Žilina
| Žilina | |||
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| coat of arms | map | ||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Slovakia | ||
| Kraj : | Žilinský kraj | ||
| Okres : | Žilina | ||
| Region : | Severné Považie | ||
| Area : | 80.028 km² | ||
| Residents : | 80,727 (Dec. 31, 2019) | ||
| Population density : | 1,009 inhabitants per km² | ||
| Height : | 342 m nm | ||
| Postal code : | 010 01 | ||
| Telephone code : | 0 41 | ||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 13 ' N , 18 ° 44' E | ||
| License plate : | ZA | ||
| Kód obce : | 517402 | ||
| structure | |||
| Community type : | city | ||
| Urban area structure: | 15 districts | ||
| Administration (as of November 2018) | |||
| Mayor : | Peter Fiabáne | ||
| Address: | Mestský úrad Žilina Námestie obetí komunizmu 1 011 31 Žilina |
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| Website: | www.zilina.sk | ||
| Statistics information on statistics.sk | |||
Žilina (German Sillein or Silein , Hungarian Zsolna , Polish Żylina , Latin Solna ) is an important industrial city and center of northwest Slovakia with 80,727 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019). The city is the capital of the Žilina district ( Žilinský kraj ) and the namesake and the most important city of the Žilina district of the same name .
geography
location
Žilina is situated in the valley Žilinská kotlina ( Žilina boiler ) near the border with the Czech Republic and Poland , and is surrounded by numerous mountains. These include Javorníky in the north-west, Kysucká vrchovina (Kischützer Bergland ) in the north-east, Little Fatra in the east and south and Súľovské vrchy in the south-west, all of which belonged to the Western Carpathians . The main river is the Waag , which flows from east to west here and receives two rivers in the city: the Kysuca from the north and the Rajčianka from the south. Žilina is also the largest city on the Waag. In the immediate vicinity of the city there are two reservoirs on the Waag: the Hričov reservoir (2.53 km²) in the west and the newer Žilina reservoir (2.55 km², Sillein reservoir ') in the east. In addition to flood protection, both serve tourism and power generation. The capital Bratislava is located 200 km southwest. The city covers an area of 80.028 km², the height of the market square ( Mariánske námestie ) is 345 m nm
Neighboring communities
Neighboring communities of Žilina are clockwise Rudinka , Kysucké Nové Mesto to the north, Snežnica , Radoľa , Lopušné Pažite and Dolný Vadičov in the Northeast, Kotrčiná Lúčka , Teplička nad Váhom , Mojš , Gbeľany and Strečno in the east, Stráňavy , Višňové and Rosina in the southeast, Lietavská Lúčka in the south, Lietava , Brezany and Hôrky in the south-west, Bitarová , Ovčiarsko , Dolný Hričov and Horný Hričov in the west and Kunerad and Divina in the north-west.
climate
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Žilina
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history
Early history and the Middle Ages
The town of Žilina is an old settlement ( Paleolithic , Lusatian culture , Puchau culture ). In the time of Great Moravia there was a Slavic / Slovak settlement here. A Romanesque church stood here in the 12th century.
In the Middle Ages , Žilina was just a small town (fewer than 1000 inhabitants). The first source evidence comes from 1208 in the form terra de Selinan (see below). The center of the old Slavic city of Žilina was located near the Church of St. Stephen in the Rudiny district. The church has survived to this day as the only monument from this period.
In the vicinity of the old city, which was destroyed at the end of the 13th century, German colonists from the Silesian principality of Teschen established a new settlement at the beginning of the 14th century. Before 1312 Žilina received town charter. In 1321 Žilina was granted market rights and miles by King Karl Robert . The city became the center of handicrafts, trade and administration for numerous municipalities in north-western Slovakia. One of the most valuable documents is the document of King Ludwig I the Great from 1381 called Privilegium pro Slavis . This document settled social, economic and, above all, national contradictions between Slovaks and Germans. The king ordered that the city council should be equally occupied by Germans and Slovaks, which supposedly "has been practiced since the city was founded". The proportion of the German population was already falling significantly at this time.
City law book
The old city law book is a very important language monument: its first part from 1378 in late Middle High German contains Magdeburg city law and some prayers. The second part of 1473 contains the translation of the first part into a Slovakized Czech. It is the oldest surviving legal text, which was written in the official Slovak language of the time. The third part from 1380–1524 contains various entries in German , Latin and in Slovakized Czech.
Modern times
In the 16th century the city became Protestant. In 1610 the important Synod of Žilina took place here, which for the first time established a Protestant ecclesiastical organization in Royal Hungary. Towards the end of the 17th century, however, a strong re-Catholicization set in and, due to the fierce resistance of the local citizens, led to a treaty in 1691, on the basis of which the now royal free city lost its rights and was reduced to a subject city.
As a result of prolonged fighting, a plague of locusts (1693), flood damage, fires (1521 and 1678 the city burned down almost completely) and plague epidemics (1710 and 1713), the city fell into economic disrepair at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries.
19th and 20th centuries
An economic revival came after the expansion of the Košice-Bohumín railway line (1871) and the Waag line (1883). The town became an important railway junction and thus received a decisive impetus for the development of industry (1891 cloth factory, 1892 fertilizer factory, 1896 electric motor factory and others).
From December 11, 1918 to February 3, 1919, Žilina was the seat of the first (temporary) Slovak government within Czechoslovakia , chaired by Vavro Šrobár . On October 6, 1938, Slovak autonomy within Czechoslovakia was declared here again. The city was also the scene of the first fighting of the Slovak National Uprising .
After the Second World War, many new companies were established here (large-scale panel plant, cold store, brickworks, steel structures and others) and the Žilina University (1953).
1949–1960 and since 1996 Žilina was the seat of a landscape association .
The following municipalities were attached to the city: Bánová (1970), Budatín (1949), Bytčica (1970), Považský Chlmec (1970), Trnové (1970) and Závodie (1949).
21st century
The Kia Motors Slovakia automobile plant was built near the city between 2004 and 2006 . It is considered the first European plant of the Kia group.
History of the city name
The first source evidence comes from 1208 in the form of terra de Selinan . The Slovak name is derived either from the personal name Žila + possessive ending -ina ("(The village) of Žila"), or from the personal name Žilin + ending -jane ("The people of Žilin / the Žilins"). The German and Hungarian form of the name emerged from the Slovak.
population
According to the 2011 census, Žilina had 81,494 inhabitants, of whom 74,331 Slovaks , 917 Czechs , 292 Roma , 101 Moravians , 93 Magyars , 51 Russians , 49 Poles , 43 Germans , 32 Russians and 27 Ukrainians ; all other residents either belonged to an ethnic group with fewer than 25 members or to another ethnic group not listed in the statistics. 5,393 residents did not provide any information. 53,674 residents supported the Roman Catholic Church , 2,717 residents the Evangelical Church AB , 326 residents the Greek Catholic Church , 176 residents the Jehovah's Witnesses , 142 residents the Orthodox Church , 117 residents the Congregational Church, 100 residents the Brethren Church, 91 Residents of the Evangelical Methodist Church and 52 residents of the Reformed Church (Calvinists); other residents either committed themselves to a denomination with fewer than 50 members or to a denomination not listed separately in the statistics. 14,964 residents had no denomination and the denomination of 8,323 residents was not determined.
Results after the 2001 census (85,400 inhabitants):
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By ethnicity:
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By denomination:
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Attractions
The inner city of Žilina is similar to that of Bratislava designed as a very large pedestrian zone, in which shopping and gastronomy dominate.
Other sights:
- very well preserved square medieval market square with arcades , with:
- the old town hall
- the Jesuit Church with a monastery
- other churches:
- Catholic parish and cathedral church of the Holy Trinity (Slovak: "Katedrála Najsvätejšej Trojice") built in 1400.
- Franciscan church ("Kostol sv. Barbory" or "Františkánsky kostol") built in 1730.
- Protestant Church (built in 1936)
- Synagogue , built between 1928 and 1934 (see also Jewish cemetery (Žilina) )
- Budatín Castle in the Budatín district: a moated castle on the north bank of the Waag , which was built after 1545 around a Gothic watchtower from the 13th century. The tower was used as a customs post for a long time. The palace was last renovated in the classical style in 1849–1923 . Today the castle houses a museum, the permanent exhibition of which is dedicated to the wire binding trade.
Sports
The football club MŠK Žilina plays in the Fortuna liga , the highest Slovak league and has been Slovak champion six times so far. In the 2010/11 season they made it through to the group stage of the UEFA Champions League, but finished bottom of the group. Another sports club is the ice hockey club MsHK Žilina , which participates in the extra league and has so far won the league once.
City structure
The city officially consists of the following 15 districts:
- Bánová (incorporated in 1970)
- Brodno (incorporated in 1980)
- Budatín (incorporated in 1949)
- Bytčica (incorporated in 1970)
- Celulózka
- Mojšova Lúčka (incorporated in 1980)
- Považský Chlmec (incorporated in 1970)
- Strážov (incorporated in 1970)
- Trnové (incorporated in 1970)
- Vranie (incorporated in 1980)
- Zádubnie (incorporated in 1980)
- Zástranie (incorporated in 1980)
- Závodie (incorporated in 1949)
- Žilina with the districts Staré mesto, Hliny, Hájik, Solinky, Vlčince and Rosinky
- Žilinská Lehota (incorporated in 1980)
traffic
railroad
Žilina is a railway junction and is located at the ends of the railway lines from Bratislava and Košice and thus almost exactly in the middle of the railway connection Bratislava - Žilina - Poprad - Košice. There is also a local train to Rajec .
A further main route leads over Čadca to Ostrava and Prague and after Katowice . There is also a regional train connection to Rajec .
Bratislava and Košice can be reached by express trains of the Slovak State Railways every 2 hours. The much faster Intercity trains run less often, with them the journey time to Bratislava is 2:30 and to Košice 2:40.
In international traffic there are regular connections to Vienna , Katowice , Warsaw , Krakow , Prague , Brno and Kiev . There is a SuperCity connection to Prague or Košice once a day . In addition, the two private railway companies Leo Express and Regiojet offer direct connections u. a. to Prague, Bratislava and Kosice .
city traffic
There are a few trolleybus routes and a city bus system.
Street
Žilina is on the not yet completed D1 , which is to connect Bratislava with Košice, and on the partially completed D3 . Currently only state roads lead to Žilina. You can now easily reach Žilina via the D1, as the motorway from Bratislava to the city limits of Žilina has been completed. There is still no connection to Košice. Other state roads lead north to the Czech Republic and Poland (designation: I / 11 ), Martin and Bytča ( I / 18 ) and Prievidza ( I / 64 ).
Three European highways cross in Žilina: 50 , 75 and 442 .
Air traffic
The Žilina Airport is an international airport with the IATA airport code ILZ and the ICAO code LZZI .
Town twinning
Žilina has twelve twin cities:
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sons and daughters of the town
- Jakab Cseszneky , Hungarian aristocrat of the 13th century
- Elias Ladiver (1631–1686), Hungarian educator
- Viktor Tausk (1879–1919), psychoanalyst
- Gwido Langer (1894–1948), Polish cryptanalyst
- Jana Štěpánková (1934–2018), actress
- Ľubomír Feldek (* 1936), writer
- Július Haas (* 1948), ice hockey player and coach
- Dárius Rusnák (* 1959), ice hockey striker
- Stanislav Griga (* 1961), football coach
- Roman Ondák (* 1966), artist
- Vladimír Leitner (* 1974), football player
- Martin Riška (* 1975), racing cyclist
- Marek Mintál (* 1977), national soccer player
- Ronald Petrovický (* 1977), ice hockey striker
- Zuzana Babiaková (* 1978), figure skater
- Peter Diviš (* 1978), volleyball player
- Karol Križan (* 1980), ice hockey goalkeeper
- Radoslav Židek (* 1981), snowboarder
- Roman Patkoló (* 1982), double bass player
- Dušan Kuciak (* 1985), national soccer player
- Tomáš Bezdeda (* 1985), singer
- Peter Pekarík (* 1986), national soccer player
- Lukáš Diviš (* 1986), volleyball player
- Peter Sagan (* 1990), cyclocross, mountain bike and road cyclist
- Stanislav Horanský (* 1994), ice hockey striker
- Peter Cehlárik (* 1995), ice hockey striker
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ 2011 census by ethnicity (Slovak) ( Memento from October 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ 2011 census by denomination (Slovak) ( Memento from September 7, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ The city's website - Partnerské mestá , accessed on November 21, 2017
