Tomsk Nuclear Plant

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ADE-3 control room

The Tomsk Nuclear Plant (also Tomsk Chemical Combine ) in Siberia is a state chemical combine that was founded on March 26, 1949. The nuclear facility is also known as Tomsk-7 after the city of Seversk , which was founded specifically for the power plant .

history

The reason for the construction of the chemical combine was the arms race of nuclear weapons. It was hoped that the components for Soviet atomic bombs could be manufactured here quickly and effectively . On August 7, 1953, uranium-235 was produced for the first time . In the 1960s, production was converted to produce fuel for the Soviet nuclear power plants . Today seven plants are still in operation in the combine. Among other things, an isotope separation plant, a sublimate plant, a radiochemistry plant, a chemical-metallurgical plant, a reactor plant, a machine plant, a water plant, a thermal power plant and some other ancillary departments. The thermal power station supplies energy for the adjoining city of Seversk . The power plant components no longer needed from the AST reactor in the Gorki core heating plant , the construction of which was canceled, were used for Tomsk-7.

The EI-2, including the building, is to be completely dismantled by 2015, the fuel rods have already been removed from the reactor and the shaft filled with concrete.

Reactors

Reactor hall ADE-4
Some of the plant's cooling towers

The best known are the three ADE type reactors of the plant . All three reactors and two previous models have now been shut down. The equipment resources in other electrical centers and factories in Tomsk are gradually being exhausted. According to the experts' assessments, power generation capacity will drop to 750 megawatts or 67% over the next 8-10 years.

The shutdown of the ADE-4 in April 2008 took place on the basis of a Russian-American intergovernmental agreement on the cessation of the production of plutonium in the reactors ADE-4 and ADE-5, which was signed on March 12, 2003.

The last reactor of the type, ADE-5, an industrial reactor, was shut down on June 5, 2008.

Incidents and accidents

  • On January 30, 1963, a uranyl nitrate solution penetrated a collecting container, causing a chain reaction.
  • On April 6, 1993, in the reprocessing plant , which was primarily used for the production of weapons-grade plutonium, an explosion released large amounts of primarily short-lived radioactive substances (according to the IAEA, the relatively highly radiotoxic ruthenium , niobium and zirconium , but also in smaller quantities Quantities of other nuclide species such as plutonium ). The accident happened while a reaction vessel was being cleaned with nitric acid . As a result, 120 square kilometers in the Seversk region were contaminated. The accident was classified on the international rating scale for nuclear events with the level 2-4 and designated by TIME magazine as "one of the world's worst nuclear disasters".
  • On April 28, 2005, the ADE-4 reactor was automatically shut down by the emergency protection system.

Data of the reactors

Surname Net power Gross output Reactor type status commissioning
acceptance 		breastfeeding
interpretation
I-1 000000000000009.00000000009 MW 000000000000010.000000000010 MW Graphite reactor Shut down 1955 1990
EI-2 000000000000009.00000000009 MW 000000000000010.000000000010 MW Graphite reactor Shut down 1958 1990
ADE-3 000000000000009.00000000009 MW 000000000000010.000000000010 MW Graphite reactor Shut down 1962 1992
ADE-4 000000000000009.00000000009 MW 000000000000010.000000000010 MW Graphite reactor Shut down 1963 2008
ADE-5 000000000000009.00000000009 MW 000000000000010.000000000010 MW Graphite reactor Shut down 1967 06/05/2008

See also

Web links

Commons : Siberian Chemical Combine  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The world's first uranium-graphite reactor will be disposed of in Siberia in 2015 . Retrieved September 9, 2014
  2. ↑ a b ADE-5 reactor stopped ( Memento from August 1, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  3. ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: Governor thinks that the future of the Tomsk Oblast is linked to the development of atomic energy )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.tomsk.gov.ru
  4. ↑ The penultimate nuclear reactor of the Siberian Chemical Combine finally shut down
  5. ↑ Greenpeace: Information on the exhibition: Seversk / Tomsk-7 ( Memento from October 18, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ Erwin Yurtschitsch: The real catastrophe in Tomsk-7. In: Focus No. 16 (1993). April 19, 1993. Retrieved March 13, 2016 .
  7. ^ Ulrich Weissenburger: Nuclear environmental hazard in Russia. In: weekly report 21/96. DIW Berlin, February 26, 2007, archived from the original on August 8, 2007 ; accessed on March 13, 2016 .
  8. ^ The Worst Nuclear Disasters . TIME. Retrieved August 26, 2009.
  9. ↑ Greenpeace's annual calendar ( Memento of January 11, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  10. ↑ Cochran, Arkin, Norris, Sands: Soviet Nuclear Weapons , p. 81 (English)
  11. ↑ This reactor provided district heating for the city of Seversk.

Coordinates: 56 ° 37 ′ 35 ″  N , 84 ° 54 ′ 20 ″  E