Tomsk

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Tomsk (disambiguation) .

city Tomsk Томск flag coat of arms Federal district Siberia Oblast Tomsk Urban district Tomsk Founded 1604 City since 1782 surface 294.6  km² population 524,669 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 1781 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 110  m Time zone UTC + 7 Telephone code (+7) 3822 Post Code 634000-634069 License Plate 70 OKATO 69 401 Website www.admin.tomsk.ru Geographical location Coordinates 56 ° 30 ′  N , 84 ° 58 ′  E Coordinates: 56 ° 30 ′ 0 ″  N , 84 ° 58 ′ 0 ″  E

Situation in Russia

Location in Tomsk Oblast

List of cities in Russia

Tomsk ( Russian Томск ) is a city in Tomsk Oblast in the western part of Siberia and in the central part of Russia . It has 524,669 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010), of which about 100,000 are students and (as of 2006) about 13,000 Russian- Germans . The city is located on the right bank of the Tom River 60 km before its confluence with the Ob , almost 2900 km east of Moscow as the crow flies .

City districts (residents 2009)

• Kirovsky Raion - 128,517 inhabitants
• Leninsky Raion - 113,616 inhabitants
• Oktyabrsky district - 153,098 inhabitants
• Sovetsky Raion - 106,553 inhabitants

climate

The city has a continental climate with an annual average temperature of −1.3 ° C. In winter values ​​of −21 ° C to −19 ° C (mean values ​​in January) are common, in summer +17 ° C to +18 ° C (mean values ​​in July). The lowest recorded temperature in Tomsk was −55 ° C and was recorded in January 1969.

Tomsk
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     32   -13 -22     21st   -11 -22     22nd   -2 -13     27   7th -4     46   16 4th     60   22nd 10     73   25th 13     71   21st 10     43   15th 5     51   5 -3     52   -5 -13     41   -11 -20 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: Roshydromet

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Tomsk Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) −13.3 −11.3 −2.3 6.5 15.8 22.3 24.9 21.3 15.1 4.6 −4.9 −11.2 O 5.7 Min. Temperature (° C) −22.0 −21.6 −13.3 −4.0 3.5 10.1 13.3 10.4 4.9 −2.5 −12.5 −19.7 O −4.4 Precipitation ( mm ) 32 21st 22nd 27 46 60 73 71 43 51 52 41 Σ 539 Rainy days ( d ) 10 7th 7th 7th 9 9 10 10 9 12 13 11 Σ 114 Source: Roshydromet

history

Wooden architecture in Tomsk

Tomsk was founded in 1604 on the orders of Tsar Boris Godunov (1552-1605) on a hill on the bank of the Tom River as a Cossack fortress ( Ostrog ). In the course of the 17th century, the military base was subjected to several attacks by the Kyrgyz (1614, 1617, 1657 and 1698). After 1700 Tomsk lost its military importance.

In contrast, the economic importance of Tomsk as a trading center increased, especially through the construction of the Siberian tract , an army and trade route through Siberia that led through Tomsk.

In 1804 Tomsk became the capital of Tomsk Governorate , a huge administrative area that encompassed half of Western Siberia. The city's growth was further boosted around 1840 by gold mining in the region, which attracted many people.

Tomsk became the educational center of Siberia, the so-called "Siberian Athens". The first Siberian university was founded here in 1880 and the first Siberian Technical Institute opened in 1896.

With the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway , Tomsk gradually lost its importance, as the decision to build the bridge over the Ob River, which was completed in 1898, was about 250 kilometers further south. From this then insignificant place, the megacity Novosibirsk developed in the following period . The city of Tomsk was only connected to the Trans-Siberian Railway by a branch line. The loss of importance was also evident in the restructuring of the administration. After the October Revolution of 1917 , the Tomsk Governorate became part of the Siberia region and Tomsk later became a city within the Novosibirsk Oblast .

During the Second World War , about 30 factories were relocated from the European part of Russia to Tomsk in order to maintain production. Here the regained importance is also expressed through an administrative reform, since the Tomsk Oblast was founded in 1944.

During the Cold War , Tomsk, like many other cities, was a closed city , so that entry, especially foreigners, was generally not permitted. In 1949, Tomsk-7 (initially under the code name Postfach 5 ) was even founded just a few kilometers to the north as a secret city in order to build the Tomsk nuclear facility . Tomsk-7 later became the city of Seversk .

In 1970 Tomsk was declared a historical city . It was finally reopened during the perestroika era . In 2004 the city wanted to celebrate its 400th anniversary. However, these celebrations were overshadowed and canceled by the Beslan hostage-taking .

On April 26 and 27, 2006 Tomsk was the venue for the 8th German-Russian government consultations , in which German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Russian President Vladimir Putin also took part.

The Tomsk Botanical Garden is one of the oldest in Siberia.

Population development

year	Residents
1699	2,000
1801	7.125
1866	22,753
1897	52.210
1911	111,417
1926	92,485
1939	145.060
1959	248,823
1970	338.389
1979	420.730
1989	501.963
2002	487.838
2010	524,669

Note: 1897, from 1926 census data

traffic

Tomsk train station

Trolleybuses in Tomsk

Statue of the writer Anton Chekhov , who visited Tomsk in 1890 and portrayed in his travelogue In Siberia

Tomsk has a (main) train station and is connected to the Taiga - Bely Jar railway line . There are further stops for suburban and regional trains in the city. In Taiga there is a connection to the Trans-Siberian Railway.

In 1967 Tomsk Bogashovo Airport opened , which is served by several airlines. Bogaschowo was the home airport of Tomsk Avia, which was dissolved in 2015 .

The Russian state road ("Automobile Highway of the Russian Federation") M53 "Baikal" from Novosibirsk to Irkutsk runs through Tomsk.

The traffic within the city is carried out by trolleybuses and normal buses as well as a few tram lines, but mainly by microbuses, i.e. smaller buses that also follow a certain route and are slightly more expensive than the trolleybuses. These buses usually stop at fixed stops at the request of passengers who get off or on hand signals from people who want to get on.

economy

Today Tomsk is a science and cultural center of Siberia. Due to the large oil reserves in the area, many oil-producing and oil processing companies have settled in Tomsk. The IT industry , especially software development , is also important for the city .

Further educational institutions

Main building of the State University

With two large universities with more than 25,000 students each and numerous smaller universities or branches of these, the city of Tomsk has a special significance in the field of education within Russia.

Big universities

• The Tomsk State University is one of the oldest universities of Russia and the oldest in Siberia.
• The Tomsk Polytechnic University has a similar meaning as the state university and is the oldest technical university in Siberia.

Other universities

• Branch of the Moscow State Public Pedagogical University
• Branch of the State Academy of Waterways Transport Novosibirsk
• Branch of the Regional Public University
• Red Star Order Command Military College for Telecommunications
• Siberian State Medical University
• Tomsk branch of the Novosibirsk State Agrarian University
• Higher Economic and Legal College Tomsk
• Tomsk Military Medical Institute
• Tomsk Economic and Legal Institute
• Tomsk State Pedagogical University
• Tomsk State University of Architecture and Construction
• Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Telecommunications (formerly State Academy)

Sports

In football, the city is represented by the club FK Tom Tomsk, founded in 1957, in the Perwenstwo FNL . Its home ground is the Trud Stadium , which was opened in 1929 and has a capacity of 15,000 spectators.

sons and daughters of the town

• Jakow Jurowski (1878–1938), Chekist and party functionary, directed the assassination of the tsarist family
• Nikolai Baranski (1881–1963), economist and geographer
• Maria Kurenko (1890–1980), opera singer (soprano)
• Michail Tscheremnych (1890–1962), graphic artist and caricaturist
• Anatoli Pepeljajew (1891–1938), general and white guard
• Marija Bolschanina (1898–1984), physicist, materials scientist and university professor
• Jelisaveta Kaminskaja-Dulskaja (1899–1995), geologist and university professor
• Artur von Behr (1904–1974), German-Baltic publisher and political activist
• Alexei Tschernow (1908–1979), theater and film actor
• Tatiana Proskouriakoff (1909–1985), archaeologist and illustrator
• Michail Possochin (1910–1989), architect and urban planner
• Nadežda Peedi-Hoffmann (1911–1938), Estonian beauty queen and film actress
• Antonina Poloschi (1917–2003), botanist and university professor
• Ivan Poschidajew (1918–2013), athlete
• Voldemar Panso (1920–1977), Soviet-Estonian actor, screenwriter and educator
• Władysław Skonecki (1920–1983), Polish tennis player
• Leonid Afanassjew (1921–1995), composer
• Karl Vaino (* 1923), Soviet-Estonian politician
• Olga Tschepurowa (1925–1959), TV presenter and theater and film actress
• Andrei Anikin (1927–2001), economist and writer
• Edisson Denissow (1929–1996), composer
• Viktor Toponogow (1930-2004), mathematician
• Nikolai Rukawischnikow (1932–2002), physicist and cosmonaut
• Boris Rumiancev (* 1936), Lithuanian-Russian chess player
• Alexander Morosow (1939–2003), track and field athlete
• Lev Ponomarjow (* 1941), politician and human rights activist
• Anatoly Saizew (* 1947), Nordic combined athlete
• Oleg Swerew (* 1949), conductor
• Alexei Rudoi (1952–2018), geographer and professor of geology and geomorphology at Tomsk State University
• Wladislaw Hedeler (* 1953), German historian, translator and publicist
• Jelisaweta Kotorowa (* 1954), linguist, Germanist
• Zvi Heifetz (* 1956), Israeli lawyer, entrepreneur and Israeli ambassador to Austria
• Inna Rose (* 1958), Soviet-Estonian sports shooter
• Jelena Boldyrewa (* 1961), solid-state chemist and university lecturer
• Wadim Mesjaz (* 1964), physicist, poet, writer and publicist
• Nikolai Borschtschewski (* 1965), ice hockey player and coach, 1992 Olympic champion
• Dmitry Feichtner-Kozlov (* 1972), German-Russian mathematician and university professor
• Andrei Subbotin (* 1973), ice hockey player
• Yevgeny Sennikow (* 1974), freestyle skier
• Alexei Klimow (* 1975), marksman
• Andrei Andrejew (* 1976), politician
• Dmitri Subbotin (* 1977), ice hockey player
• Denis Dolgodworow (* 1982), freestyle skier
• Vladimir Tyumensev (* 1982), freestyle skier
• Artyom Walintejew (* 1983), freestyle skier
• Alexander Kaun (* 1985), basketball player
• Wladislawa Burejewa (* 1989), ski racer
• Alexandra Schiller (* 1989), German actress and comedian
• Leonhard Dering (* 1991), German-Russian pianist
• Anna Mirtowa (* 1992), freestyle skier

Twin cities

Tomsk lists the following twin cities :

• Monroe , United States, since 1995
• Tbilisi , Georgia, since 2002
• Ulsan , South Korea, since 2003
• Novorossiysk , Russia, since 2008
• Smolensk , Russia, since 2009

See also

• Kashak

literature

• Werner Blaser : Tomsk. Texture in Wood - Texture en Bois - Texture in wood. Birkhäuser, Basel / Boston / Berlin 1994.

Web links

Commons : Tomsk  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: Tomsk  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

• Information portal Tomsk
• Official city portal tomsk.ru (Russian)
• The weather in Tomsk (Russian)
• Photo album "400 years of Tomsk" (Russian / English)
• State Duma of Tomsk Region (German, Russian, English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ Cornelia Rabitz: Merkel, Putin and the topics of Tomsk Deutsche Welle of April 25, 2006, accessed on June 11, 2020.
3. ↑ Legal status and socio-cultural promotion of the German minority in Russia Scientific service of the German Bundestag, June 14, 2006, p. 3 (PDF; 72.5 KB), accessed June 11, 2020.
4. ↑ ^{a b} Bodo Thöns: Siberia: Cities and Landscapes between the Urals and the Pacific . 6th edition, Trescher, Berlin 2016, p. 153, ISBN 978-3-89794-332-2
5. ↑ Ivan Pozhidayev in the database of Sports-Reference (English)
6. ↑ Anatoly Zaytsev in the database of Sports-Reference (English)
7. ↑ Yevgeny Sennikov in the database of Sports-Reference (English)
8. ↑ Сенников Евгений , infosport.ru (Russian)
9. ↑ Aleksey Klimov in the database of Sports-Reference (English)
10. ↑ Denis Dolgodvorov in the database of Sports-Reference (English)
11. ↑ Vladimir Tyumentsev in the database of Sports-Reference (English)
12. ↑ Тюменцев Владимир Юрьевич , infosport.ru (Russian)
13. ↑ Artyom Valinteyev in the database of Sports-Reference (English)
14. ↑ Anna Mirtova in the database of Sports-Reference (English)