ADE reactor

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ADE reactor
Developing country: RussiaRussia Russia
Reactor data
Design type: Pressure tube reactor
Moderator: graphite
Cooling: light water
Fuel: Natural uranium
Vapor bubble coefficient: positive
Copies built: 5

The ADE reactor is a Soviet type of nuclear reactor used to produce weapons plutonium that functioned similarly to the early US plutonium production reactors at the Hanford site . The design principle of the reactors is similar to that of the RBMK . They are slightly water-cooled , graphite-moderated , pressure tube reactors operated with natural uranium .

use

The three ADE reactors together could produce 1.2 to 1.5 tons of weapons-grade plutonium per year, enough for 120 to 350 atomic bombs . The ADE-2, ADE-3 and ADE-4 reactors have invested US $ 20 million in safety enhancements.

Locations

There are two reactors of this type (ADE-1 and ADE-2) in the Zheleznogorsk nuclear facility .

There are three reactors of this type (ADE-3, ADE-4 and ADE-5) from the 1960s in the Tomsk nuclear facility near the closed city of Seversk . The reactors in Tomsk had a thermal output of 2500 MW.

Shutdown

Due to the Chernobyl disaster (1986), the ADE-1 reactor was shut down in 1992. Cooling water was pumped out of the Yenisei for operation and fed back into the river at another point. In March 2003, the USA and Russia signed an agreement to prevent plutonium production, which provides for the shutdown of all ADE reactors. The penultimate reactor in Tomsk (ADE-4) was shut down on April 20, 2008 at 11:00 a.m., the fuel elements are currently being removed. On June 5, 2008, the last reactor in Tomsk (ADE-5) was shut down. The ADE-2 reactor continued to operate, was shut down in April 2010 and is to be replaced by a fossil-fired thermal power plant. Russia promised not to use the material produced for weapons.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Enhancing Russian ADE Reactor Safety ( Memento from April 28, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Russia: reactor shut down - World - Austria - News - Salzburg  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.salzburg24.at  
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Russia: reactor shut down - Chronicle - News - vienna.at
  4. ↑ a b Russia: Seversk (Tomsk-7) ( Memento from May 2, 2002 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
  5. ↑ a b c One plutonium production reactor in Seversk to be shut down (English)
  6. ↑ NTI - Russia - AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION CONCERNING THE SHUTDOWN OF PLUTONIUM PRODUCTION REACTORS AND THE CESSATION OF USE OF NEWLY PRODUCED PLUTONIUM FOR NUCLEAR WEAPONS ( Memento from July 4, 2002 on the Internet Archive ) (English)
  7. ↑ a b c d e ADE-5 reactor stopped | Center "Atom innovation" ( Memento of the original dated August 1, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.eng.runtech.ru
  8. ↑ Friday 42 - The river flows and shines
  9. ^ RIA Novosti - Economy - The penultimate nuclear reactor of the Siberian Chemical Combine finally shut down
  10. ↑ NTI - Russia (English)