Obninsk nuclear power plant

Obninsk nuclear power plant
Entrance to Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, now a museum
location
Coordinates	55 ° 5 '7 "  N , 36 ° 34' 27"  E Coordinates: 55 ° 5 '7 "  N , 36 ° 34' 27"  E
Country:	Russia
Data
Commercial operation:	June 26, 1954
Shutdown:	April 29, 2002
Decommissioned reactors (gross):	1 (6 MW)
Was standing:	May 1, 2007
The data source of the respective entries can be found in the documentation .

The Obninsk nuclear power plant ( Russian Обнинская АЭС / Obninskaja AES [ listen ^{? / I} ], also АЭС-1) is located near the science city Obninsk , about 100 kilometers southwest of Moscow in the Kaluga Oblast . It was the world's first commercially used nuclear power plant .

reactor

The АМ-1 reactor (Russian атом мирный - " peaceful atom ") had a gross output of 6  MW . The net output was 5 MW, the thermal output 30 MW. It was a prototype that used graphite and water as a moderator and was water-cooled.

history

Entrance to the former power plant (today: Physikalisch-Energetisches Institut )

In 1951, what was then Laboratory “V” was commissioned to build the first Soviet nuclear power plant. The physicists Dmitri Iwanowitsch Blochinzew , Nikolai Antonowitsch Dolleschal , AK Krasin and WA Malych played a leading role in the development . The reactor block was commissioned for the first time on June 1, 1954. On June 26, 1954, it was first synchronized with the power grid. June 27, 1954 is given as the start of commercial electricity production. Obninsk remained the only Soviet nuclear reactor for commercial power generation for almost ten years. The reactor was finally shut down on April 29, 2002.

It was planned to build a sodium-cooled fast breeder of the type BN-1600 in Obninsk . It is not known whether there are any further plans for the BN-1600. However, there are plans for a prototype of the 100 MW “rapid lead-bismuth reactor” of the SVBR -100 type .

Data of the reactor blocks

The Obninsk nuclear power plant had a total of one block :

Reactor block	Reactor type	net power	gross power	start of building	Network synchronization	Commercialization of essential operation	switching off processing
APS-1 Obninsk	AM-1 (prototype of the RBMK )	5 MW	6 MW	01/01/1951	06/26/1954	December 01, 1954	04/29/2002

See also

• List of nuclear power plants
• List of nuclear facilities in Russia
• List of the most powerful nuclear reactors

literature

• В.С. Емельянов (Red.): Атомная энергия , Государственное научное издательство "Большая Совергия , 1958 .иклопская Эн8 "

Web links

Commons : Obninsk nuclear power plant  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Pictures of the control room and the reactor hall
• The red atom - Stalin's forgotten city a film by Michael Rutz and Christian Heynen
• Melanie Arndt: Sixty years have passed since the first industrial nuclear power plant in Obninsk went into operation

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Емельянов: Атомная Энергия , Lemma Атомная Энергия, p. 41
2. ↑ RRDB - AM-1 (English)
3. ↑ IPPE - История научного центра
4. ↑ ^{a b c} Power Reactor Information System of the IAEA : "Russian Federation: Nuclear Power Reactors" (English)
5. ↑ INSC: Database - Overview of Fast Reactors in Russia and the Former Soviet Union ( Memento of the original from July 3, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English) 
6. ↑ WNA - Nuclear Power in Russia (English)