Electrotachyscop
The electrotachyscope (also known as the electrical quick viewer , tachyscope ; in the USA Electrical Wonder Automat ) is a device developed by Ottomar Anschütz from 1886 onwards for the projection of chronophotographically generated series images.
The electrotachyscope consists of a stroboscopic disc with a diameter of 1.5 meters and 24 glass plates in the format 9 cm × 13 cm. The photo plates, which are illuminated from behind by a Geissler tube , an electric discharge tube, are rotated by a crank drive at a speed of 30 images per second. Due to the retinal inertia of the eye , the impression of continuous movement is created.
history
Anschütz presented his electric fast viewer to the public for the first time in 1887 at the Ministry of Culture in Berlin; Siemens & Halske begins commercial production of the device in Berlin, which is widely used from around 1891 ; Around 140 pieces are produced by 1893 . The device is also sold abroad, where it is known as the Electrical Wonder Automat .
Anschütz implemented an improvement of the principle in the three- slot Zoetrop from 1887 . In 1888 he received a patent for his focal plane shutter , which was manufactured exclusively by the Berlin company CP Goerz . With this technique, Anschütz succeeds in taking series recordings that make movement documentable photographically.
In 1894 , Anschütz succeeded for the first time in projecting moving images with the electric tachyscope onto a 6 × 8 meter screen in the lecture hall of the Postfuhramt in Berlin's Artilleriestraße (today Tucholskystraße).
Timetable
- from 1600: Flip book - flip book with individual images
- from 1671: Laterna magica - magic lantern: early device for image projection
- from 1825: Thaumatrop - miracle disc with two threads
- from 1830: Phenakistiskop - phantascope, miracle wheel or wheel of life
- from 1832: stroboscope - magic disks: flash unit
- from 1834: Zoetrop - miracle drum with slots
- from 1861: Mutoskop - stereo animation sheets per stroboscope
- from 1877: Praxinoscope - electrical high-speed viewer using a mirror arrangement
- from 1879: Zoopraxiskop - projection device for chronophotographically generated serial images
- from 1880: Kaiserpanorama - popular mass medium with stereoscopic picture series
- from 1886: Electrotachyscope - projection device for row images
- from 1891: Kinetoskop - first film viewer
literature
- Deac Rossell: Fascination of Movement, Ottomar Anschütz between photography and cinema. Stroemfeld 2001, ISBN 3878777744 ( preface ).
- Friedrich Kittler : Optical media. Berlin 2002.