Krasnoyarsk

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Krasnoyarsk (disambiguation) .

city Krasnoyarsk Красноярск flag coat of arms Federal district Siberia region Krasnoyarsk Urban district Krasnoyarsk mayor Sergey Yeryomin Founded 1628 City since 1822 surface 348  km² population 973,826 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 2798 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 259  m Time zone UTC + 7 Telephone code (+7) 391 Post Code 660000-660136 License Plate 24, 84, 88, 124 OKATO 04 401 Website www.admkrsk.ru Geographical location Coordinates 56 ° 0 ′  N , 92 ° 56 ′  E Coordinates: 56 ° 0 ′ 0 ″  N , 92 ° 56 ′ 0 ″  E

Situation in Russia

Location in the Krasnoyarsk Territory

List of cities in Russia

Krasnoyarsk ( Russian Красноярск ,  [ krəsnɐˈjarsk ] ) is a city in Russia on the Yenisei River and on the Trans-Siberian Railway . With 973,826 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010), Krasnoyarsk is the third largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk and Omsk . It is the capital of the Krasnoyarsk region and about 3360 km east of Moscow .

City structure

The city is divided into seven Rajons (districts):

• Kirowski
• Leninsky
• Oktyabrsky
• Soviet ski
• Sverdlovsky
• Zentralny
• Zheleznodorozhny

history

A historic house in Krasnoyarsk

Krasnoyarsk was founded in 1628 as an Ostrog (wooden fortress) by a Cossack association as "Krasny Jar" ( beautiful or red steep slope , derived from an earlier Turkic-speaking name of the place) by Andrei Dubenski to protect Yenisysk from attacks by the Kyrgyz people . The newly established settlement was four days' ride from Yenisseysk on the northern border of Kyrgyz settlements. The Kyrgyz attacked the new fortress, but could not take it. 1690 was Russia , Siberia is permanently attached, and Krasnoyarsk was awarded city status. After the peace with Manchuria in 1728, Krasnoyarsk increasingly lost its strategic importance as a military outpost. Despite the future peaceful life, the city did not grow. A fire in 1773 devastated almost the entire city, only 30 houses were spared. At the end of the 18th century the population was 850 men , 80% of them soldiers. In 1807 the founder of the Russian-American trading company Nikolai Resanov died of a cold in the city on his way back from California to Saint Petersburg . At the presumed location of his burial place there is now a tomb.

On December 12, 1822, the Yenisisk Governorate was established under the newly established Eastern Siberian Governor General (Governor General Lawinsky ), whose capital was Krasnoyarsk. At that time, a telephone station, elementary school, a girls 'high school, teachers' seminar and a crafts school were opened. Merchants, craftsmen and gold mine owners moved to Krasnoyarsk. The first stone buildings were erected, a park laid out and a printing shop opened. With the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway in 1895, which connected Krasnoyarsk with the center of Russia, the city experienced an economic boom. On December 6, 1896, the first train of the Trans-Siberian Railway arrived in Krasnoyarsk. Three years later the railway bridge over the Yenisei was opened (by Yevgeny Knorre and Lavrent Proskuryakov ) and Krasnoyarsk became the largest transport hub in Siberia. In 1897 Lenin was exiled to Siberia for three years, to Shushenskoye south of Krasnoyarsk.

Before the Second World War , 40,000 people lived in Krasnoyarsk. The city grew through evacuation of the civilian population from the western part of the Soviet Union during the war and political exile . Between 1938 and 1956, a million people were deported to the West Siberian region of Krasnoyarsk and used in forced labor . In 1941 the locomotive works " Krasny Profintern " relocated to Krasnoyarsk started work. Other war-risk industries were behind the Ural moved to Krasnoyarsk. In the course of the war, the industrial capacity increased sevenfold, so that Krasnoyarsk overtook Irkutsk and became the industrial center of Eastern Siberia. In September 1961, the first cubic meter of concrete for the construction of the Krasnoyarsk hydropower plant was processed and the municipal bridge (length: 2100 m) was put into operation. Construction of the Krasnoyarsk Metro began in the mid- 1990s . In 1987 the October Bridge over the Yenisei was opened (length: 5000 m, width: 41 m).

Population development

year	Residents
1897	26,699
1939	189,977
1959	412,375
1970	648.113
1979	796.305
1989	912,629
2002	909.341
2010	973.826

Note: census data

Attractions

Church of the Protection and Intercession of the Virgin Mary (1795)

10 ruble note with motifs from Krasnoyarsk

Municipal bridge over the Yenisei in Krasnoyarsk

Krasnoyarsk train station on the Trans-Siberian

Railway bridge over the Yenisei

Stolby Nature Reserve near Krasnoyarsk

Three landmarks of the city are depicted on the 10-ruble note - which has been replaced by coins since 2009: the Paraskewa-Pyatnitsa chapel, the municipal bridge over the Yenisei and - on the back - the power station on the Krasnoyarsk reservoir .

The Paraskewa- Pyatnitsa chapel ( Часовня Параскевы Пятницы ) is enthroned on a hill Karaulnaja (literally: "guard hill") above Krasnoyarsk. Originally there was a pagan shrine, later a watchtower of the Krasnoyarsk fortress. The chapel was built in 1804 and rebuilt from 1852 to 1855 by the architects J. Alfejew and J. Nabalow. It was not used in Soviet times and fell into disrepair. It was not until perestroika that she was accepted back into the Yenisei diocese.

Near the Municipal Bridge is the historical and ethnographic museum in an Egyptian-style building with a large collection of old photos of Siberia.

The former Lenin Museum was opened in 1987 and next to it on the Yenisei is the restored river steamer Svjatitel Nikolai , with which Lenin and his companions drove upstream to Minusinsk into exile.

Prospect Mira is the main shopping street for Krasnoyarsk residents. It has been renamed five times: first it was called Great Street, then Voskressenskaya Street - after the name of the first three-story stone Voskressenskaya church that was built on Strelka in the middle of the 19th century. After the First World War it was the Soviet street, later it was called Stalin Prospect and today Prospekt Mira ("Avenue of Peace").

In the southwest of the city, the Transsib crosses the Yenisei on the 940 m long Krasnoyarsk railway bridge . It was built between 1893 and 1896 according to a design by Yevgeny Knorre and Lawr Proskuryakov and was awarded at the Paris World Exhibition in 1900 .

Near the eastern end of the bridge is the house of the Siberian merchant, book lover and collector G. W. Judin. He had compiled a private library of around 80,000 volumes. It was bought by the American Library of Congress in 1906 and forms the cornerstone of their Russian collection.

An unofficial landmark of Krasnoyarsk, visible from afar from many parts of the city, is an unfinished, 28-story office tower. Its construction began shortly before perestroika and stopped in the turmoil of upheaval .

In the vicinity of Krasnoyarsk is the famous nature reserve " Stolby " ("Pillars", Russian: Столбы ). The name comes from the rock pillars that are up to 100 meters high.

One of the largest ship lifts is located 35 km to the west near Divnogorsk on the Yenisei . It is designed as an inclined elevator and serves to overcome the barrage of the Krasnoyarsk reservoir .

The Krasnoyarsk Children 's Railway, popular not only with children, circles in the city's central park.

Sports

The city is home to the rugby teams Krasny Yar Krasnoyarsk and Yenisei-STM Krasnoyarsk . In ice hockey, Krasnoyarsk is represented by the team from HK Sokol Krasnoyarsk and in bandy by HK Yenisei Krasnoyarsk .

The city is also represented in football by the Yenisei Krasnoyarsk club . In 2018, the first promotion to the highest Russian league level ( Premjer League ) was celebrated. Home games are played in the city's central stadium , which has a capacity of 15,000 and was opened in 1967.

Economy and industry

Krasnoyarsk is the day to Rusal belonging second largest aluminum plant in the world Krasnojarski aljuminijewy zavod (KrAZ, Russian Красноярский алюминиевый завод ). Among other things, to meet the energy needs of the aluminum plant, a hydropower plant was put into operation on the Krasnoyarsk reservoir in 1967, 30 km west of Krasnoyarsk . The Krasnoyarsk hydropower plant has an output of 6,000  megawatts , making it one of the largest in the world.

Several other industrial giants are also based in Krasnoyarsk:

• Mining
• Mechanical engineering (Красноярский машиностроительный завод - Красмаш, Krasmasch)
• chemistry
• Metal processing.

Close to the city of Krasnoyarsk is one of the largest underground industrial complexes in the world, the "Mining and Chemical Combine" Zheleznogorsk (formerly Krasnoyarsk-26), a previously top-secret company that has been shielded from the outside world since it was founded in the 1950s Among other things, material for the Russian nuclear weapons program was produced in three plutonium reactors .

Russia's first repository for radioactive material is scheduled to go into operation in 2011 in Krasnoyarsk.

In the city is the administration of the Krasnoyarsk Railway , the branch of the Russian Railways , which operates the Trans-Siberian Railway on the route kilometers 3713 to 4489 and its branches on this section, for example to Abakan in Khakassia .

traffic

Plan of the future Krasnoyarsk Metro

Local transport

The Krasnoyarsk Metro has been under construction since 1994. The opening has been postponed again and again, mainly due to insufficient funding. The work has been suspended since 2008 for financial reasons.

Airport

On July 14, 2006, the foundation stone was laid for the new freight terminal at Jemeljanowo International Airport . The project managers are AirBridge Cargo (ABC), KrasAir, Swissport and representatives from the administration. Another airport for regional traffic is Cheremshanka Airport , located just east of Yemelyanovo . Its main building was completely destroyed in a fire on December 19, 2011 after a short circuit.

railroad

Krasnoyarsk is connected to the Trans-Siberian Railway , which runs from Moscow through the city and all of Siberia to Vladivostok on the Pacific .

Trunk roads

The city lies on the transcontinental road connection from Moscow to Vladivostok ( R255 ). At the same time Krasnoyarsk is the starting point of the 1,111-kilometer diversion R257 , the south on the west bank of the Krasnoyarsk reservoir of the eponymous Yenisei along to Abakan (capital of Khakassia ), to the right of the Yenisei to Kyzyl (capital of Tuva ) and on to Zagan Tolgoi to the border with Mongolia leads.

science and education

Krasnoyarsk Ethnographic Museum

State Opera and Ballet Krasnoyarsk

Several colleges and universities are located in Krasnoyarsk:

• Faculty of the Novosibirsk State Academy of Waterway Transport
• Branch of the Moscow Public Social University
• Branch of the Humanities University of the Saint Petersburg Trade Union Associations
• Branch of the Siberian State University of Transport
• University of the Interior Ministry of Russia in Krasnoyarsk
• Institute of Social Sciences Krasnoyarsk
• Krasnoyarsk State Agricultural University
• State Academy of Architecture and Construction Krasnoyarsk
• State Academy of Non-ferrous Metals and Gold Krasnoyarsk
• Krasnoyarsk State Medical Academy
• Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University
• Krasnoyarsk State Technical University
• Krasnoyarsk State University
• State Art Institute Krasnoyarsk
• State Economic Trade Institute Krasnoyarsk
• Military College of Telecommunications
• Siberian State Aerospace University "MF Reshetnjow"
• Siberian State Technological University
• Siberian Institute of Economics, Administration and Psychology
• Siberian Social Institute

Krasnoyarsk has also had a large opera and ballet theater since 1978 .

Town twinning

Krasnoyarsk lists the following 15 international and eleven national twin cities :

city	country	since
Changchun	Jilin, People's Republic of China	2014
Cremona	Lombardy, Italy	2006
Daqing	Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China	2002
Dnipro	Ukraine	2007
Harbin	Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China	2003
Hey	Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China	1999
Irkutsk	Siberia, Russia	2013
Istaravshan	Sughd, Tajikistan	2000
Kaliningrad	Northwestern District, Russia	1999
Kazan	Tatarstan, Volga, Russia	2001
Kyzyl	Tuva, Siberia, Russia	2002
Mirny	Sacha, Far East, Russia	1999
Mahiljou	Belarus	2001
Moscow	Central Russia, Russia	1998
Norilsk	Krasnoyarsk, Siberia, Russia	2000
Novosibirsk	Siberia, Russia	2013
Omsk	Siberia, Russia	2011
Oneonta	New York, United States	2004
Qiqihar	Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China	2005
Sayansk	Irkutsk, Siberia, Russia	2011
Samarqand	Uzbekistan	2003
St. Petersburg	Northwestern District, Russia	1998
Sault Sainte Marie	Ontario, Canada	2002
Tomsk	Siberia, Russia	2013
Cheboksary	Chuvashia, Volga, Russia	2003
Ulaanbaatar	Mongolia	2003
Unterschleissheim	Bayern Germany	2009
Žilina	Slovakia	2013

sons and daughters of the town

→ Main article : List of personalities of the city of Krasnoyarsk

Former Lenin Museum and Krasnoyarsk Concert Hall

The sons and daughters of the city of Krasnoyarsk include: a. the Russian composer Vladimir Rebikow (1866–1920), the Austrian singer Bob Martin (1922–1998), the football player and coach Oleg Romanzew (* 1954), the wrestler and world champion in featherweight Viktor Alexejew (* 1956), the opera singer Dmitri Chworostowski (1962-2017), the governor of Moscow Oblast Andrei Vorobjow (* 1970), the hurdler and world champion Julija Pschonkina (* 1978), the German pop singer Helene Fischer (* 1984), the foil fencer Dmitri Rigin (* 1985) and the Figure skaters Xenia Krassilnikowa (* 1991) and Sofja Samodurova (* 2002), European champion from 2019.

Climate in Krasnoyarsk

Krasnoyarsk
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     17th   -12 -20     13   -10 -20     15th   -1 -11     30th   7th -3     48   16 4th     59   22nd 10     81   25th 13     68   21st 11     41   15th 5     41   5 -3     38   -4 -11     26th   -10 -18 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: Roshydromet

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Krasnoyarsk Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) −11.5 −10.2 −1.2 7.1 15.8 22.4 24.5 21.3 14.7 5.3 −3.6 −9.7 O 6.3 Min. Temperature (° C) −20.0 −19.5 −11.1 −3.4 3.8 10.0 13.1 10.5 4.6 −2.8 −11.4 −17.8 O −3.6 Precipitation ( mm ) 17th 13 15th 30th 48 59 81 68 41 41 38 26th Σ 477 Rainy days ( d ) 5 4th 5 7th 9 9 10 10 9 10 10 8th Σ 96 Source: Roshydromet

See also

Commons : Krasnoyarsk  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Web links

• Krasnoyarsk City Administration
• Krasnoyarsk City Administration: Chronology (German)
• Basic information (German)
• The Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ Digitized images at the Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore ( Memento of the original March 12, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link is automatically inserted and not yet tested. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
3. ↑ http://www.loc.gov/rr/european/yudin/yudin-leich.html ( English ) 2015. Accessed June 5, 2015.
4. ^ Report on faz.net of December 7, 2010 , accessed on December 7, 2010
5. ↑ Krasnoyarsk line ( Memento of the original from March 31, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
6. ↑ Russian airport burned down completely. on Nachrichten.at , accessed on December 20, 2011
7. ↑ http://www.gup.ru/
8. ^ Foreign Relations - Krasnoyarsk city administration official website. Retrieved April 22, 2017 . 
9. ^ Intermunicipal cooperation - Krasnoyarsk city administration official website. Retrieved April 22, 2017 .