Žacléř

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Žacléř
Coat of arms of ????
Žacléř (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Královéhradecký kraj
District : Trutnov
Area : 2182 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 40 ′  N , 15 ° 55 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 39 ′ 49 ″  N , 15 ° 54 ′ 41 ″  E
Height: 612  m nm
Residents : 3,134 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 542 01
structure
Status: city
Districts: 3
administration
Mayor : Miroslav Vlasák (as of 2007)
Address: Rýchorské náměstí 181
542 01 Žacléř
Municipality number: 579874
Website : www.zacler.cz

Žacléř (German Schatzlar , before Bornflos and Bernstadt ) is a small town in the Okres Trutnov in the Czech Republic.

Geographical location

The city is located in northern Bohemia in the Rehorn Mountains , a southern branch of the Giant Mountains , eleven kilometers north of Trutnov ( Trautenau ).

Neighboring towns are Bobr in the north, Lampertice in the east, Křenov (Krinsdorf) and Zlatá Olešnice in the southeast, Svoboda nad Úpou in the southwest and Horní Maršov in the west. The border with Poland runs north.

history

Schatzlar Castle and Börnstadt, painted by Johann Venuto , 1814
Schatzlar Castle (photo 2004)
town hall
Houses in the city center with the Trinity Church (1732) in the background
Market with arcades and Marian column

Schatzlar was probably created in the 13th century and was initially called Bornflos . After it was raised to the status of a town, it was renamed Bernstadt . Already at the beginning of the 14th century a castle was built above Bernstadt, which was supposed to protect the Trautenauer Steig, over which a trade route led from Prague via Königgrätz to Silesia . Schatzlar Castle was first mentioned in 1334 when it was pledged by the Bohemian King John of Luxembourg and his son and later successor Charles IV to Berthold von Leipa . The name of the castle was subsequently transferred to the town. From 1346 the castle was a fiefdom of the Glatzer burgrave Albrecht von Krenowitz , who had to cede it to the knights Konrad and Ulrich von Wolffersdorf in 1353 . In 1365 Emperor Karl IV transferred Schatzlar together with the Trautenau fief and the city of Königinhof to Duke Bolko II and his wife Agnes . After Bolko's death in 1368, Schatzlar and the Duchy of Schweidnitz returned to the Crown of Bohemia as a settled fief, with Bolko's widow Agnes exercising the rulership rights until her death in 1392. In 1368 Hans von Seidlitz acted as burgrave, who was followed a year later by the Duchess' huntsman, Hinko von Seidlitz.

During the Hussite Wars , Schatzlar Castle served the Silesians as a base to fight the Hussites . After 1436 the castle was often pledged, including in 1440 to Hans von Warnsdorf , who repeatedly undertook armed raids against the Silesian cities from Schatzlar. Although the Silesians managed to acquire some castles and then destroy them, Schatzlar Castle was spared. With the condition that the castle could be entered at any time, the Silesians handed Schatzlar Castle over to the brothers Hans, Kunz and Ulrich Liebenthaler in 1447, followed by Georg and Christoph Zedwitz. They sold the Schatzlar estate to Georg von Podiebrad , who in turn transferred it to Hans von Warnsdorf as a hereditary fief in 1454. In 1471 he gave Schatzlar and 1472 Trautenau to his son-in-law, Friedrich von Schönburg ( Schumburg ), who was governor of the Königgrätzer Kreis . His five sons jointly inherited its property. In 1511 Schatzlar was owned by the brothers Hermann and Karl. In 1521 Herrmann pushed his brother Karl out of joint ownership. Due to over-indebtedness, he had to cede Schatzlar Castle to the brothers Johann and Wilhelm Kruschina von Lichtenburg in the same year , but still retained the right to live in the castle. After he was accused of damaging the country, a punitive expedition under the Bohemian governor Karl von Münsterberg burned the Schatzlar castle down in 1523 . Because of property disputes, the Bohemian and Roman-German King Ferdinand I moved in in 1532 the lordships of Trautenau and Schatzlar. In 1534 he assigned Castle and Herrschaft Schatzlar to Count Johann von Hardegg as an advance payment to the County of Glatz , which Hardegg had previously ceded to the Crown of Bohemia . In the same year Hardegg handed over his claim to the mining captain Christoph von Gendorf , who had owned the Hohenelbe rule since 1533 .

Schatzlar Castle

Gendorf built a renaissance castle on the site of the destroyed castle. In 1551 he ceded the Schatzlar lordship to his daughters, who in fact did not inherit the property until after Gendorf's death in 1563. After disputes between the authorities and the subjects, Emperor Rudolf II dissolved the Schatzlar rule in 1590 and sold it to Gendorf's son-in-law Hermann von Zetritz in 1599 . After the Battle of the White Mountain , the property of the Zetritz family was confiscated by the royal treasury, and in 1622 Schatzlar passed to the Trčka von Lípa family . On his way into exile in Lissa, Poland , Johann Amos Comenius spent the night in February 1628 in Schatzlar, which was then Protestant. It was the last stop on home soil before he left his Bohemian homeland on the Bohemian-Silesian border near Schwarzwasser forever.

Monument to Emperor Joseph II

After the death of Jan Rudolf Trčka von Lípa in 1635, Schatzlar was confiscated by Emperor Ferdinand II and in 1636 transferred to St. Anna's Jesuits in Vienna . Under her rule, the population was re-Catholicized and a new church was built in 1677 and a first school building was built in 1732. The Holy Trinity Church, which was first built by the Baron von Zetritz, was rebuilt from stone by the Jesuits in 1732. During the First Silesian War and the Seven Years' War , the population had to endure military battles and passages as well as billeting. In 1766 Emperor Josef II visited Schatzlar. After the dissolution of the Jesuit order , Schatzlar came to the Religionsfonds in 1773. In 1776 serfdom was lifted. During the War of the Bavarian Succession , Schatzlar Palace was plundered and devastated on July 26, 1778. In 1779 hussars of the Austrian infantry regiment set up camp in Schatzlar, which Emperor Joseph II visited on September 12th of that year. In 1782 a fire destroyed large parts of the city. In 1838 the royal alienation commission sold the Schatzlar castle and manor to Karl Pulpan, knight of Feldstein. After the abolition of patrimonial, Schatzlar formed its own judicial district from 1850 ( judicial district Schatzlar ) and belonged to the Trautenau district .

Hard coal mining was of economic importance, the shafts of which were opened up by Kuttenberg miners from 1795 and in which up to 1,500 miners were employed in the 19th century. A flax yarn spinning mill was founded in 1842 and a new district road from Trautenbach via Schatzlar to Königshan was built between 1858 and 1861 . In the German War of 1866, the 1st Corps of the 2nd Prussian Army marched via Schatzlar to Trautenau. In 1878 the Schatzlar estate was acquired by the Saxon manufacturer Karl August Hesse, who handed it over to his son Adolf. At that time, the Schatzlar rulership included the villages of Bernsdorf with Berggraben , Brettgrund with Wernsdorf , Bober, Königshan, Krinsdorf, Lampersdorf, Potschendorf with pond water and Schwarzwasser. In 1879 Reinhold Pohl set up a porcelain factory. In 1882 the Königshan – Schatzlar rail link was put into operation and the station building was built a year later. The vocational training school was opened in 1892 and a boys' school in 1895. In 1899 Schatzlar was canalized and a year later the aqueduct was built. 1911–1913 the connection to the power station in East Bohemia followed. A “narodní dům” was built for the Czech minority around 1900 and a schoolhouse was built in the early 1930s.

After the First World War , Schatzlar, which was predominantly German-settled, was added to the newly created Czechoslovakia in 1919 . As a result of the Munich Agreement in 1938 Schatzlar became part of the German Empire and belonged until 1945 to the district Trutnov , Region of Usti nad Labem in the Reich District of Sudetenland . In January 1942, a forced labor camp with Jews was set up in Schatzlar. In March 1944, 120 Jewish women from a command from the Parschnitz satellite camp of the Groß-Rosen concentration camp came here .

After the Second World War, the Czech " National Committee " took over the management of the city. In 1945 and 1946, the majority of the German residents were expelled .

In 1900 there were 3,052 inhabitants in Schatzlar, 117 of them Czechs, in 1930 there were 3,611, of which 724 were Czechs.

Demographics

Until 1945, Schatzlar was predominantly populated by German Bohemia , which were expelled.

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1830 1036 in 164 houses
1833 1073 in 164 houses, except for four people in a Jewish family, all Catholics
1844 1135 in 175 houses
1850 approx. 1100
1861 approx. 1100
1900 3052 117 of them are Czechs
1930 3611 including 724 Czechs; according to other data 3559 inhabitants, of which 2695 German
1939 3217
Population since the end of the Second World War
year 1970 1980 1991 2001 2003
Residents 4 608 4 298 3 700 3 633 3 613

Attractions

  • Schatzlar Castle
  • The parish church of the "Most Holy Trinity" was built on the site of a previous wooden building in 1677 by the Jesuits in the Baroque style and rebuilt in 1732 and 1794–1795. The richly decorated main portal and the high altar are attributed to the sculptor Georg Pacák . The high altar and side altars as well as the pulpit were newly decorated and gilded in 1888 at the expense of the pastor Anton Kopp.
  • Wooden houses with arcades
  • The town hall was built around 1800
  • The Marian column on the market square was created by the sculptor Georg Pacák in 1725
  • Monument to Johann Amos Comenius with the inscription: “Zde se loučil s vlasti r. 1628. JA Komenský ”( Here JA Comenius said goodbye to his fatherland in 1628 )
  • Žacléř Mining Museum ( Hornický Skanzen ): until 1992 there was underground coal mining with four shafts. In 2012, the open-cast mine was also closed. The museum is located at the northeast end of the village in the direction of Lampertice. After registering with the gatekeeper, after being dressed in a smock and helmet, there is a 90-minute guided tour through the surface facilities of the sealed shafts: white and black pots, hanging bench, car circulation, hoisting machine houses. It is also possible to climb the sheave frame (52 meters high) of the “Jan Šverma” shaft.

Local division

The city of Žacléř consists of the districts

  • Bobr ( Bober )
  • Prkenný Důl ( Brettgrund ) and
  • Žacléř ( Schatzlar ) and the local locations
  • Rýchory ( Rehorn )
  • Nové Domky ( Neuhäuser )
  • Vizov ( Quintenthal ) and
  • Černá Voda ( black water ).

Vernířovice ( Wernsdorf ) also belongs to the town .

Town twinning

Personalities

literature

  • Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 , pp. 544-545.
  • Friedrich Bernau: Lordship of Schatzlar. In: Schatzlar and its district communities. Marburg / Lahn 1993, pp. 95-105.
  • Karl Prätorius: Comparative Timeline Bohemia – Trautenau – Schatzlar. In: Schatzlar and its district communities. Marburg / Lahn 1993, pp. 617-653.

Web links

Commons : Žacléř  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ↑ not clear whether Zedwitz or Seidlitz, as different information or spellings in the sources
  3. ↑ Joachim Bahlcke, Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical sites. Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition. Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 , p. 864.
  4. ↑ Jaroslaus Schaller : Topography of the Kingdom of Bohemia. Volume 15: Königgrätzer Kreis. Prague and Vienna 1790, pp. 110–112. ( books.google.de ).
  5. ↑ Karl Prätorius: Comparative Timeline Böhmen – Trautenau – Schatzlar. In: Schatzlar and its district communities. Marburg / Lahn 1993, pp. 213-221.
  6. ^ A b Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia. Volume 4: Königgrätzer Kreis. Prague 1834, pp. 150–151, point 1. ( books.google.de ).
  7. ^ Rudolf M. Wlaschek: Jews in Böhmen. Oldenbourg, Munich 1990, p. 153.
  8. ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature. Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 194, paragraph 14 ( books.google.de ).
  9. ^ Friedrich Carl Watterich von Watterichsburg: Handbook of regional studies of the Kingdom of Bohemia. Prague 1845, p. 1061. ( books.google.de ).
  10. ↑ Topographic Lexicon of Bohemia. Prague 1852, pp. 357-358 ( books.google.de ).
  11. ↑ Schatzlar . In: Universal Lexicon of the Present and Past . 4., reworked. and greatly increased edition, Volume 15:  Säugethiere – Sicilicus , self-published, Altenburg 1862, p.  101 .
  12. ↑ Schatzlar . In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon . 6th edition. Volume 17, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1909, p.  705 .
  13. ↑ a b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Trautenau district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  14. ^ Genealogy Sudetenland
  15. ↑ Czech population statistics
  16. ↑ hornickyskanzenzacler.cz