Leszno

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Leszno
Leszno coat of arms
Leszno (Poland)
Leszno
Leszno
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Greater Poland
Powiat : District-free city
Area : 31.90  km²
Geographic location : 51 ° 52 '  N , 16 ° 34'  E Coordinates: 51 ° 52 '0 "  N , 16 ° 34' 0"  E
Residents : 63,774
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 64-100 to 64-110
Telephone code : (+48) 65
License plate : PL
Economy and Transport
Street : Wroclaw - Poznan
Rail route : Wroclaw – Poznan
Krotoszyn – Leszno
Leszno – Wolsztyn
Next international airport : Poznan-Ławica
Gmina
Gminatype: Borough
Surface: 31.90 km²
Residents: 63,774
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 1999 population / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 3063011
Administration (as of 2014)
City President : Łukasz Borowiak
Address: ul.Karasia 15
64-100 Leszno
Website : www.leszno.pl



Leszno ( [ˈlɛʃnɔ] ? / I ), German Lissa (formerly also Lissen and Polish Lissa, not to be confused with German Lissa ), is a city in the Greater Poland Voivodeship in Poland . It is the administrative seat of a district, the Powiat Leszczyński , to which it does not belong. Audio file / audio sample  

geography

The city is located about 70 kilometers southwest of Poznan and about 90 kilometers northwest of Wroclaw .

history

town hall

The first documentary mention of the place was in 1393 as Lesczno , the settlement probably arose as early as the 13th century. In the 14th century the place was the seat of a parish, and there is a brick church consecrated to St. Nicholas . The population of the place came from Lusatia and Silesia , along with residents of Greater Poland . In 1516 the first Bohemian brothers moved to the village. 1547 Leszno received from King Sigismund I the Old , the city charter by Magdeburg rights conferred. From 1565 the Bohemian Brethren began to dominate the city. At the beginning of the 16th century, Leszno had about 1500 inhabitants. The Thirty Years War brought an enormous increase in population. In 1628 another part of the Bohemian Brothers religiously persecuted in Bohemia and Moravia fled to the more tolerant city, which was almost exclusively inhabited by Evangelicals , including Johann Amos Comenius , previously a preacher in Fulnek (Moravia). In Leszno he worked at the Lissa School, which had existed since 1555, and about 1636 took over the rectorate of the grammar school (later the royal Comenius grammar school in Lissa). By a privilege of King Sigismund III. Wasa , Leszno was legally equated with the largest cities in the country in 1631.

Leszno was one of the most important cities in Greater Poland at that time. Economically, among other things, trade, cloth production and milling were important. Leszno was also of intellectual importance. In addition to Amos Comenius , the hymn poet Johann Heermann , the poet Anna Memorata and the mathematician Maciej Głoskowski also worked here.

In 1639 the city's fortifications were renewed. The city's economic boom was interrupted during the Second Northern War when it was temporarily occupied by three squadrons of Swedish horsemen. On April 28, 1656, the town, inhabited almost exclusively by Protestants and Bohemian brothers, was besieged by a Polish army led by Polish nobles. The Swedish occupiers wanted to surrender, but Amos Comenius called on them and the citizens to do all they could to defend themselves against the attackers. The attackers were initially able to be repulsed, but the next day the defenders lost their courage and fled, as far as possible with their belongings, across the protective border into neighboring Silesia ; the Swedes also left the city. The now largely deserted place was released for looting and then burned down. Many refugees have been caught up and either murdered or cruelly treated and robbed of their belongings. After the war, the city was rebuilt.

In 1707, during the Great Northern War , the city was burned by the Russians . The town was owned by the Leszczyński family for centuries before Stanislaus I. Leszczyński sold it to the Polish magnate Aleksander Józef Sułkowski in 1738 .

In 1793, as a result of the Second Partition of Poland , Leszno came under Prussian rule and was henceforth known as Lissa . After the Congress of Vienna Lissa belonged to the Prussian district of Fraustadt in the province of Posen , administrative district Posen. In 1834 the village of Pilzvorwerk ( Grzybowo ) was incorporated into the city of Lissa. During the Polish uprising in the Prussian province of Posen in the spring of 1848, the city demanded that it be accepted into the German Confederation by means of assignment to the neighboring province of Silesia .

In 1887 the city joined the new Lissa district and became the seat of the district. It was also the seat of the district commissioner for the Lissa Police District . At the beginning of the 20th century Lissa had three Protestant churches, a Catholic church, a synagogue , a castle with a park, a grammar school, a Catholic teachers' college, a preparatory institute and was the seat of a regional court.

In 1920 the predominantly German-populated city had to be ceded to Poland due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty .

As a result of the attack on Poland in 1939, the city was assigned to the Reichsgau Wartheland in the German Reich, in violation of international law. On May 21, 1941 it was renamed Lissa (Wartheland) . The city became the seat of the district of Lissa (Wartheland) . On October 26, 1941, the city was subject to the German municipal code of January 30, 1935 valid in the Altreich . On April 1, 1942, the neighboring towns of Zaborowo , Gronowo ( Grune ) and Strzyżewice ( Striesewitz ) were incorporated into Lissa (Wartheland) .

In the spring of 1945 the Red Army occupied the region. The German minority was subsequently expelled from Leszno by the local authorities .

In 1975 Leszno became the seat of the Leszno Voivodeship . In 1999, this status was revoked due to the Polish territorial reform. In 2000 Leszno received The Golden Star of Town Twinning award from the European Commission.

Population development
year Residents Remarks
1800 07,200 3,082 of them Jews
1816 07,985
1837 08,667
1840 08,719 including 3,415 Jews
1843 08,775
1858 10,026
1861 10.192 960 of them belonged to the military population
1875 11.096
1880 11,785
1890 13,116 of which 7,089 Protestants, 4,675 Catholics and 1,347 Jews (500 Poles )
1900 14,263 with the garrison (a battalion of infantry No. 50, a field artillery regiment No. 50), of which 5,535 Catholics and 1,163 Jews

Districts

Surname German name
(1815-1919 and 1939-1945)
Center City center
Gronowo Green
Grzybowo Mushroom Vorwerk
Leszczynko Wolf fame
Nowe Miasto Antonshof
1939–1945 Antonienhof
Pod whales ?
Przylesia Schießwerder
Zaborowo Zaborowo
1939–1945 Dornfeld
Zatorze Feuersche brick factory

Twin cities

The twin cities

traffic

The city forms an important railway junction on the Poznan – Wroclaw line. In long-distance and Keilbahnhof Leszno crossing railway Wrocław-Poznań the railway line Lodz Forst (Lausitz) . The Leszno – Zbąszyn line also begins here and the Guhrau circular railway ended in Lissa until the German-Polish border was drawn after the First World War .

The city owns the Leszno-Strzyżewice airfield in the west of the city.

Attractions

The Roman Catholic Holy Cross Church was built in 1635. There is a lapidarium by the church .

Sports

The speedway club Unia Leszno is based in Leszno . The club competes in the highest Polish league .

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities who have worked on site

literature

  • Heinrich Wuttke : City book of the country Posen. Codex diplomaticus: General history of the cities in the region of Poznan. Historical news from 149 individual cities . Leipzig 1864, pp. 354-360.

Web links

Commons : Leszno  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ^ Website of the city, Władze miasta ( Memento of the original from February 16, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed February 16, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.leszno.pl
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h Zdzisław Moliński, Przewodnik po Lesznie i okolicy , Leszno 1999 S: 12–15, ISBN 83-918904-6-5 .
  4. ↑ Mirosław Komolka, Stanisław Sierpowski, Leszno - Zarys Dziejów , Poznań 1987, p. 11, ISBN 83-210-0641-8 .
  5. ↑ a b c Valentin Krasinski: History of the origin, progress and decline of the Reformation in Poland and its influence on the political, moral and literary state of the country . Leipzig 1841, p. 280.
  6. ↑ Website of the city of Leszno, Historia ( Memento of the original of February 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed February 13, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.leszno.pl
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h Heinrich Wuttke : City book of the state of Posen. Codex diplomaticus: General history of the cities in the region of Poznan. Historical news from 149 individual cities . Leipzig 1864, pp. 354-360.
  8. ^ Meyers Konversationslexikon, Lissa , fourth edition, 1885-1892, 10th volume: Königshofen – Luzon, p. 828
  9. ↑ L. v. J .: The Polish insurrection in Posen in the spring of 1848 . Glogau 1849, p. 41.
  10. ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, 12th volume, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, pp. 604–607.
  11. ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. pos_lissa.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).