwadowitz to Königshan. The line was extended across the border to Silesia, the first train to Liebau ran on December 29, 1875. In 1882 the Austrian Local Railway Company began building the Königshan Schatzlar local railway with the main aim of connecting the Schatzlar coal works to the railway network. In 1889 the line to Schatzlar went into operation. After Königshain was also used as a place name in the course of the 19th century , the name Königshan was declared official by the Imperial and Royal Ministry of the Interior in 1883 . On May 15, 1927, the 6th Proletarian Border Meeting of German and Czechoslovak Communists took place in Königshan, at which several thousand participants, among others, Ernst Thälmann and Karl Kreibich spoke.
In 1930 the place had 758 inhabitants. After the Munich Agreement , Königshan was added to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the Trautenau district until 1945 . At the end of the Second World War, units of the Wehrmacht pushed over the pass to Bohemia in front of the approaching Red Army. They were followed by treks of refugees and finally the Red Army , which held the pass until 1947.
Attractions
- Church of St. John of Nepomuk, built between 1924 and 1928 by Edmund Schubert from Schatzlar in place of a chapel from 1812
- Statue of St. John of Nepomuk
Sons and daughters of the church
- Emil Schwantner (1890–1956), German sculptor
literature
- P. Ambrosius Rose: Grüssau Monastery. OSB 1242-1289. S ORD CIST 1292-1810. OSB since 1919. Theiss, Stuttgart et al. 1974, ISBN 3-8062-0126-9 .
- Nikolaus von Lutterotti : The 'Bohemian Villages' of the Cistercian monastery Grüssau in Silesia . In: Yearbook of the German Riesengebirgs-Verein 16, 1927, pp. 47–59
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ The statement by the Trautenau chronicler Simon Hüttel , according to which Franz Hirschberger, the owner of the high forest known as Königshain, should have built a Kretscham there in 1007, is unlikely and not proven.