Dálnice 1
| Dálnice D1 in the Czech Republic | |
|
|
  
|
|
 
|
|
| map | |
 |
|
| Basic data | |
| Operator: | Ředitelství silnic a dálnic ČR |
| Overall length: | 376.5 km |
| of which in operation: | 366.5 km |
| of which in planning: | 10 km |
|
Kraj ( region ): |
|
| Development condition: | 2/3 lanes with hard shoulder (169 km concrete, 78 km asphalt) |
|
Course of the road
|
|
The D1 motorway is the oldest and longest highway in the Czech Republic . Its construction began before the Second World War in 1939. It forms the backbone of long-distance road transport in the Czech Republic. The total length of the motorway is 376.5 km, currently around 366.5 km have been completed, the remaining section of the route is in planning (status: 2019). The motorway begins in Prague and runs through Brno to Vyškov . At the state border with Poland , the motorway is connected to the Polish A1 motorway, which leads to Gdansk .
The section from Lipník nad Bečvou to Ostrava was initially built under the designation Dálnice 47 for historical reasons , but in 2006 the responsible road administration decided to open this section as part of the D 1. Complete completion is planned for 2021.
Involvement
The Prague-Brno section is part of the IV. Pan-European Transport Corridor Berlin / Nuremberg - Prague - Bratislava - Budapest - Constanța / Thessaloníki / Istanbul .
The European roads E50 , E55 , E65 and E462 run over them . At Jihlava, the E59 connects to Zagreb via Vienna and Maribor .
History before World War II
The first proposals for building a motorway across Czechoslovakia date back to the 1930s. The first plan from 1935 for the Národní silnice Plzeň - Košice envisaged a route away from today's densely populated areas such as Prague or Brno. Other proposals envisaged a main connection from Cheb to Khust , between Cheb and Košice with a northern and a southern branch and wider than just one branch. However, none of these proposals won the support of the authorities and they were not implemented. Jan Antonín Baťa , head of the Bata group and author of the book Budujme stát pro 40,000,000 lidí (“Let's build a state for 40,000,000 people”) suggested a route from Cheb to Velký Bočkov and even let one in at his own expense Create project. This route also avoided the important centers, but was approved by the government.
After the Munich Agreement , these plans had to be modified because Czechoslovakia lost parts of its territory. Within just 12 days, a new route from Prague to Jihlava and a motorway ring around Prague were designed and on November 5, 1938, a decision was made to develop a detailed plan for the road connection from Prague via Jihlava and Brno to Zlín and further towards Slovakia . On January 13, 1939, the finished plan was approved. A week later, construction work began with tree felling in the section between Zástřizly and Lužná and, from May, between Prague and Humpolec . The approximately 300 km long motorway should be completed within just four years. The plans were changed slightly during the occupation by Germany , but construction continued until 1942, when construction finally ceased after gradual restrictions as a result of the Second World War . Sections of the dam and a number of partly completed bridges have been preserved in the Martian Mountains between Zástřizly and Kostelany , past the summit of Brdo . On the section from there via Zlín to the Slovakian border, no structures had been erected until 1942.
post war period
After the war, a decree by President Edvard Beneš of October 1, 1945 ordered the further construction of the motorway, but after the communist revolution in February 1948, the road construction companies were nationalized and the construction of the motorway was no longer expected from 1950 and officially stopped it was in 1952. The construction of the motorway met a fate similar to that of the Prague Metro .
Construction of the motorway only continued in 1967, and on July 12, 1971, the first section between Prague and Mirošovice was opened. The connection between Brno and Prague was completed on November 7, 1980 with the last section of the motorway at Humpolec . Of the bridges that were actually completed on this section by 1950, two have been preserved, which have been almost completely flooded by the Švihov dam since the 1970s ( location ); On this section, the motorway was re-routed for several kilometers when the construction was continued from 1967 onwards. Between 1988 and 1992 two more sections between Brno and Vyškov were opened to traffic. On October 24, 2005, the so far last part of the motorway between Vyškov and Vrchoslavice was inaugurated.
According to the original plans, the D1 motorway was to continue in the direction of Starý Hrozenkov on the border with Slovakia and connect there to the Slovak D1 , but after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia , these plans were changed in 1996. The new plan stipulated that the D1 would end at Lipník nad Bečvou and would be connected there with the future D47 motorway towards Ostrava and Poland. In 2005 the Czech government decided that the D47 would be renamed the D1 after its completion. This will in future extend the D1 route to the Czech-Polish border. The R49 expressway ( rychlostní silnice ) , which branches off from the D1 at Hulín, should lead in the direction of Slovakia .
The section originally built as the D47 between Lipník nad Bečvou and the Polish state border north of Ostrava was opened in several stages between December 1, 2007 (Tangente Ostrava - Bohumín ) and November 30, 2012.
present
Apart from the construction of the D47 , a section of five kilometers was expanded as a bypass of Kroměříž , which was opened in 2008.
On November 30, 2012, the 6.1 kilometer section from Bohumín to the state border with Poland was opened. Although the section had been completed since April 2012, there were significant problems with a bridge on the Polish side that prevented the opening. In October, the Czech and Polish governments agreed on an early opening, but this only applies to passenger vehicles, as trucks and buses cannot pass a provisional route via a connecting ramp on the Polish side ( further information ).
future
The last section of the motorway between Říkovice and Lipník nad Bečvou is slated to open in two sections in 2021 at the earliest.
It is planned to expand the motorway between the Kývalka junction west of Brno and the Holubice junction in the east of the city to six lanes. In this context, a shift of the route in a southerly direction is also being discussed, but no definitive decision has yet been made in this context.
For the more distant future, the six-lane expansion of the entire Prague – Brno section is planned. These plans are, however, subject to the problem of financing such an expansion, because due to the low mountain range character of the route, the high costs for the practically necessary new construction of bridges, noise barriers, junctions and parking spaces come very close to a completely new construction.
Furthermore, it is expected that the current congestion in this section will decrease after the completion of the northern branch, which will take the D11 motorway from Prague to Hradec Králové and then the R35 to Lipník nad Bečvou. This route is currently only partially developed between Poděbrady and Hradec Králové (D11) and Hradec Králové and Mohelnice (R35).
Aspects of environmental protection
When the first motorways were built in the 1960s, ecological aspects were largely neglected. The D1 was no exception. It had been planned as an almost straight connection between Prague and Brno even before the Second World War, although it partly led through unfavorable terrain and a landscape that was largely untouched until then. Due to efforts to fall back on buildings already begun at the beginning of the war, a change of the route was not considered either. A different route would certainly be chosen today, for example via Kolín , but relocating the motorway in this section is not under discussion.
The newer sections of the motorway, which were completed after the social changes of November 1989, do not belong to the controversial constructions in the eyes of the Czech environmentalists, in contrast to the D5 , D8 and R35 . Various environmental protection associations try above all to minimize the negative impact on the environment by influencing local planning. The objections raised during the planning process sometimes cause delays in construction, but are unlikely to result in any significant changes to the route.
The ecologically problematic sections of the sections still to be built include:
- the route through the municipality of Hladké Životice ;
- Guiding the highway over a lake near Vrbice ;
- the extension of the D1 near Brno with regard to the management of motorways and expressways in the vicinity of the city.
Altitude
- Maximum: 640 meters above sea level (km 97)
- Minimum: 210 meters above sea level (km 196)
Construction stages and their completion
| number | section | length | category | construction commencing |
commissioning acceptance |
Junction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 002 |
Spořilov - Čestlice 0,000 km - 8,199 km |
8.199 km |
D34 / 120 |
September 8, 1967 | August 12, 1971 | Spořilov (Exit 1) Chodov (Exit 2) Průhonice (Exit 6) |
| 003 | Čestlice - Mirošovice 8.199 km - 21.255 km |
13.056 km |
Jesenice (Exit 11) Všechromy (Exit 15) Mirošovice (Exit 21) |
|||
| 005 | Mirošovice - Šternov 21.255 km - 41.494 km |
20.239 km | D26.5 / 120 | December 1969 | June 1977 |
Hvězdonice (Exit 29) Ostředek (Exit 34) Šternov (Exit 41) |
| 008 | Šternov - Soutice 41.494 km - 56.472 km |
14.978 km | March 1972 |
Psáře (Exit 49) Soutice (Exit 56) |
||
| 009 | Soutice - Loket 56.472 km - 66.420 km |
9.948 km | December 1969 | Loket (Exit 66) | ||
| 010 | Bridge over Sedlický potok 62.095 km |
September 1969 | - | |||
| 006 | Loket - Hořice 66,420 km - 74,940 km |
8.520 km | June 1972 | - | ||
| 011A | Bridge Píšť on Reservoir Švihov 76.490 km |
D26.5 / 120 | June 1972 | May 6, 1979 (½) October 6, 1979 |
- | |
| 012 | Bridge Podolí u Koberovic 81.220 km |
|||||
| 011B | Hořice - Jiřice 74,940 km - 85,200 km |
10.260 km | June 1974 | Hořice (Exit 75) Koberovice (Exit 81) |
||
|
Jiřice - Humpolec 85.200 km - 91.314 km |
6.114 km | November 22, 1979 (½) November 8, 1980 |
Humpolec (Exit 90) | |||
| 013 | Humpolec - Krasoňov 91.314 km - 92.700 km |
1.386 km | D26.5 / 120 | June 1976 | November 22, 1979 (½) November 8, 1980 |
- |
| Krasoňov - Pávov 92,700 km - 111,980 km |
19,280 km | November 8, 1980 | Větrný Jeníkov (Exit 104) | |||
| 014A | Pávov - Řehořov 111,980 km - 127,280 km |
15,300 km | D26.5 / 120 | Early 1976 | November 22, 1979 | Pávov (Exit 112) Velký Beramov (Exit 119) |
| 014B | Řehořov - Měřín 127.280 km - 134.454 km |
7.174 km | D26.5 / 120 | March 1974 | October 28, 1976 | Měřín (Exit 134) |
| 015A | Měřín - Velké Meziříčí -západ 134.454 km - 140.996 km |
6.542 km | D26.5 / 120 | June 1972 | December 1976 | Velké Meziříčí-západ (Exit 141) |
| Velké Meziříčí-západ - Velké Meziříčí-východ 140.996 km - 148.526 km |
7,530 km | November 28, 1978 | Velké Meziříčí-východ (Exit 146) | |||
| 016 |
Vysočina Bridge in Velké Meziříčí 144.245 km |
April 1972 | - | |||
| 015B | Velké Meziříčí-východ - Lhotka 148.526 km - 153.592 km |
5.066 km | D26.5 / 120 | June 1971 | May 1975 | Lhotka (Exit 153) |
| Lhotka - Velká Bíteš 153.592 km - 162.774 km |
9.182 km | December 1975 | Velká Bíteš (Exit 162) | |||
| 017 | Velká Bíteš - Kývalka 162.774 km - 182.281 km |
19.507 km | D26.5 / 120 | April 1969 | 3rd November 1973 |
Devět Křížů (Exit 168) Ostrovačice (Exit 178) |
| Kývalka - Brno -západ 182.281 km - 190.474 km |
8.223 km | D28 / 120 | September 6, 1972 | Kývalka (Exit 182) Brno-západ (Exit 190) |
||
| 019 | Brno-západ - Brno-center 190.474 km - 194.221 km |
3.747 km | D28 / 120 | June 1973 | October 28, 1976 | Brno-centrum (Exit 194) |
| Brno-centrum - Brno-jih 194.221 km - 196.674 km |
2,453 km | September 30, 1978 | Brno-jih (Exit 196) | |||
| 0131 | Brno-jih - Brno-východ 196.674 km - 203.449 km |
6.775 km | D26.5 / 120 | April 1979 | September 9, 1983 | Brno-Slatina (Exit 201) |
| Brno-východ - Holubice 203.449 km - 211.034 km |
7.585 km | December 1982 | Brno-východ (Exit 203) Holubice (Exit 210) |
|||
| 47011 | Holubice - Tučapy 211.034 km - 220.100 km |
9.066 km | D26.5 / 120 | December 1984 | November 11, 1988 | Rousínov (Exit 216) |
| 47012 | Tučapy - Vyškov 220.100 km - 229.675 km |
9.575 km | May 1989 | July 30, 1992 | Vyškov-západ (Exit 226) | |
| 0133 | Vyškov - Mořice 229.675 km - 245.684 km |
16.009 km | D26.5 / 120 | April 2002 | October 24, 2005 | Vyškov (Exit 230) Ivanovice na Hané (Exit 236) Mořice (Exit 244) |
| 0134.1 / I | Mořice - Vrchoslavice 245.684 km - 247.184 km |
1,500 km | December 2004 | - | ||
| 0134.1 / II | Vrchoslavice - Kojetín 247.184 km - 253.784 km |
6,600 km | D26.5 / 120 | May 24, 2007 | 17th September 2009 | Kojetín (Exit 253) |
| 0134.2 | Kojetín - Kroměříž -západ 253.784 km - 257.784 km |
4,000 km | D26.5 / 120 | May 12, 2006 | September 23, 2008 | - |
| 0134.3 | Kroměříž-západ - Kroměříž-východ 257.784 km - 260.800 km |
3.016 km | February 21, 2005 | October 2007 (½) August 15, 2008 |
Kroměříž-západ (Exit 258) Kroměříž-východ (Exit 260) |
|
| 0135 | Kroměříž-východ - Hulín km 260.629 - km 265.429 |
4,800 km | D26.5 / 120 | May 12, 2008 | December 3, 2010 | Hulín-západ (exit 263) Hulín (exit 265) |
| Hulín - Říkovice km 265.429 - km 271.929 |
6,500 km | July 11, 2011 | ||||
| 0136 | Říkovice - Přerov 272,100 km - 282,200 km |
10.100 km | D26.5 / 120 |
planned for 2021 |
planned for 2024 |
Říkovice Přerov-západ Přerov-sever |
| 0137 | Přerov - Lipník nad Bečvou 282,200 km - 296,513 km |
14.313 km | D26.5 / 120 | July 14, 2015 | December 12, 2019 | Lipník-Trnávka Bohuslávky |
| 4704 | Lipník nad Bečvou - Bělotín 296.513 km - 311.896 km |
15.383 km | D34 / 120 | November 26, 2004 | November 25, 2008 | Lipník nad Bečvou Hranice Bělotín |
| 4705 | Bělotín - Hladké Životice 311.896 km - 329.992 km |
18.096 km | D27.5 / 120 | May 23, 2006 | November 25, 2009 (½) October 22, 2010 |
Mankovice Hladké Životice |
| 4706 | Hladké Životice - Bílovec 329.992 km - 341.673 km |
11.682 km | April 6, 2006 | November 25, 2009 | Butovice | |
| 4707 | Bílovec - Ostrava - Rudná 341.673 km - 353.351 km |
11.678 km | D28 / 120 | March 25, 2005 | May 5, 2008 |
Bravantice (Exit 342) Klimkovice (Exit 349) |
| 4708 | Ostrava-Rudná - Hrušov 353.351 km - 361.891 km |
8.540 km | October 2003 | December 1, 2007 | Rudná (Exit 354) Severní spoj (Exit 357) Místecká (Exit 361) |
|
| 47091/1 | Hrušov - Vrbice 361.891 km - 366.351 km |
4,460 km | October 2004 | Vrbice (Exit 365) | ||
| 47091/2 | Vrbice - Bohumín 366.351 km - 370.551 km |
4,200 km | - | |||
| 47092 | Bohumín - State border ( Czech Republic / Poland ) 370.551 km - 376.498 km |
6.113 km | D27.5 / 120 | April 6, 2008 | November 30, 2012 | Bohumín |
Legend:
| Section in operation |
| Section under construction |
| Section configured |
literature
- Dálnice D1, nejdelší český dálniční tah Praha-Brno-Ostrava-Polsko . Ředitelství silnic a dálnic, Prague 2005.
Web links
- ceskedalnice.cz
- Official website of the Motorway and Highway Administration (Czech)
- D1 motorway on ceskedalnice.cz
- History of motorway construction on ceskedalnice.cz (Czech)
- Motorway D1 on dalnice.com (Czech)
- Article of the environmental organization Děti Země about problems with the expansion of the R35 and the widening of the D1 (Czech)