Bělotín

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bělotín
Bělotín coat of arms
Bělotín (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Olomoucký kraj
District : Přerov
Area : 3338 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 35 '  N , 17 ° 48'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 35 '20 "  N , 17 ° 48' 2"  E
Height: 297  m nm
Residents : 1,838 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 753 64
License plate : M.
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 4th
administration
Mayor : Eduard Kavala (as of 2010)
Address: Bělotín 151
753 64 Bělotín
Municipality number: 512231
Website : www.belotin.cz

Bělotín (German Bölten ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located six kilometers northeast of the town of Hranice na Moravě (German Mährisch Weißkirchen ) and belongs to the Okres Přerov (German district Prerau ). The community of Bölten was a German community until it was occupied by the Red Army on May 7, 1945. The Czech population was 0.75 percent at the last Austrian census in 1910. In 1946 the Germans were expelled from Bělotín.

geography

Bělotín / Bölten is located at the southern foot of the Oder Mountains in Kuhländchen . To the west of the village is the Moravian Gate watershed . Bělotín extends along the Bělotínský potok ( Bölten brook ) up to its confluence with the Oder tributary Luha . The Oder rises not far from Bölten. The Danube-Oder Canal should also run near the municipality .

The municipality has a stop for the Kaiser Ferdinands-Nordbahn [Vienna-Krakau], which went into operation in 1847 - without cargo handling, because the railway has to cross 4.2 from the freight station Pohl / Polom (280 m) because of the watershed (sea level: 310 m) km away Bölten / Belotin stop (290 m) to before the 5.7 km away Mährisch Weißkirchen / Hranice train station (again 280 m) ascending to altitude, i.e. without siding.

history

The place in Moravia with its new owner, the Premonstratensian monastery Hradisch near Olomouc , was first mentioned in writing in 1201 in a document of the Moravian margrave Vladislav Heinrich from the Přemyslid family under the name Belotyn. In 1612 the place was called Bellten and in 1645 Beltin.

Belotyn and the wide area with its then Slavic population and with Slavic place names were devastated and depopulated when the Mongols invaded in 1241. The necessary recolonization was promoted from 1247 by one of the most important advisers to King Přemysl Ottokar II of Bohemia , the Olomouc bishop Bruno von Schauenburg , who came from the Weser Uplands. In the literature it is considered possible that the legend of the Pied Piper of Hameln (on the Weser ) is related to the German settlement of the area in question.

Bělotín, view from the south-east of the church hill, which is lower down from there, and the wide hilly landscape of the surroundings. When the photo is enlarged several times (left and right), the church and surroundings are clearly visible, with the new motorway in the background

After the end of the First World War , the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy collapsed and new states were founded, such as Czechoslovakia (1st Czechoslovakia) on October 28, 1918 and the Republic of German Austria on November 12, 1918, the day after the declaration of renunciation Emperor Charles I .

Until the Treaty of Saint-Germain came into force on July 16, 1920, Austria claimed the predominantly German-populated areas of the ČSR, which had been occupied by the Czechoslovak military shortly after the state was founded. The main town of the Kuhländchen , Neu Titschein , was on 20./21. Taken for the new state in November 1918.

Bölten, Mitteldorf: From the invitation of Mayor Josef Anders to the Heimatfest 1929. On this occasion, the Bölten people abroad, especially Vienna, placed the memorial stone "Faithful to the homeland" near the church and school.

In 1938, as a result of the Munich Agreement, the municipality of Bölten, located on the language border, was incorporated into the German Reich until the end of the Second World War and assigned to the district of Neu Titschein . The long-established population acquired German citizenship on October 10, 1938 through collective naturalization .

In 1941, the work detachment E540 of the Teschen POW camp (Oflag VIIID) was established in Bölten , which mainly housed prisoners of war from the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth of Nations .

On May 7, 1945 from 10:30 a.m., Bölten was occupied by the Red Army under the command of Major General Vasilevsky. This ended the centuries-long development of the prosperous German community of Bölten.

As a result, the community was reintegrated into the newly established Czechoslovak state and reassigned to the Hranice district (Mährisch Weißkirchen).

Those responsible for “ethnic cleansing” until October 28, 1945 were released from punishment.

Regarding the massacre in the district town of Belotin, Prerau, on 18./19. June 1945 with 265 (mostly German) dead from Slovakia see the article Massacre von Prerau with additional information and links to other pogroms.

The 1106 Germans, expropriated without compensation due to the Beneš decrees and still living in Bělotín until the expulsion , were brought with 196 carts to the Hranice assembly camp between June 30 and September 25, 1946 and from there with 6 trucks to Bavaria and Hesse in the American-occupied zone of Germany.

Sub-ensign Al, who was assigned to Bělotín in 1945, reported on the occupation of Bölten by the Red Army, the arrival of Czech new settlers and the "deportation" of the Germans . Typically 1979 in the text "Bělotín, obec moravské brány" (German: "Bělotín, municipality at the Moravian Gate").

Partner and sponsorships

The municipality of Bělotín and the associated university choir Ostrava concluded a partnership agreement with the municipality of Hinterschmiding in Lower Bavaria in 2000 . In 2006 a further partnership was established with the municipality of Höchst in the Odenwald in Hesse and expressly also with the "Parish Bölten" based in Höchst. The municipality of Höchst in the Odenwald had already taken over the “sponsorship for the Sudeten German municipality of Bölten”, Neu Titschein district, on August 2, 1953 , and later also for the other communities of the “Parish of Bölten”: Daub, Hermitz, Kunzendorf, Litschel, Lutschitz, Neudek and Pohl with (including Bölten) a total of 3765 inhabitants on May 17, 1939. The sponsor of the sponsorship and partnership was Franz Polak , honorary citizen and Roman Catholic pastor of the communities of Bölten (as a German community) and Höchst in the Odenwald.

Districts

The districts Kunčice ( Kunzendorf I ), Lučice ( Lutschitz ) and Nejdek ( Neudek ) have belonged to the municipality of Bělotín since 1983 .

Population according to the 1910, 1930 and 1939 censuses :
1910 - Bölten: 1464, of which 11 are Czechs in
1930 - Bölten 1562, of which 168 are Czechs; Kunzendorf 352; Lutschitz 206; Neudek 316, a total of 2436
1939 - Bölten 1545

Attractions

St. George Church
  • Parish Church of St. Georg (see under Literature: Festschrift for the 200th anniversary)

traffic

New Bělotín station, [ready for the stage / nostalgic of the “Austrian Emperor”] inaugurated on May 15, 1994

The D48 motorway branches off from the D1 near Bělotín . Bělotín is located on the Břeclav – Petrovice u Karviné railway line , formerly known as Kaiser Ferdinand's Northern Railway Vienna - Krakow.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

  • Franz Polak (1909–2000), German Roman Catholic clergyman

Sons and daughters of the church

literature

  • Festschrift for the 200th anniversary of the parish church in Bölten (East Sudetenland); Ed .: Franz Polak and Walter Fr. Schleser; Maximum 1957, DNB 1009814419 . With illustrated articles about Bölten, Pohl, Neudek, Lutschitz, Kunzendorf, Hermitz, Litschel and the Kuhländchen.
Seal of the community of Bölten on the memorial book from the years 1924/26 described on the left
  • "Bölten - Sudetenland, sponsoring community of Höchst - Odenwald", ed. by Walter Fr. Schleser, Vienna 1965, DNB 1005054509 . Contents : the 1924 based on a csl law of January 30, 1920, handwritten in Kurrent script, signed by the mayor Josef Anders, councilor Franz Schindler and memorial bookkeeper Johann Schramm, provided with the community seal and on May 29, 1926 by district school inspector Richard Eberwein as a representative of the CSR countersigned MEMORIAL BOOK OF THE GEMEINDE BÖLTEN (copy); also: memorial plaques with information about the fallen of the First and Second World Wars, photos of Bölten and Höchst as well as articles about the Sudetenland and Höchst in the Odenwald. The six men of the Landsturm District Command 36 Kolomea stationed in Bölten during the First World War, who died and were buried in Bölten, are also named .
  • "Destiny of Expulsion", memorial book on the sponsorship of the municipality of Höchst i. With the parishes of the parish of Bölten / Ostsudeten; First printing by Erich Stockert in Bad König 1987, 2nd edition 1988, 290 pages, ISBN 3-924388-03-2 . The commemorative book celebrates S. 127 ff too. The former honorary citizen  : Mayor Franz Klösel (* 1854), senior teacher Emil Kretschmer (* 1859), Josef Winkler (* 1860) and senior teacher Johann Schramm (* 1881) as well as deserved citizens u. a. the last German mayor Wilhelm Klösel, teacher Ernst Honus, teacher Emilie Fadler, pastor Rudolf Blaschke
  • Bibliography Bölten: Private website
  • "Kuhländchen, unforgotten home", anniversary book of the association heimattreuer Kuhllassung e. V .; Leer 1998, 589 pages, ISBN 3-7921-0588-8 .

Web links

Commons : Bělotín  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ↑ See also the references to the Rhenish counts of Hückeswagen, who settled in Kuhländchen at that time, at Alt Titschein Castle / Starý Jičín Castle in the article Colonization history and settlement work at http://www.kuhlaendchen.de/pages/kuhlaendchen/geschichte.php
  3. ↑ http://www.lamsdorf.com/history.html (Bölten: E 540)
  4. ↑ See individual record 6 (on the relevant report by subordinate Al.Tylich, who was assigned to Belotin)
  5. ↑ See an eviction notice from the Hranice district administration: http://www.members.aon.at/boelten/vertrieb 1946.htm; Renata Ripperova, who comes from a Bölten family on her father's side, wrote a bachelor thesis in 2012 at the Masaryk University in Brno on the subject of " Today's society's view of the expulsion of Germans in the media, in information and education policy ".
  6. ↑ More details in the contemporary witness report (page 6 and 7), http://members.aon.at/~wschlese/schicksalsjahr.pdf
  7. ↑ The great-great-grandson of the couple Franz and Susanna Anders, who emigrated from Lutschitz to the USA in 1871, Major General William Anders , born in Hong Kong in 1933, was one of the three US astronauts who orbited the moon with Apollo 8 in December 1968 . See also notes at http://www.kuhlaendchen.de/search/index.php?referrer=0&string=William+Anders&submit=earch
  8. ↑ See article Germans in the First Czechoslovak Republic , Section 6, "Czechization Policy from 1918" This article is also available at https://web.archive.org/web/20190103120013/https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_in_der_Ersten_Tschechoslowakischen_Republik archived in the web archive of the Wayback Machine in San Francisco / USA.