Pan-European transport corridors
The Pan-European Transport Corridors were designed at three conferences of the European Transport Ministers . At the conference in Prague in 1991, the required transport infrastructure and the corridor concept were defined. In Crete (1994), the participants from Western , Central and Eastern Europe named nine corridors that should be given priority in infrastructure development. At the Helsinki conference in 1997, a tenth corridor and ports important for freight transport were added.
These so-called “Helsinki Corridors” as part of the larger Trans-European Transport Network (TEN) comprised a total of 48,000 km of freight transport routes , of which 25,000 km by rail and 23,000 km by road . Airports , sea and inland ports as well as large train stations are the multimodal connection points for the long-range connections between the Central and Eastern European countries.
Between October 2004 and November 2005, the European Commission set up High Level Working Group II , headed by Loyola de Palacio , to define a limited number of important transport axes between the European Union and its neighboring countries. The 25 EU countries plus Bulgaria and Romania , 26 neighboring countries as well as the European Investment Bank , the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank took part in the working group.
The concept of the Pan-European Transport Corridors was further developed by EU transport policy between 2010 and 2013 and goes well beyond the interim approach of the Priority Projects . The Helsinki corridors are today, partly in an amended form, part of the so-called nine. TEN-T core network corridors (TEN-T Core Network Corridors), in the new Regulation (EU) no. 1315/2013 (PDF) of on guidelines Union for the establishment of a trans-European transport network and particularly taken into account in the Connecting Europe Facility investment program ( Regulation (EU) No. 1316/2013 (PDF) ).
implementation
The concept was intended to promote the development of a future pan-European transport network that encompasses the actual area of the EU (as of 2003), the (then) acceding countries , the successor states of the Soviet Union and other countries. The transport network contains the following components:
- the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN) in the EU
- the TINA network ( Transport Infrastructure Needs Assessment ) consisting of the ten corridors and other facilities of the acceding countries 2004.
- the corridors in the area of future candidate countries, the successor states and other countries.
- the four Pan-European Transport Areas (PETrAs) of the sea areas.
- as well as the Europe-Asia connections, especially TRACECA ( Transport Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Asia )
States involved
country | EU accession |
corridor | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I. | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | IX | X | ||
Germany | EU-15 | x | x | x | x | ||||||
Finland | EU-15 | x | x | ||||||||
Greece | EU-15 | x | x | x | |||||||
Italy | EU-15 | x | |||||||||
Austria | EU-15 | x | x | x | |||||||
Poland | 2004 | x | x | x | x | ||||||
Slovakia | 2004 | x | x | x | x | ||||||
Slovenia | 2004 | x | x | ||||||||
Czech Republic | 2004 | x | x | ||||||||
Hungary | 2004 | x | x | x | x | ||||||
Estonia | 2004 | x | |||||||||
Latvia | 2004 | x | |||||||||
Lithuania | 2004 | x | |||||||||
Bulgaria | 2007 | x | x | x | x | x | |||||
Romania | 2007 | x | x | x | |||||||
Croatia | 2013 | x | x | ||||||||
Moldova | x | ||||||||||
Russia | x | x | x | x | |||||||
Ukraine | x | x | x | ||||||||
Belarus | x | ||||||||||
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
x | ||||||||||
Macedonia | x | x | |||||||||
Serbia | x | x | |||||||||
Albania | x | ||||||||||
Turkey | x |
- Notes on the table
- ↑ A coordination office was set up in Vienna for the railway corridors IV and X and the shipping corridor VII. Its task is to promote the intermodal exchange of goods between ship and rail along the Danube.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Post-Soviet State , (engl. New independent state )
- ↑ a b c d successor state of Yugoslavia
Characteristics
Corridor I.
- Helsinki : Closing the gap with ferry or tunnel not yet determined
- Tallinn - Riga - Kaunas - Warsaw
- Branch IA: Riga - Kaliningrad - Gdansk
- 1655 km of rail
- 1630 km of road
Comments: Delayed start of construction as Rail Baltica (project TEN-V27)
Corridor II
- Berlin - Warsaw - Minsk - Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod
- 2313 km of track
- 2200 km of road
Corridor III
Remarks: Görlitz-Dresden railway , railway Węgliniec-Goerlitz , railway Miłkowice-Jasień , Berlin-Wrocław railway
Corridor IV
- Dresden - Prague - Bratislava / Vienna - Budapest - Arad
- Branch: Nuremberg - Prague
- Branch: Arad - Bucharest - Constanța
- Branch: Arad - Sofia - Istanbul
- Branch: Sofia - Thessaloniki
- 4,340 km of rail
- 3640 km of road
Corridor V
- Venice - Koper - Ljubljana - Budapest - Uzhhorod - Lviv
- Branch: Rijeka - Zagreb - Budapest
- Branch: Ploče - Sarajevo - Budapest
- Branch: Bratislava (Slovakia) - Žilina - Uzhhorod
- 3270 km of rail
- 2850 km of road
Corridor VI
- Gdansk - Grudziądz - Katowice - Žilina
- Branch: Grudziądź - Poznan
- Branch: Zebrzydowice - Ostrava
- 1800 km of rail
- 1880 km of road
Corridor VII
- Danube between its mouth and Regensburg 2415 km
Corridor VIII
This east-west corridor connects the Adriatic ( Pan-European Transport Area Adriatic-Ionian Sea ) with the Black Sea ( Pan-European Transport Area Black Sea ) via the south-eastern Balkan peninsula . The distance via Albania , Macedonia and Bulgaria is 1270 km by rail and 960 km by road. It runs from the port city of Durrës via Tirana , Skopje and Sofia to the ports of Varna and Burgas .
Corridor IX
- Helsinki - Saint Petersburg - Pskov - Kiev - Lyubasewka - Chișinău - Bucharest - Alexandroupoli
- Branch 2003: Klaipeda / Kaliningrad - Vilnius - Minsk - Kiev
- Branch 2003: Ljubasevka - Odessa
- 6500 km of rail
- 5820 km of road
Corridor X
This multimodal transport route runs from northwest to southeast, and connects Austria , Slovenia , Croatia , Serbia , Macedonia as well as Hungary with Greece and Bulgaria . The main axis is Salzburg - Ljubljana - Zagreb - Belgrade - Niš - Skopje - Veles - Thessaloniki with the secondary branches:
- Branch A: Graz - Maribor - Zagreb;
- Branch B: Budapest - Novi Sad - Belgrade,
- Branch C: Niš - Sofia with connection to Corridor IV towards Istanbul ;
- Branch D: Veles - Bitola - Florina - Kozani - Egnatia - Igoumenitsa .
Part of the corridor are around 2528 km of rail lines , 2300 km of roads, twelve airports and four sea and inland ports .
The course of the road through the states of the former Yugoslavia corresponds entirely to the route of the Autoput .
Web links
- Status of the Pan-European Transport Corridors and Transport Areas. (pdf) International Transport Forum, November 28, 2003, accessed on March 18, 2014 (English).
Remarks
- ↑ a b c Status of the Pan-European Transport Corridors and Transport Area. (pdf) The Pan-European Transport Corridors and Transport Area. (No longer available online.) November 28, 2003, pp. 7–9 , archived from the original on March 18, 2014 ; accessed on March 18, 2014 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Networks For Peace And Development - Extension of the major trans-European transport axes to the neighboring countries and regions. Report from the High Level Group chaired by Loyola de Palacio. European Commission , November 2005, accessed March 18, 2014 .
- ^ Status of the Pan-European Transport Corridors and Transport Area. (pdf) Corridor VIII. (No longer available online.) November 28, 2003, pp. 88–91 , archived from the original on March 18, 2014 ; accessed on March 18, 2014 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Status of the Pan-European Transport Corridors and Transport Area. (pdf) Corridor X. (No longer available online.) November 28, 2003, pp. 109–118 , archived from the original on March 18, 2014 ; accessed on March 18, 2014 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.