AMB reactor

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Beloyarsk nuclear power plant . In the foreground the reactor building of the AMB reactors, in the background that of the BN-600

The AMB ( Russian АМБ ( А том М ирный Б ольшой, about " peaceful atom - large")) was a nuclear reactor type, which in the Soviet Union was developed as a prototype. The experience gained with the AMB reactor should serve to develop a series of reactors in the Soviet Union. He is considered the predecessor of the RBMK .

The only reactors of this type, an AMB-100 and an AMB-200, were installed at the Beloyarsk nuclear power plant . Commissioned in 1954, the first of them was put into operation in 1964, the second in 1967. In 1977 there was a partial meltdown in AMB-200 with INES level 5 and in 1978 when the roof of the turbine hall collapsed, which was sheltered in cold weather heavy use, a fire that forced the shutdown of both reactors. AMB-100 was finally shut down in 1983, AMB-200 in 1989. The reactors are being prepared for the dismantling and reprocessing of the fuel.

functionality

When AMB is a graphite-moderated boiling water - pressure tubular reactor , at a pressure of 8.8 MPa and hot steam temperatures of up to 510 ... 550 ° C (normal operating temperature: 500 ° C) worked. To avoid damage to the fuel assemblies from overheating, the operating temperature was reduced to 400… 450 ° C. The radiolysis of the water was counteracted by adding ammonia in AMB-100 and hydrazine in AMB-200. AMB-100 had an indirect steam cycle while AMB-200 had a direct one. The steam drove one (AMB-100) or two (AMB-200) turbines. The degree of enrichment of the fuel was 1.5% to 21% with an average value of 3%. Both fuel assemblies and cooling tubes were - only implemented in the AM and ABM reactors and in the reactors of the Bilibino power plant - in graphite jackets, which were part of the fuel assembly and were replaced with the fuel assemblies. AMB-100 had a thermal output of around 285 MW, of which around 100 MW were converted into electrical energy. AMB-200 had a thermal output of 530 MW and an efficiency of 36%.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Атом Мирный Большой: последний путь. Retrieved December 25, 2013 (Russian).
  2. ^ A b Paul R. Josephson: Red Atom: Russia's Nuclear Power Program from Stalin to Today . University of Pittsburgh Press, 2005, ISBN 978-0-8229-7847-3 , p. 28.
  3. ^ A b c Fifth National Report of the Russian Federation on the Fulfillment of Commitments Resulting from the Convention of Nuclear Safety . Moscow, 2010, p. 123.
  4. ↑ Minh Ha-Duong, V. Journe: Calculating nuclear accident probabilities from empirical frequencies . In: Environment Systems and Decisions . 32, No. 2, 2014, pp. 249-258. doi : 10.1007 / s10669-014-9499-0 .
  5. ↑ Юрий Яворовский: Страшная новогодняя история со счастливым концом . In: Нижегородская правда , January 4, 2011. Archived from the original on July 14, 2016. 
  6. ↑ Beloyarsk NPP . Rose energoatom. Retrieved July 14, 2016.
  7. ^ Preparation of the AMB-100 and AMB-200 reactor SNF for transportation and reprocessing at Mayak PA . SONSY Research & Development Company. Archived from the original on July 14, 2016. Retrieved July 14, 2016.
  8. ↑ Österreichische Ingenieur-Zeitschrift 18 (1975) p. 73
  9. ↑ a b Steven B Krivit; Jay H Lehr; Thomas B Kingery (Ed.): Nuclear Energy Encyclopedia: Science, Technology, and Applications . Wiley, 2011, ISBN 978-1-118-04347-9 , pp. 318-319.
  10. ↑ Pavel Podvig: History of Highly Enriched Uranium Production in Russia . In: Science & Global Security . 19, 2011, pp. 46-67. doi : 10.1080 / 08929882.2011.566467 .
  11. ^ A b Characterization, Treatment and Conditioning of Radioactive Graphite from Decommissioning of Nuclear Reactors. IAEA-TECDOC-1521 . IAEA, 2006, ISBN 92-0-112006-0 , p. 9.