List of nuclear facilities in Russia
The list of nuclear facilities in Russia includes all commercial power reactors , nuclear power plants , research reactors and other nuclear facilities and enrichment facilities that are currently in operation or under construction, that are currently shut down or have already been decommissioned, or whose planning / construction has finally been abandoned.
The Soviet Union was the first country in the world to put a commercial nuclear power plant into operation in 1954.
All Russian nuclear power plants are owned by the state-owned company Rosatom and operated by the state-owned company Rosenergoatom . The nuclear power plants cover about 18% of the country's electricity needs. In the Russian nuclear power plants, reactors of the type RBMK or VVER are mainly used.
The world's smallest reactors are currently in operation in the Bilibino nuclear power plant , and they also provide district heating . The largest Russian nuclear power plant is the Balakovo nuclear power plant .
In order to be able to quickly produce plutonium for nuclear weapons , four nuclear facilities with plutonium reactors were built during the Cold War . When electricity generation from nuclear energy became possible, a reactor that can both produce electricity and produce plutonium was developed. The result was the RBMK series, which still maintains a large part of the country's power supply today. Over time, the reactors were upgraded with MKER technology. The MKER is thus the successor to the RBMK.
Since April 2007 Russia has been using a new way of generating electricity from nuclear energy. The Akademik Lomonossow nuclear power plant will be the world's first floating nuclear power plant . Another is planned. The power plants are to be used in poorly accessible regions where there are problems with the power supply.
Russia has a very balanced fuel cycle . For some time, experiments have been carried out with new types of fuel assemblies for VVER. The plan is to reprocess the spent fuel elements from the RBMK and to use them as fuel elements for VVER. These are up to 2.5% more efficient than conventional VVER fuel elements. The fuel is currently in experimental use in the reactors of the Kalinin nuclear power plant. The spent fuel elements can in turn be processed into MOX fuel elements, which have been used in the Belojarsk nuclear power plant since the beginning of 2008.
Nuclear power plants
The nuclear power plant grouping includes all power reactors and prototype systems that are used for commercial power generation. A total of 34 nuclear reactors with a total gross capacity of 26,242 MW are in operation in Russia. Seven reactors with a gross output of 7,898 MW are currently being built. Twelve reactors with a gross capacity of 919 MW have already been shut down. Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant was the first nuclear power plant in the country and worldwide. The oldest one still in operation is the Novovoronesch nuclear power plant.
At least the Akademik Lomonossow nuclear power plant, floating in Pewek, is missing in the graphic as of December 19, 2019.
Performance data
This list is sorted in alphabetical order according to the name of the work.
Location / ship name | Federation subject | Net power | Gross output | Reactor type | status | commissioning acceptance |
switching off processing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Akademik Lomonossow 1 , swims in Pewek | AK of the Chukchi | 32 MW | 35 MW | KLT-40S | In operation (?) - At least 1 block | 2019 | - |
Akademik Lomonossow 2 , swims in Pewek | AK of the Chukchi | 32 MW | 35 MW | KLT-40S | In operation (?) | 2019 | - |
Balakovo 1 | Saratov | 950 MW | 1,000 MW | VVER-1000/320 | In operation | 1986 | (2045) |
Balakovo 2 | Saratov | 950 MW | 1,000 MW | VVER-1000/320 | In operation | 1988 | (2033) |
Balakovo 3 | Saratov | 950 MW | 1,000 MW | VVER-1000/320 | In operation | 1989 | (2034) |
Balakovo 4 | Saratov | 950 MW | 1,000 MW | VVER-1000/320 | In operation | 1993 | (2023) |
Baltic 1 | Kaliningrad | 1,109 MW | 1,194 MW | WWER-1200/491 | Construction stopped | (2016) | - |
Beloyarsk 1 | Sverdlovsk | 102 MW | 108 MW | AMB-100 | Shut down | 1964 | 1983 |
Beloyarsk 2 | Sverdlovsk | 146 MW | 160 MW | AMB-200 | Shut down | 1969 | 1990 |
Beloyarsk 3 | Sverdlovsk | 560 MW | 600 MW | BN-600 | In operation | 1981 | (2025) |
Beloyarsk 4 | Sverdlovsk | 789 MW | 864 MW | BN-800 | In operation | 2016 | (2046) |
Bilibino 1 | AK of the Chukchi | 11 MW | 12 MW | EGP-6 | Shut down | 1974 | 2019 |
Bilibino 2 | AK of the Chukchi | 11 MW | 12 MW | EGP-6 | In operation | 1975 | (2019) [obsolete] |
Bilibino 3 | AK of the Chukchi | 11 MW | 12 MW | EGP-6 | In operation | 1976 | (2020) |
Bilibino 4 | AK of the Chukchi | 11 MW | 12 MW | EGP-6 | In operation | 1977 | (2021) |
Kalinin 1 | Tver | 950 MW | 1,000 MW | WWER-1000/338 | In operation | 1985 | (2025) |
Kalinin 2 | Tver | 950 MW | 1,000 MW | WWER-1000/338 | In operation | 1987 | (2021) |
Kalinin 3 | Tver | 950 MW | 1,000 MW | VVER-1000/320 | In operation | 2005 | (2034) |
Kalinin 4 | Tver | 950 MW | 1,000 MW | VVER-1000/320 | In operation | 2012 | (2042) |
Kola 1 | Murmansk | 411 MW | 440 MW | WWER-440/230 | In operation | 1973 | (2033) |
Kola 2 | Murmansk | 411 MW | 440 MW | WWER-440/230 | In operation | 1975 | (2034) |
Kola 3 | Murmansk | 411 MW | 440 MW | WWER-440/213 | In operation | 1982 | (2026) |
Kola 4 | Murmansk | 411 MW | 440 MW | WWER-440/213 | In operation | 1984 | (2029) |
Kursk 1 | Kursk | 925 MW | 1,000 MW | RBMK-1000 | In operation | 1976 | (2021) |
Kursk 2 | Kursk | 925 MW | 1,000 MW | RBMK-1000 | In operation | 1979 | (2024) |
Kursk 3 | Kursk | 925 MW | 1,000 MW | RBMK-1000 | In operation | 1983 | (2029) |
Kursk 4 | Kursk | 925 MW | 1,000 MW | RBMK-1000 | In operation | 1985 | (2030) |
Kursk II 1 | Kursk | 1,175 MW | 1,255 MW | WWER-1200 / V-510K | Under construction | - | - |
Kursk II 2 | Kursk | 1,175 MW | 1,255 MW | WWER-1200 / V-510K | Under construction | - | - |
Leningrad 1 | Leningrad | 925 MW | 1,000 MW | RBMK-1000 | Shut down | 1973 | 2018 |
Leningrad 2 | Leningrad | 925 MW | 1,000 MW | RBMK-1000 | In operation | 1976 | (2020) |
Leningrad 3 | Leningrad | 925 MW | 1,000 MW | RBMK-1000 | In operation | 1980 | (2024) |
Leningrad 4 | Leningrad | 925 MW | 1,000 MW | RBMK-1000 | In operation | 1981 | (2025) |
Leningrad II 1 | Leningrad | 1,085 MW | 1,170 MW | VVER-1160 | In operation | 2018 | (2078) |
Leningrad II 2 | Leningrad | 1,085 MW | 1,170 MW | VVER-1160 | Under construction | (2019) [obsolete] | - |
Novovoronezh 1 | Voronezh | 197 MW | 210 MW | VVER-210 | Shut down | 1964 | 1988 |
Novovoronezh 2 | Voronezh | 336 MW | 365 MW | VVER-365 | Shut down | 1969 | 1990 |
Novovoronezh 3 | Voronezh | 385 MW | 417 MW | VVER-440/179 | Shut down | 1971 | 2016 |
Novovoronezh 4 | Voronezh | 385 MW | 417 MW | VVER-440/179 | In operation | 1972 | (2032) |
Novovoronezh 5 | Voronezh | 950 MW | 1,000 MW | VVER-1000/187 | In operation | 1980 | (2035) |
Novovoronezh II 1 | Voronezh | 1,100 MW | 1,180 MW | WWER-1200/491 (AES-2006) | In operation | 2017 | (2076) |
Novovoronezh II 2 | Voronezh | 1,114 MW | 1,195 MW | WWER-1200/491 (AES-2006) | In operation | 2019 | - |
Obninsk (APS-1) | Kaluga | 5 MW | 6 MW | AM-1 (predecessor of the RBMK) | Shut down | 1954 | 2002 |
Rostov 1 | Rostov | 950 MW | 1,000 MW | VVER-1000 / 320I | In operation | 2001 | (2031) |
Rostov 2 | Rostov | 950 MW | 1,000 MW | VVER-1000 / 320I | In operation | 2010 | (2040) |
Rostov 3 | Rostov | 1,011 MW | 1,100 MW | VVER-1000 | In operation | 2015 | (2045) |
Rostov 4 | Rostov | 1,011 MW | 1,100 MW | VVER-1000 | In operation | 2018 | 2048 |
Smolensk 1 | Smolensk | 925 MW | 1,000 MW | RBMK-1000 | In operation | 1982 | (2027) |
Smolensk 2 | Smolensk | 925 MW | 1,000 MW | RBMK-1000 | In operation | 1985 | (2030) |
Smolensk 3 | Smolensk | 925 MW | 1,000 MW | RBMK-1000 | In operation | 1990 | (2020) |
VK-50 Melekess | Ulyanovsk | 50 MW | 62 MW | VK-50 | Shut down | 1962 | 1989 |
photos
Kola 3 and 4 nuclear power plants
Repair in the Kola 1 nuclear power plant
Turbine hall 2 of Kola 3 and 4
Area of the Leningrad nuclear power plant from the air
Units 1 and 2 in the Novovoronezh nuclear power plant
Units 3 and 4 in the Novovoronezh nuclear power plant
Unit 5 in the Novovoronezh nuclear power plant
Unit 5 in the Novovoronezh nuclear power plant
Entrance of the Novovoronezh nuclear power plant
Plaque in front of the construction site of the Novovoronezh II nuclear power plant
Obninsk nuclear power plant from the south
Nuclear power plants and nuclear heating plants without starting operations
The grouping of nuclear power plants and nuclear heating plants without operational start-up includes all power reactors and prototype systems that were to be used for commercial electricity or heat generation but have not yet been completed or whose planning and construction have finally been discontinued, as well as all power reactors that are not yet under construction , but are firmly planned. Power plants marked in green are in the planning stage, construction has been stopped for power plants marked in yellow and construction and planning have finally been discontinued for power plants marked blue.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union , most of the projects were canceled or construction was suspended. Many plants are being discussed again today in the course of the Russian nuclear program project 2007-2015 .
Performance data
Nuclear power plants
This list is sorted in alphabetical order.
Location | Federation subject | Net power | Gross output | Reactor type | planning beginning |
construction commencing |
Planning / construction discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Balakovo 5 | Saratov | 950 MW | 1,000 MW | VVER-1000/320 | 1975 | 04/01/1987 | 12/28/1992 |
Balakovo 6 | Saratov | 950 MW | 1,000 MW | VVER-1000/320 | 1975 | 05/01/1988 | 12/28/1992 |
Bashkiria 1 | Bashkortostan | 950 MW | 1,000 MW | VVER-1000/320 | 1975 | 01/01/1983 | December 01, 1993 |
Bashkiria 2 | Bashkortostan | 950 MW | 1,000 MW | VVER-1000/320 | 1975 | December 01, 1983 | December 01, 1993 |
Bashkiria 3 | Bashkortostan | 950 MW | 1,000 MW | VVER-1000/320 | 1975 | ||
Bashkiria 4 | Bashkortostan | 950 MW | 1,000 MW | VVER-1000/320 | 1975 | ||
Bashkiria-1 | Bashkortostan | 1,115 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Bashkiria-2 | Bashkortostan | 1,115 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Kaliningrad-2 | Kaliningrad | 1,082 MW | 1,150 MW | WWER-1200 (AES-2006) | 2007 | - | - |
Kola II-1 | Murmansk | 1,094 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Kola II-2 | Murmansk | 1,094 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Kola II-3 | Murmansk | 275 MW | 300 MW | VK-300 | 2007 | - | - |
Kola II-4 | Murmansk | 275 MW | 300 MW | VK-300 | 2007 | - | - |
Kostroma 1 | Kostroma | 1,385 MW | 1,500 MW | RBMK-1500 | 1980 | 1980 | 1986 |
Kostroma 2 | Kostroma | 1,385 MW | 1,500 MW | RBMK-1500 | 1980 | 1980 | 1986 |
Kostroma 1 | Kostroma | 600 MW | 630 MW | WPBER-600 | 1994 | - | 2000 |
Kostroma 2 | Kostroma | 600 MW | 630 MW | WPBER-600 | 1994 | - | 2000 |
Kostroma 3 | Kostroma | 600 MW | 630 MW | WPBER-600 | 1994 | - | 2000 |
Kostroma 4 | Kostroma | 600 MW | 630 MW | WPBER-600 | 1994 | - | 2000 |
Kursk-5 | Kursk | 925 MW | 1,000 MW | RBMK-1000 | 1975 | December 01, 1985 | 03/06/2012 |
Kursk-6 | Kursk | 925 MW | 1,000 MW | RBMK-1000 | 1975 | 08/01/1986 | December 01, 1993 |
Kursk II-1 | Kursk | 1,085 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Kursk II-2 | Kursk | 1,082 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Kursk II-3 | Kursk | 1,082 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Kursk II-4 | Kursk | 1,082 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Nizhny Novgorod-1 | Nizhny Novgorod | 1,082 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Nizhny Novgorod-2 | Nizhny Novgorod | 1,082 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Nizhny Novgorod-3 | Nizhny Novgorod | 1,082 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Nizhny Novgorod-4 | Nizhny Novgorod | 1,082 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Novovoronezh II-3 | Voronezh | 1,070 MW | 1,200 MW | WWER-1200 (AES-2006) | 2007 | - | - |
Novovoronezh II-4 | Voronezh | 1,070 MW | 1,200 MW | WWER-1200 (AES-2006) | 2007 | - | - |
Pewek-1 | AK of the Chukchi | 32 MW | 35 MW | KLT-40S | 2007 | - | - |
Pewek-2 | AK of the Chukchi | 32 MW | 35 MW | KLT-40S | 2007 | - | - |
Primorye-1 (Far East-1) | Primorye | 1,082 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Primorye-2 (Far East-2) | Primorye | 1,082 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Seversk-1 | Tomsk | 1,115 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Seversk-2 | Tomsk | 1,115 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Smolensk-4 | Smolensk | 925 MW | 1,000 MW | RBMK-1000 | 1975 | 01/01/1984 | December 01, 1993 |
Smolensk-5 | Smolensk | 1,450 MW | 1,500 MW | Pressurized water reactor ( EPR ) | - | - | - |
Smolensk-6 | Smolensk | 1,450 MW | 1,500 MW | Pressurized water reactor ( EPR ) | - | - | - |
Smolensk II-1 | Smolensk | 1,115 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Smolensk II-2 | Smolensk | 1,115 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
South Urals-1 | Chelyabinsk | 750 MW | 800 MW | BN-800 | 1984 | 01/01/1986 | 01/01/1993 |
South Urals-2 | Chelyabinsk | 750 MW | 800 MW | BN-800 | 1984 | 01/01/1986 | 01/01/1993 |
South Urals 3 | Chelyabinsk | 750 MW | 800 MW | BN-800 | 1984 | - | 01/01/1993 |
South Urals-1 | Chelyabinsk | 1,115 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
South Urals-2 | Chelyabinsk | 1,115 MW | 1,200 MW | WWER-1200 (AES-2006) | 2007 | - | - |
South Urals 3 | Chelyabinsk | 1,115 MW | 1,200 MW | WWER-1200 (AES-2006) | 2007 | - | - |
South Urals 4 | Chelyabinsk | 1,070 MW | 1,200 MW | WWER-1200 (AES-2006) | 2007 | - | - |
Tatarstan-1 | Tatarstan | 950 MW | 1,000 MW | VVER-1000/320 | 1985 | 04/01/1987 | December 01, 1993 |
Tatarstan-2 | Tatarstan | 950 MW | 1,000 MW | VVER-1000/320 | 1985 | 05/01/1988 | December 01, 1993 |
Tatarians-3 | Tatarstan | 950 MW | 1,000 MW | VVER-1000/320 | 1985 | - | December 01, 1993 |
Tatarians-4 | Tatarstan | 950 MW | 1,000 MW | VVER-1000/320 | 1985 | - | December 01, 1993 |
Tatarstan-1 | Tatarstan | 1,115 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Tatarstan-2 | Tatarstan | 1,115 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Central-1 | Kostroma | 1,115 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Central-2 | Kostroma | 1,115 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Central 3rd | Kostroma | 1,082 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Central 4th | Kostroma | 1,082 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Tver-1 | Tver | 1,115 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Tver-2 | Tver | 1,115 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Tver-3 | Tver | 1,115 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Tver-4 | Tver | 1,115 MW | 1,200 MW | VVER-1200 | 2007 | - | - |
Nuclear heating plants
This list is sorted in alphabetical order.
Location | Federation subject | Net power | Gross output | Reactor type | planning beginning |
construction commencing |
Planning / construction discontinued |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gorky-1 | Nizhny Novgorod | 450 MW | 500 MW | AST-500 | 1980 | 01/01/1982 | December 01, 1993 |
Gorky-2 | Nizhny Novgorod | 450 MW | 500 MW | AST-500 | 1980 | 01/01/1983 | December 01, 1993 |
Voronezh-1 | Voronezh | 450 MW | 500 MW | AST-500 | 1980 | 09/01/1983 | (2000) |
Voronezh-2 | Voronezh | 450 MW | 500 MW | AST-500 | 1980 | 05/01/1985 | (2000) |
photos
Research reactors
The research reactor grouping includes nuclear reactors that are not used to generate electricity, but are primarily used for research purposes (nuclear and material research, isotope production for medicine and technology ). Russia has the largest number of operating research reactors in the world.
Performance data
This list is sorted in alphabetical order.
Name of the reactor | Location / operator | Thermal performance | Reactor type | status | commissioning acceptance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1120 | OKBM | 0 kW | critical arrangement | Shut down | 1975 |
1125 | OKBM | 0.6 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1975 |
27 / BM | IPPE | 70,000 kW | tank | Shut down | 1956 |
27 / BT | IPPE | 70,000 kW | tank | Shut down | 1961 |
659 | OKBM | 0.1 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1963 |
659-L | OKBM | 0 kW | critical arrangement | Shut down | ? |
AM-1 | IPPE | 10,000 kW | graphite | Shut down | 1954 |
AMBF-2 | IPPE | 0.1 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1984 |
ARBUS (ACT-1) | RIAR | 12,000 kW | tank | Shut down | 1963 |
ARGUS | Kurchatov Institute | 20 kW | Homogeneous (L) | In operation | 1981 |
ARGUS-2 | - | 50 kW | Homogeneous (L) | Switched off | ? |
ASTRA | Kurchatov Institute | 0.1 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1981 |
B-1000 | Kurchatov Institute | 0.2 kW | critical arrangement | Shut down | 1986 |
B-6 | IPPE | 0.1 kW | PROMPT BURST | In operation | 1996 |
BARS-2 | Tikhomirov Science and Research Institute for Device Design (NIIP) (Schukowski) | 0 kW | critical arrangement | Shut down | 1971 |
BARS-3M | Tikhomirov Science and Research Institute for Device Design (NIIP) (Schukowski) | 0 kW | PROMPT BURST | Switched off | 1988 |
BARS-4 | Tikhomirov Science and Research Institute for Device Design (NIIP) (Schukowski) | 0 kW | PROMPT BURST | Shut down | 1979 |
BARS-5 (FNRS) | Russian Federal Nuclear Center - Sababachin Institute of Technical Physics (WNIITF) (Sneschinsk) | 10 kW | ALMOST BURST | Switched off | 1986 |
BIGR | Russian Federal Nuclear Center - All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics (VNIIEF) ( Sarov ) | - | - | In operation | - |
BIR-2M | Russian Federal Nuclear Center - All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics (VNIIEF) | - | - | In operation | - |
BFS-1 | IPPE | 0.2 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1961 |
BFS-2 | IPPE | 1 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1969 |
BOR-60 | RIAR | 60,000 kW | Breeder | In operation | 1969 |
BR-1 | IPPE | 0.05 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1965 |
BR-1 | Russian Federal Nuclear Center - All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics (VNIIEF) | - | - | In operation | - |
BR-10 | IPPE | 8000 kW | Circulatory type | Shut down | 1958 |
CA MIR.M1 | RIAR | 0.01 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1966 |
CA SM | RIAR | 0.02 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1970 |
COBR | IPPE | 0.3 kW | critical arrangement | Shut down | 1970 |
DELTA | Kurchatov Institute | 0.1 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1985 |
EMPHIR-2M | Kurchatov Institute | 0.1 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1973 |
F-1 | Kurchatov Institute | 24 kW | Graphite enrichment reactor | In operation | 1946 |
FBR-L, Fast Burst Laser | Russian Federal Nuclear Center - Sababachin Institute of Technical Physics (WNIITF) (Sneschinsk) | 5 kW | ALMOST BURST | In operation | 1981 |
FG-6 | IPPE | 0.1 kW | critical arrangement | Shut down | 1967 |
FM MR | Kurchatov Institute | 0.1 kW | critical arrangement | Shut down | 1971 |
FS-1M | IPPE | 0 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1970 |
G-1 | Krylov Research Institute for Shipbuilding (St. Petersburg) | 0.2 kW | critical arrangement | Shut down | 1964 |
GAMMA | Kurchatov Institute | 125 kW | tank | Shut down | 1982 |
GIDRA (HYDRA) | Kurchatov Institute | 10 kW | Homogeneous (L) | In operation | 1972 |
GIR | Russian Federal Nuclear Center - All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics (VNIIEF) | - | - | In operation | - |
GROG | Kurchatov Institute | 0.1 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1980 |
IBR-2 | United Institute for Nuclear Research | 1500 kW | ALMOST BURST | In operation | 1977 |
IBR-30 | United Institute for Nuclear Research | 1500 kW | ALMOST BURST | Shut down | 1969 |
IBR-1 (IFR) | United Institute for Nuclear Research | 6 kW | NEARLY | Switched off | 1960 |
IGRIK, PULSED HOMOG | Russian Federal Nuclear Center - Sababachin Institute of Technical Physics (WNIITF) (Sneschinsk) | 30 kW | Homogeneous | In operation | 1975 |
IIN-3M | Tikhomirov Science and Research Institute for Device Design (NIIP) (Schukowski) | 0 kW | PROMPT BURST | Switched off | 1972 |
IR-50 | NIKIET | 50 kW | swimming pool | Shut down | 1961 |
IR-8 | Kurchatov Institute | 8000 kW | Swimming pool, IRT | In operation | 1981 |
IRT | Moscow Institute of Physics and Engineering | 2500 kW | Swimming pool, IRT | In operation | 1967 |
IRT-T | Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tomsk Polytechnic University | 6000 kW | Swimming pool, IRT | In operation | 1967 |
IRV-1M | Tikhomirov Science and Research Institute for Device Design (NIIP) (Schukowski) | 2000 kW | swimming pool | In operation | 1974 |
IWW-2M | NIKIET-Sverdlovsk | 15,000 kW | swimming pool | In operation | 1966 |
KVANT | Kurchatov Institute | 1 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1990 |
MAKET | Alichanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (Moscow) | 0.10 kW | critical arrangement | Shut down | 1976 |
MATR-2 | IPPE | 0.40 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1963 |
MAYAK | Kurchatov Institute | 0.01 kW | critical arrangement | Shut down | 1967 |
MER | Krylov Research Institute for Shipbuilding (St. Petersburg) | 0.20 kW | critical arrangement | Shut down | 1970 |
MIR.M1 | RIAR | 100,000 kW | Swimming pool / canals | In operation | 1966 |
MR | Kurchatov Institute | 50,000 kW | tank | Shut down | 1963 |
NARTSISS-M | Kurchatov Institute | 0.01 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1983 |
OP | Kurchatov Institute | 300 kW | Tank WWR | In operation | 1989 |
P | Kurchatov Institute | 0.20 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1987 |
PIK | Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences | 100,000 kW | tank | Under construction | - |
PIK PHYSICAL MODEL | Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences | 0.10 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1983 |
RBMK | Kurchatov Institute | 0.03 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1981 |
RBT-6 | RIAR | 6000 kW | swimming pool | In operation | 1975 |
RBT-10/1 | RIAR | 10,000 kW | swimming pool | Shut down | 1983 |
RBT-10/2 | RIAR | 7000 kW | swimming pool | In operation | 1984 |
RF-GS | IPPE | 0.01 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1962 |
RG-1M | Norilsk Nickel | 100 kW | swimming pool | Shut down | 1970 |
ROMASHKA | Kurchatov Institute | 40 kW | Homogeneous (S) | Switched off | 1964 |
RPT | Kurchatov Institute | 10,000 kW | graphite | Switched off | 1952 |
S111 | Red Star | 0 kW | - | Switched off | - |
SBR-2 | IPPE | 150 kW | FAST, HG COOLED | Switched off | 1957 |
SF-1 | Kurchatov Institute | 0.10 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1972 |
SF-3 | Kurchatov Institute | 0.10 kW | critical arrangement | Shut down | 1979 |
SF-5 | Kurchatov Institute | 0.10 kW | critical arrangement | Shut down | 1972 |
SF-7 | Kurchatov Institute | 0.10 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1975 |
SGO | IPPE | 0.10 kW | critical arrangement | Shut down | 1969 |
SK PHYSICAL | Kurchatov Institute | 0.60 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1997 |
SM | RIAR | 100,000 kW | pressure vessel | In operation | 1961 |
STEND-1 | PJSC machine works | 2 kW | critical arrangement | Shut down | 1966 |
STEND-2 | PJSC machine works | 2 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1969 |
STEND-3 | PJSC machine works | 2 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1967 |
STEND-4 | PJSC machine works | 0.50 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1967 |
STEND-5 | PJSC machine works | 0.50 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1967 |
STEND-6 | PJSC machine works | 0.05 kW | critical arrangement | Shut down | 1968 |
STEND-7 | PJSC machine works | 0.05 kW | critical arrangement | Shut down | 1979 |
STRELA | IPPE | 0.02 kW | critical arrangement | In operation | 1968 |
T-2 | IPPE | 0 kW | critical arrangement | Shut down | 1965 |
TIBR-1M | Tikhomirov Science and Research Institute for Device Design (NIIP) (Schukowski) | 0 kW | PROMPT BURST | Shut down | 1976 |
TOPAZ | IPPE | 150 kW | tank | Switched off | 1966 |
TVR | Alichanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (Moscow) | 2500 kW | Channel type | Shut down | 1949 |
U-3 | Krylov Research Institute for Shipbuilding (St. Petersburg) | 50 kW | swimming pool | Shut down | 1964 |
Basement | Kurchatov Institute | 0.10 kW | critical arrangement | Shut down | 1965 |
VIR-1 | Russian Federal Nuclear Center - All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics (VNIIEF) | - | - | Shut down | - |
VIR-2 | Russian Federal Nuclear Center - All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics (VNIIEF) | - | - | Shut down | - |
VIR-2M | Russian Federal Nuclear Center - All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics (VNIIEF) | - | - | In operation | - |
VK-50 | RIAR | 200,000 kW | BWR prototype ( VK reactor ) | In operation | 1965 |
VRL-02 | Tikhomirov Science and Research Institute for Device Design (NIIP) (Schukowski) | 100 kW | swimming pool | Shut down | 1959 |
VRL-03 | Tikhomirov Science and Research Institute for Device Design (NIIP) (Schukowski) | 100 kW | swimming pool | Shut down | 1961 |
WWR-M | Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences | 18,000 kW | Tank WWR | In operation | 1959 |
WWR-TS | Karpov Institute for Physical Chemistry (Moscow) | 15,000 kW | Tank WWR | In operation | 1964 |
YAGUAR (NHUAR) | Russian Federal Nuclear Center - Sababachin Institute of Technical Physics (WNIITF) (Sneschinsk) | 10 kW | Homogeneous PUL | In operation | 1990 |
photos
Institute building of the Kurchatov Institute
Nuclear reactors in other nuclear facilities
The grouping of other nuclear facilities includes all chemical combines and production facilities in which nuclear reactors are and were. The decommissioned Mayak reactors were all used to produce plutonium for the nuclear weapons program.
Location | Federation subject | Thermal performance | Reactor type | status | commissioning acceptance |
switching off processing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mayak | Chelyabinsk | 500 MW | A ( graphite reactor ) | Shut down | 1948 | 1987 |
Mayak | Chelyabinsk | IR-AI (graphite reactor) | Shut down | 1951 | 1987 | |
Mayak | Chelyabinsk | 300 MW | AW-1 (graphite reactor) | Shut down | 1950 | 1989 |
Mayak | Chelyabinsk | AW-2 (graphite reactor) | Shut down | 1951 | 1990 | |
Mayak | Chelyabinsk | AW-3 (graphite reactor) | Shut down | 1951 | 1991 | |
Mayak | Chelyabinsk | OK-180 ( heavy water reactor ) | Shut down | 1951 | 1966 | |
Mayak | Chelyabinsk | OK-190 (heavy water reactor) | Shut down | 1955 | 1965 | |
Mayak | Chelyabinsk | OK-190M (heavy water reactor) | Shut down | 1966 | 1986 | |
Mayak | Chelyabinsk | 1,000 MW | Ruslan ( light water reactor ) | In operation | 1979 | |
Mayak | Chelyabinsk | 1,000 MW | LF-2 Lyudmila (heavy water reactor) | In operation | 1987 | |
Zheleznogorsk | Krasnoyarsk | AD | Shut down | 1958 | 1992 | |
Zheleznogorsk | Krasnoyarsk | Graphite reactor (ADE-1) | Shut down | 1961 | 1992 | |
Zheleznogorsk | Krasnoyarsk | Graphite reactor (ADE-2) | Shut down | 1964 | 2010 | |
Tomsk-1 | Tomsk | 10 MW | Graphite reactor (I-1) | Shut down | 1955 | 1990 |
Tomsk-2 | Tomsk | 10 MW | Graphite reactor (EI-2) | Shut down | 1960 | 1990 |
Tomsk-3 | Tomsk | 10 MW | Graphite reactor (ADE-3) | Shut down | 1962 | 1992 |
Tomsk-4 | Tomsk | 10 MW | Graphite reactor (ADE-4) | Shut down | 1963 | 2008 |
Tomsk-5 | Tomsk | 10 MW | Graphite reactor (ADE-5) | Shut down | 1967 | 2008 |
Processing plants
Russian reprocessing plants are listed here, some of which are no longer in operation and have different functions.
Location | Federation subject | Preparation for reactor type |
Production output | status |
---|---|---|---|---|
Angarsk | Irkutsk | VVER | 18,700 tons of uranium per year | In operation |
Elektrostal | Moscow | VVER | 700 tons of uranium per year | In operation |
Seversk | Tomsk | VVER | ? | In operation |
Mayak | Chelyabinsk | BN , RBMK | 400 tons of uranium per year | In operation |
Enrichment plants
Russian uranium enrichment plants are listed here.
Location | Federation subject | Enrichment for reactor type |
Production output | enrichment | status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angarsk | Irkutsk | VVER | 2.6 M SWU / year | 5% uranium 235 | In operation |
Novouralsk | Sverdlovsk | BN | 10 M SWU / year | 30% uranium 235 | In operation |
Zelenogorsk | Krasnoyarsk | RBMK | 5.8 M SWU / year | 5% uranium 235 | In operation |
Seversk | Tomsk | VVER | 3 M SWU / year | 5% uranium 235 | In operation |
Repository
The repository for radioactive waste, which is operated in the area of the Schelesnogorsk nuclear facility , should also be mentioned.
Explanations
- An RBMK-1000 or RBMK-1500 is a version of a water-cooled graphite-moderated pressure tube reactor type, see RBMK .
- A WWER-210 , WWER-365 , WWER-440 / x , WWER-1000 / x , WWER-1160 / x or WWER-1200 / x is a version of a water-cooled water-moderated light water reactor type, see WWER .
history
Above all, a series of espionage cases at the beginning of the reactor program of the former Soviet Union indicate that the Soviet Union was orienting itself towards the US development. The first rudimentary nuclear reactor by Enrico Fermi used graphite as a moderator for nuclear fission. While this principle had no long history in the USA with the exception of the small reactors for the production of weapons plutonium, it was systematically developed further by the Soviets; Obninsk became the world's first actual nuclear power plant in 1954, Belojarsk 1 became the first related power reactor in 1964, and the history of this RBMK reactor line came to an abrupt end with the Chernobyl disaster . With the VK-50 in Melekess, the boiling water reactor concept of the USA was adopted for a short time in the 1960s , but this came to an abrupt end with a serious accident after two years. Finally, the pressurized water reactor concept was also copied with the VVER . The Americans designed it in the 1950s, it was first used by the Soviets from 1959 in the nuclear icebreaker "Lenin", for more extensive electricity production from 1964 in the Novovoronesch 1 nuclear power plant. The breeder technology was also invented by the USA in the 1950s, First introduced by the Soviets with the research reactor BOR-60, significantly enlarged with the BN-350 Aktau in Kazakhstan and with the BN-600 Belojarsk 3 it is still operated there by the Russians today.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f WNA Nuclear Power in Russia (English)
- ↑ Russia: First floating nuclear power plant generates electricity . In: ORF.at , December 19, 2019, accessed on December 19, 2019.
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : "Russian Federation: Nuclear Power Reactors" (English)
- ↑ IAEA PRIS - Nuclear Power Reactors in the World, Reference Data Series No.2 (English; PDF; 1.7 MB)
- ↑ a b c d This reactor is listed by the IAEA as both a commercial reactor and a research reactor.
- ↑ WNA - Nuclear Power in Russia (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - BALAKOVO-5" ( Memento from June 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
- ↑ a b Archived copy ( memento of the original from August 18, 2011 on WebCite ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - BALAKOVO-6" ( Memento from June 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - BASHKIRSK-1" ( Memento from June 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - BASHKIRSK-2" ( Memento from June 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - BASHKIRSK-3" ( Memento from June 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - BASHKIRSK-4" ( Memento from June 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - BASHKIR-1" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - BASHKIR-2" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - BALTIISK-2" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - KOLA 2-1" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - KOLA 2-2" (English)
- ↑ Решение не строить пятый энергоблок Курской АЭС - логичное - 06.03.2012
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - KURSK 2-1" ( Memento from April 4, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - KURSK 2-2" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - KURSK 2-3" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - KURSK 2-4" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - NIZHEGORODSK-1" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - NIZHEGORODSK-2" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - NIZHEGORODSK-3" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - NIZHEGORODSK-4" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - PRIMORSK-1" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - PRIMORSK-2" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - SEVERSK-1" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - SEVERSK-2" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - SMOLENSK 2-1" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - SMOLENSK 2-2" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - SOUTH URALS-1" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - SOUTH URALS-2" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - SOUTH URALS-3" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - TATAR-1" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - TATAR-2" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - CENTRAL-1" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - CENTRAL-2" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - CENTRAL-3" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - CENTRAL-4" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - TVERSK-1" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - TVERSK-2" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - TVERSK-3" (English)
- ↑ Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : Page no longer available , search in web archives: "Nuclear Power Reactor Details - TVERSK-4" (English)
- ^ Research Reactor Database of the IAEA
- ↑ This reactor was the prototype for the first reactor in Mayak , but was in the Kurchatov Institute in Moscow.
- ↑ K. Traube et al .: After the worst-case scenario , chapter The USSR's nuclear program , 1986
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Homepage of the operator with some information (Russian)
- ↑ a b c d e f g NTI - Russia - AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION CONCERNING THE SHUTDOWN OF PLUTONIUM PRODUCTION REACTORS AND THE CESSATION OF USE OF NEWLY PRODUCED PLUTONIUM FOR NUCLEAR WEAPONS ( Memento from July 4, 2002 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b One plutonium production reactor in Seversk to be shut down (English)
- ↑ a b c This reactor provides heat for the city of Zheleznogorsk.
- ↑ a b Friday 42 - The river flows and shines
- ↑ One plutonium production reactor in Seversk to be shut down (English)
- ↑ This facility is also known as Tomsk-7 after the city founded specifically for the power plant .
- ↑ a b c d e Information about the Tomsk plant
- ↑ This reactor provided electricity for the city of Seversk.
- ^ Klaus Traube et al .: After the worst-case scenario , 1986