Ottomar Anschütz

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Ottomar Anschütz
Patented focal plane shutter in a Goerz-Anschütz patent camera
Honor grave, Stubenrauchstrasse 43–45, in Berlin-Friedenau

Ottomar Anschütz (born May 16, 1846 in Lissa , Province of Posen ; † May 30, 1907 in Berlin-Friedenau ) was a photographer and a pioneer of photographic technology , serial photography and cinematography .

Moment photography

Anschütz was trained between 1864 and 1868 by the photographers Ferdinand Beyrich (Berlin), Franz Hanfstaengl (Munich) and Ludwig Angerer (Vienna). He then worked as a decorative painter and portrait photographer .

From around 1882 the popularity of his portraits increased. In addition, Anschütz experimented with moment photography . The result of his mechanical talent was a hand-held camera with a new type of roller cloth focal plane shutter ( Rouleau shutter ), which made very short exposure times possible. It was not until 1888 that he patented the shutter of the blind in front of the picture plate , for which the Berlin-based company Optische Anstalt CP Goerz acquired the right to manufacture it alone. The Goerz Patent Anschütz camera was produced from 1890 with various improvements until 1927.

In 1883, Anschütz took photos of the imperial maneuvers near Breslau . Two of the maneuver shots that resulted were printed in the Leipziger Illustrirten Zeitung in 1884 and thus became the first snapshots printed by autotype , the ancestors of press photos .

Serial photography

In the summer of 1886, Anschütz received the order from the Prussian War Ministry to "take chronophotographs of riders and horses from the Military Riding Institute in Hanover in order to enable the development of scientific instruction methods for the cavalry school." He combined the movement studies made with 24 electrically connected cameras Image series . Other series show human movement studies. In 1886 he developed a device for projecting his series of images, which consists of a disc with a diameter of 1.5 meters and 24 glass plates in the format 9 cm × 13 cm. The photo plates illuminated from behind by a Geissler tube are rotated by a crank drive at a speed of 30 images per second. In 1887 he presented his "electric fast seer" - the electric tachyscope - at the Ministry of Culture in Berlin. Siemens & Halske began commercial production of the device in Berlin, which was widely used from around 1891. Around 140 pieces had been produced by 1893. The device was also sold abroad, where it became known as the Electrical Wonder Automat .

For the Zoetrop , a simple mechanical device for viewing moving images, Anschütz developed a three-slot variant in 1887 to influence the representation of movement.

In 1894, Anschütz succeeded for the first time in projecting moving images with the electric tachyscope onto a 6 x 8 meter screen in the lecture hall of the Postfuhramt in Berlin's Artilleriestrasse (now Tucholskystrasse ). During the move to a new photo studio and new business premises at Potsdamer Strasse  4, Ottomar Anschütz died in Berlin-Friedenau from the effects of appendicitis.

Anschütz was buried in the Schöneberg III cemetery in Berlin-Friedenau . The grave was dedicated to the State of Berlin as an honorary grave until 2009 . Since November 2018, the grave has been an honorary grave of the city of Berlin again.

Works by Anschütz

Photographs

  • Imperial maneuvers in Berlin 1882/83

  • Unveiling ceremony on the Niederwald

  • Imperial maneuvers in Berlin 1882/83

  • Imperial maneuvers in Berlin 1882/83

  • Imperial maneuvers 1884

Fonts

  • Kaiser maneuvers 1884. In Rhineland and Westphalia. Maneuver scenes after life recorded. Cheap edition. Leipzig: Verlag von M. Hessling 1885.
  • The photography in the house . Three volumes, Berlin 1901 and 1902

Awards

  • Silver medal (1st department: portrait, landscape and architecture) for groundbreaking achievement in moment photography, on the occasion of the photographic anniversary exhibition in Berlin in 1889
  • Gold medal in the photography category (grade 12) at the Paris World's Fair in 1900 .

literature

  • Friedrich A. Kittler: Optical media. Merve-Verlag, Berlin, 2002.
  • Deac Rossell: Fascination with Movement. Ottomar Anschütz between photography and cinema. Stroemfeld, Frankfurt am Main, 2001. ISBN 3-87877-774-4 ( Preface ( Memento of May 2, 2001 in the Internet Archive ))
  • Helmut Kummer: Ottomar Anschütz. Institute for Photo History, Munich, 1983.
  • Klaus Honnef : 150 years of photography (extended special edition of Kunstforum International: 150 years of photography III / photography at documenta 6 , volume 22); Mainz, Frankfurt am Main (two thousand and one) 1977
  • Erich Stenger:  Anschütz, Ottomar, photographer. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 308 ( digitized version ).
  • Photography at the great art exhibition (Berlin 1899), Palestine pictures

Web links

Commons : Ottomar Anschütz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Patent DE49919A : Photographic Camera. Registered on November 27, 1988 , inventor: Ottomar Anschütz. ‌
  2. ↑ Deac Rossell: "Living Pictures". The chronophotographers Ottomar Anschütz and Ernst Kohlrausch, in: Catalog for the exhibition “Wir Wunderkinder. 100 Years of Film Production in Lower Saxony ”in the Historical Museum Hanover from October 15, 1995 to January 14, 1996, p. 17
  3. ↑ Large holdings are now in the collection of the Berlin University of the Arts
  4. ^ Karen Eva Noetzel: Ottomar Anschütz must not be forgotten. Friedenau: Recognition of the honorary grave required. Berlin Week, April 25, 2018, accessed on April 26, 2018 .
  5. ↑ Photographische Mittelungen , 26th year, 1890, p. 163, ( SLUB Dresden).
  6. ↑ Photographische Rundschau , 14th year, Wilhelm Knapp, Halle / S., 1900, 9th issue, (last page without numbering), ( online ).
  7. ↑ Photographische Rundschau , 13th year, Knapp, Halle / S., 1899, p. 326.
personal data
SURNAME Anschütz, Ottomar
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German photographer, pioneer of photographic technology, chronophotography and cinematography
DATE OF BIRTH May 16, 1846
PLACE OF BIRTH Lissa, today Leszno
DATE OF DEATH May 30, 1907
Place of death Berlin-Friedenau