Potštát
| Potštát | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Olomoucký kraj | ||||
| District : | Přerov | ||||
| Area : | 3411 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 38 ' N , 17 ° 38' E | ||||
| Height: | 502 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,179 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 753 62 | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Olomouc - Odry | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 5 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Alena Otáhalová (as of 2006) | ||||
| Address: | Zámecká 1 753 62 Potštát |
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| Municipality number: | 517101 | ||||
| Website : | www.potstat.cz | ||||
Potštát (German Bodenstadt ) is a town in the Okres Přerov in the Czech Republic . It is located in a basin through which the Velička flows on the plateau of the Oder Mountains and belongs to the Olomoucký kraj region .
The historical center of the city was placed under the protection of urban monuments in 2003 ( Městská památková zóna ).
geography
The highest mountains near Potštát are the Rehbuschberg (622 meters), the Galgenberg (614 meters), the First Hart (587 meters), the Second Hart (585 meters) and the Schneiderberg (567 meters).
history
It is generally believed that Potštát was a fortified place with a landlord long before it was first mentioned in a document in 1322 . The name Potštát / Bodenstadt probably goes back to the name of the locator who acquired the space from the landlord to suspend a place (Bodenstadt = Bodo city, the city of Boto, Botho, Poto, Potho, Pot or Puta ). According to legend, the name “Boden-Stadt” came into being after the Thirty Years War, when the completely destroyed Potštát was rebuilt and like a mushroom “grew out of the ground”.
It is said that Potštát supplied tools and bar irons between 990 and 998 for the construction of the town of Mährisch Weißkirchen . In addition to the landlord and the locator, monks and the Hradisch Monastery , which was built as a pleasure palace by order of Duke Břetislav I in 1030 and expanded into a Benedictine monastery in 1078 by his son Otto von Olomouc, should be mentioned for the cultivation, reclamation and settlement of Potštát . The first “memorial book”, which was destroyed in a fire in 1787 and reported by Potštát and only survived in a few contemporary extracts, dates from the year 1235. This so-called “black book” reports, among other things, that Potštát was already around 1035 was protected by a city wall.
Potštát was devastated in 1241 or 1252. It is not certain whether the devastation occurred around 1241 by the Tatars or around 1252 by the Cuman incursions of Belas IV . In 1258 the destroyed city was rebuilt with settlers from Thuringia and Saxony. In 1322 the city was first mentioned in a document as a nickname "Zawisch de Potenstadt". In 1329 Potštát received town and market rights, town colors and a coat of arms. In 1330 there was a famine in Potštát. In 1357/58 the plague raged in Potštát. In 1359 the city was mentioned as an epithet "Wilhelm von Potstat", which could be identical with "Wilhelm von Kunstadt".
Around 1368 the rule of Potštát / Bodenstadt was owned by Boček I of Podebrady , who died in 1373. His son of the same name Boček II transferred the rule to his wife Anna Elisabeth von Leipa ( Anna Eliška z Lipé ) in 1377 as a marriage property. 1394 Potštát received from Margrave Prokop the city charter , the 1,395 mile right . In the same year a pastor from Potštát was mentioned for the first time.
Prussinowitz era
In 1408 Boček II of Podebrady sold the Potštát dominion to Thaddeus von Prussinowitz ( Tas z Prusinovic ). In 1409 Potštát had a glassworks. In 1429 the Hussites passed through Potštát. In 1437, Johann Potstasky von Prussinowitz was named as the successor to Thaddeus Potstasky von Prussinowitz . He transferred Potštát and all his goods to his wife Anna as marriage goods.
In 1453 looting and epidemics occurred in the Bodenstädter Ländchen . The Potštát glassworks was destroyed. The widowed Anna took in her dead husband's brother, Ignatz Potstasky, on her marriage property in community. In 1464 Prokop Potstasky sat in Potštát. In 1480, Silesians settled in Potštát, which was depopulated due to disease, and a Hynek Potstasky was mentioned in a document. In 1492, Betrich Potstasky was named as the owner of the Potštát estates . In 1536 several people were named as owners / shareholders of the Potštát estates: Prokop, Wenceslaus the Elder, Albrecht, Mladota, the brothers Wenceslaus the Younger and Zibrid Potstasky.
In 1549 Wenceslaus the Elder Potštát founded a hospital. In 1556 he lifted the land rate. In 1573, the owners / shareholders of the Potštáter estates were: Alexander, Dyonis and Betrich the Younger Potstasky. In 1588, Betrich the Younger was named as the only gentleman on Potštát . Around 1590 Bernhard Potstasky, the son of Betrich the Younger, became lord of Potštát. During this time Tobias Janka (approx. 1589–1652) was born in Potštát. He is the progenitor of a 230-year-old Potštát shoemaker dynasty (from around 1590 to around 1820). In 1613, Bernhard Potstasky donated a poor house to the city. In 1615 Johann Stiasny Potstasky, Bernhard's son, released 33 Potštát citizens from the obligation to buy stately wine.
Thirty Years' War
In the Thirty Years' War lost Johann Stiasny Potstasky the Potštáter goods because it continues the uprising of the Moravian estates against the 1619 winning the Emperor Ferdinand II. Was involved. He died in 1621. Although Potštát was robbed several times by the troops of the Danish military leader Mansfeld , it remained loyal to the emperor and received its privileges confirmed in 1629/30. In 1634 Margravine Charlotte of Austria (* 1591 - † January 12, 1662), also called Doña Carolina d 'Austria or Princess of Chontecroy , received the illegitimate daughter of Rudolf II and widow of Count Franz Thomas Perrenot de Granvelle from Emperor Ferdinand II. the Potštáter goods. In 1636 the suffragan bishop Friedrich Bresina von Stubrig inaugurated the parish church of Potštát.
In 1642 the Swedes invaded Potštát and the surrounding area; Under General Marteigne and Colonel Dörflin, numerous atrocities happened against the Potštát population. While fleeing from the Swedes, many Potštáters died of hunger and cold in the forests. A year later Potštát offered bitter resistance, so that the Swedes had to leave without having achieved anything. The resistance collapsed in 1647 when the Swedes again marched against Potštát and took the city without any effort. It was not until 1650 that the Swedes left northern Moravia.
In 1651/52, after the withdrawal of the Swedes and three years after the end of the Thirty Years' War, there was great hardship in Potštát. Many goods were given cheaply. There was a wave of emigration. The city's patroness, Doña Carolina d 'Austria , died in 1662. Her son, Eugene Leopold, died in 1637 and left no heirs. For this reason the Potštát estates fell back to the “Crown of Bohemia”.
Walderode and Desfours-Walderode
In 1663, Emperor Leopold I sold the Potštát goods to the Imperial Court Councilor Johann Freiherr von Walderode von Eckhausen (1593–1674). The new rule could not prevent the population from falling even further until 1670. There were numerous witch trials in and around Potštát. In 1680 the city recovered as a result of new robot regulations . Trade increased and Potštát was given higher jurisdiction ( ius cladi ). In 1670, Baron von Walderode decided that the Bodenstadt and Liebenthal estates should be bequeathed to the male descendants of his late son Nikolaus Ferdinand. The line Nikolaus Ferdinand von Walderode expired in 1746 and the rule of Bodenstadt fell to Franz Graf von Walderode († 1797) , who came from a different line . After his death, his only surviving daughter, Johanna Maria von Walderode, widowed Countess von Renard , inherited the property. Her inheritance came from her nephew Count Josef von Desfours († 1839). This was a son of Franz Wenzel Graf von Desfours († 1810) and Countess Antonie Walderode von Eckhausen († 1776). He added that of his mother to his name and called himself Desfours-Walderode from then on . After his death, the property came to his only son, Count Franz Vinzenz Adam von Desfours-Walderode (1806–1869) and when Franz Adam died, his second son Arthur Maximilian Count von Desfours-Walderode (1852–1917). The latter died in 1917 and left the Fideikommiß rule Bodenstadt to his only son Sigismund (1882-1936). After his childless death, the rule fell to Count Kuno von Desfours-Walderode . The Imperial Counts stayed in Bodenstadt until they were expelled in 1946.
In 1866 Prussian troops dragged cholera into Bodenstadt, which led to the death of over 30 people. Between 1938 and 1945 Bodenstadt belonged to the district of Bärn .
Demographics
Potštát (without fifty bonnets) from 1741 to 2006:
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mayor
See the list of mayors of Potštát
Pastor
- 1395 Duchko ( Duchek / Duchco / Dukus / Drichko )
Influences of the Hussite movement since around 1429
- 1484: Bartholomew, presumably Catholic
- around 1500: Kaspar, presumably Catholic, flees Bodenstadt
Since around 1556: The rule of Bodenstadt is utraquist .
Since around 1570: Bodenstadt gradually becomes Lutheran
- around 1573: Georg Blasko / Jiri Blasko, Lutheran pastor in Bodenstadt, is supported by Valentin Tadler, Lutheran deacon in Rudelzau
- around 1586: Christoph Jancke / Janka (* in Bodenstadt), Lutheran pastor
- around 1598: Martin Jancke / Janka (* in Bodenstadt; † around 1603), Lutheran pastor, also called to Liebenthal , probably brother of Christoph Jancke
Since around 1625: Counter Reformation , expulsion of the Lutheran pastors
- 1628–1641: Kaspar Kreß (* in Westphalia; † 1641), 1st Catholic pastor after the Counter Reformation
- 1641–1657: Abraham Kreß (* in Westphalia; † 1657), brother of Kaspar Kreß
- 1657–1669: Balthasar Salzmann from the monastery of the Augustinian Canons
- 1669–1686: Andreas Barbarety († 1686), name difficult to read (in Wolny : Barwanetz ), pastor from Gaisdorf (in Wolny: Gundersdorf )
- 1669: Georg Unzeit, curate from Kunzendorf
- 1686–1704: Johann Georg / Ignaz Pohl (* in Fünfzighuben; † 1704), before 1686 pastor of Bärn
- 1704–1709: Matthäus Bayer (* in Neu-Titschein)
- 1710–1725: Johann Franz Knauer (* in Zwittau; † 1725)
- 1725–1731: Markus Josef Thorberger
- 1731–1766: Johann Sottpla (* in Tyrol; † 1766)
- 1766–1786: Adalbert Moßler († 1786)
- 1787–1805: Franz Xaver Bergmann (* 1757 in Olomouc; † 1805)
- 1806–1816: Johann Paul König (* in Bodenstadt; † 1816)
- 1816–1821: Fabian Malata (* in Rirklowitz; † 1821)
- 1821–1830: Florian Wawrecka († 1830)
- 1831–1846: Franz Gröger (* 1772 in Bautsch; † 1846)
- 1846–1854: Johann Zohner (* in Girsik)
- 1855–: Franz Klohs (* 1784)
- 1866: Cooperators: Franz Jilke, Johann Hilke
- 1924: Johann Mastalirsch (pastor), Thomas Klepek (chaplain)
Bodenstadt has not had its own parish administration since 1979, but is administered with six other parishes (Drahotusch, Bodenstadt, Barthelsdorf, Jesernik, Lauczka and Podhorn).
Conflagrations
- 1690: A city fire in the whole of Bodenstadt causes great damage.
- 1787: Over 130 houses burned. A Bodenstadt chronicle dating from 1285 is destroyed in the fire.
- 1790: 118 houses including the town hall and rectory burned.
- 1813: 88 houses including the schoolhouse and rectory burned down.
- 1832: 18 houses including church, rectory and school burned down.
- 1852: A city fire in the whole of Bodenstadt causes great damage.
- 1860: Another city fire
- 1866: 101 houses, 2 churches and 13 barns burn to ashes. 11 people die.
City structure
Potštát includes the districts Boškov ( Poschkau ), Kovářov ( Schmiedsau ), Kyžlířov ( Gaisdorf ) and Lipná ( Lindenau ) as well as the localities Hilbrovice ( Hilpersdorf ), Kouty ( Winkelsdorf ), Michalovka ( Michelsbrunn ) and Padesát Luben ) ů ( Fünfzigh ).
Personalities
Honorary citizen
- 1892: Arthur Graf von Desfours-Walderode (1852–1917)
- 1886: Alois Jung, senior teacher, district school inspector
- Jos. Klein († 1926 in Mährisch Weißkirchen)
- Dr. med. Johann Baptist pond
sons and daughters of the town
- Eduard Chmelarz (born March 21, 1847 in Bodenstadt; † December 12, 1900 in Vienna), art historian, studied at the University of Vienna, member of the Institute for Austrian Historical Research in Vienna from 1869 to 1871, civil servant at the Albertina in 1871, custodian from 1875 to 1885 and librarian at the Austrian Museum for Art and Industry, editor of the "Mittheilungen des Österreichisches Museum für Kunst und Industrie" , Deputy Director of the Imperial and Royal Court Library (1887) and director of the Kupferstichkabinett.
- Gerti Egg , also Egg-Teich , (born May 22, 1898 in Bodenstadt), Swiss writer
- Ernst Hampel , (born August 18, 1885 in Bodenstadt; † January 23, 1964 in Oberfellabrunn), citizen school teacher, politician, member of the National Council (1920–1934), doctorate in 1914, member of the Reich Execution Committee of the Greater German People's Party, President of the German Trade and Commerce Trade federation for Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland, chairman of the parliamentary club of the National Economic Bloc, chairman of the general club of Greater German MPs, party commissioner and acting head of the Lower Austrian state trade association, Gauführer deputy in the trade and trade ring (1938), SA leader in the district of Hollabrunnist
Attractions
- Ruins of the Puchart Castle , 6 km southwest near Boňkov
- Renaissance Potštát Castle
- Clock tower with clock from 1910, manufacturer: Turmuhren-Bauanstalt Franz X. Beitel, Bärn
- Plague Column (1713)
- Cross group consisting of the three figures ( St. John of Nepomuk , St. Sarkander and crucified Savior)
- Saint Florian statue (1765)
literature
- Heimatbuch Bodenstadt and the Bodenstädter Ländchen. Edited by Hans Jordan, compiled and edited by Josef Bannert. Fulda no year
- Heimatbuch Kreis Bärn, ed. Heimatkreis Bärn e. V. Langgöns, Langgöns / Marburg 2005.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ Ondřej Felcman, Radek Fukala include: Poděbradové. Rod českomoravských pánů, kladských hrabat a sleszkých knížat . Nakladatelství Lidové Noviny 2008, ISBN 978-80-7106-949-2 , p. 52
- ↑ a b Historický lexikon obcí České republiky - 1869–2015. (PDF) Český statistický úřad, December 18, 2015, accessed on January 24, 2016 (Czech).
- ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 3, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, p. 130.
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Bärn district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).