Fulnek
| Fulnek | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Moravskoslezský kraj | ||||
| District : | Nový Jičín | ||||
| Area : | 6846 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 43 ' N , 17 ° 54' E | ||||
| Height: | 258 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 5,656 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 742 45 | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Railway connection: | Suchdol nad Odrou – Fulnek | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 11 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Administrator : | Petr Ertelt (as of 2020) | ||||
| Address: | nám. Komenského 12 742 45 Fulnek |
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| Municipality number: | 599352 | ||||
| Website : | www.fulnek.cz | ||||
Fulnek is a town with about 6000 inhabitants in Okres Nový Jičín in the Czech Republic .
geography
The city is located 30 kilometers south of Opava ( Troppau ) in Moravia on the border with Silesia in 258 m nm in the valley of the Husí potok ( Gansbach ) at the confluence of the Gručovka ( Lucker Bach ) east of the Oder mountains in the Kuhländchen . The cadastral area is 6800 ha.
Neighboring towns are Vrchy and Lukavec ( Luck ) in the north, Děrné ( Tyrn ), Kostelec ( Hochkirch ) and Kujavy in the east, Stachovice ( Stachenwald ) and Jestřabí ( Jastersdorf ) in the south and Jerlochovice ( Gerlsdorf ), Tošovice ( Taschendorf ) and Vlkovice ( Wolfsdorf) ) in the West. The Dálnice 1 motorway runs south of the town near Stachovice .
history
Fulnek was founded by the Lords of Lichtenburg , to whom Ottokar II Přemysl had given the land belonging to the Duchy of Opava . The first written message from Fulnek comes from 1293. The center of the place was a square market place, which was laid out unusually large with 95 m side length. In 1316 King John of Luxembourg left the area around Fulnek, Bílovec and Klimkovice to Wok I. von Krawarn . Over the centuries, the owners changed several times, including the noble families von Krawarn, Kostka von Postupice , Podiebrad , Žerotín and Skrbenský von Hřistě .
After the Opava Duke Viktorin had sold the Fulnek rule to Johann von Zierotin in 1475, he had it inserted in the Moravian land table in Olomouc in 1480 . After the same should take place with the Odra dominion , a border dispute broke out between the Troppauer and the Moravian estates. On October 28, 1481, Duke Viktorin compared himself with the representatives of the Moravian estates, Bishop Protasius and Governor Ctibor of Cimburg about the fact that the Oder should form the border between the Duchy of Opava and the Margraviate of Moravia and the dominions of Fulnek and Odra with it in the Duchy of Opava should remain. However, the intended final decision was not made. To settle the ongoing dispute, a new border was drawn between Moravia and Silesia in 1493, in which the Fulnek rule was finally added to the Margraviate of Moravia and the villages of Petersdorf and Wolfsdorf ( Vlkovice ) were divided.
The city developed into a center of the Bohemian Brothers , whose last bishop Johann Amos Comenius lived in the city from 1618 to 1621. In 1619 Comenius wrote his Critique of Social Injustice Listové do nebe (Letters to Heaven) in Fulnek and it was here that he completed his work on the map of Moravia, which was published in Amsterdam in 1627.
In 1632 the Counts von Würben auf Freudenthal became the owners of the town, which was redesigned in the 18th century. An Augustinian monastery had existed in the city since the 15th century and in 1688 the Capuchin order built another monastery. In the course of the Josephine reforms , the Augustinian monastery was dissolved in 1784.
In 1788 Karl Anton Czeike Baron von Badenfeld acquired Fulnek. The Badenfelder sold their property in 1842 to Christian Friedrich von Stockmar , who in 1855 sold it to Prince Philipp of Flanders . In 1835 Fulnek (with upper and lower suburbs) had about 3500, about 96% German-speaking inhabitants.
Around 1870 the project of a railway from Opava via Fulnek to Trenčín was started , which was started in June 1873 by the Moravian-Silesian Central Railway . As a result of the Vienna stock market crash , work on the line was stopped in January 1874. After the First World War, Fulnek came to Czechoslovakia and became a stronghold of the radical German National Socialist Workers' Party . In the course of the land reform, the Czechoslovak government confiscated the large estates of the Belgian princesses Josephine and Henriette on May 24, 1922 ; only the castle remained in their possession. After the Munich Agreement , the place was added to the German Reich and until 1945 belonged to the district of Neu Titschein , administrative district of Troppau , in the Reichsgau Sudetenland . At the end of the Second World War in May 1945, a large fire destroyed large parts of the historic city center. From 1948 a partial reconstruction took place according to plans by Zdeněk Sedláček. The German residents were expelled in 1946 and Czechs from Hanna and Wallachia as well as Slovaks settled.
Demographics
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1900 | 3,492 | German residents |
| 1930 | 3,532 | |
| 1939 | 3,308 |
Attractions
- Comenius Square with
- Town hall with tower, built in 1610
- Trinity Column (Plague Column), 1718
- Sarkanderbrunen, 1749 by Johann Georg Heintze
- Nepomuk monument, 1769
- Church of the Holy Trinity , 1750–1760
- Baroque stairs to the Holy Trinity Church
- Former Augustinian monastery next to the Trinity Church
- Bell tower (Black Tower) and deanery building
- Knurrhaus, 1700
- JA Comenius Memorial with the Church of the Bohemian Brothers and the Comenius Monument
- Former Capuchin monastery with St. Josef Church, 1668–1683
- Chapel of St. Roch and St. Sebastian (plague saints) on the former cemetery
- Villa Loreto (now the children's home)
- Upper and lower lock
Community structure
The municipality of Fulnek consists of the following districts:
- Děrné (Tyrn)
- Dolejší Kunčice ( Kunzendorf )
- Fulnek
- Jerlochovice ( Gerlsdorf )
- Jestřabí ( Jastersdorf )
- Jílovec ( Eilowitz )
- Kostelec ( Hochkirchen )
- Lukavec ( Luck )
- Pohořílky ( Schimmelsdorf )
- Stachovice ( Stachenwald )
- Vlkovice, consisting of Moravské Vlkovice ( Moravian Wolfsdorf ) and Slezské Vlkovice ( Silesian Wolfsdorf )
sons and daughters of the town
- Johann Joseph Thalherr (~ 1730–1807), architect
- Johann Leopold von Hay (1735–1794), Bishop of Königgrätz
- Ernst von Schwarzer (1808–1860), writer and publisher
- Leopold Ritter von Dittel (1815–1898), Austrian urologist
- August Gödrich (1859–1942), German cyclist
- Franz Ballner (1870–1963), Austrian doctor and army hygienist
- Arthur Grünberger (1882–1935), Austrian architect
- Gustav Stratil-Sauer (1894–1975), German geographer
- Franz Konwitschny (1901–1962), German conductor
- Fred Schnaubelt (1910-2004), German composer
swell
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ^ E. Seidl: The Troppauer Land between the five southern borders of Silesia - basics of political and territorial history up to the middle of the 19th century. Berlin: Gebr. Mann. ISBN 3-7861-1626-1 , p. 120.
- ↑ Fulnek . In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon . 6th edition. Volume 7, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1907, p. 204 ..
- ↑ a b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Neu Titschein district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
literature
- Elfriede Wojaczek-Steffke: From beloved to promised land - memories of the Moravian homeland , St. Benno-Verlag Leipzig, 2001, ISBN 3-7462-1492-0 (to be described: Fulnek and surroundings, Stachenwald (Stachovice - Neutitschein , Kuhländchen ) ).
