Kurchatov Institute
The Kurchatov Institute ( Russian Российский научный центр, "Курчатовский институт" ) is a physical-technical institute in Russia. It was entrusted with secret research projects until 1955 and was only known as Laboratory No. 2 of the Soviet Academy of Sciences . In the Soviet Union it was known as the "Kurchatov Institute for Atomic Energy" (Институт Атомной Энергии им. И.В. Курчатова), abbreviated КИАЭ (KIAE). It is named after Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatov . The institute is located in Moscow at 1 Kurchatov Square.
history
Initially designed for the development of nuclear weapons, the majority of Soviet nuclear reactors , such as the RBMK , were later designed there. The first tokamak plants for nuclear fusion were built here in the 1950s (T3 and from 1968 T4). Until 1991 the institute was subordinate to the Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy, afterwards it was directly subordinate to the Russian government as RRC (Russian Research Center) "Kurchatov Institute". In February 2007 the institute was chosen as the main center for the development of nanotechnology in Russia.
The head of the institute is appointed by the Russian Prime Minister on the recommendation of Rosatom . In 2005-2015 Mikhail Kovalchuk was the director, after which he became president of the institute. The current (since November 2018) director is Alexander Blagow.
In the meantime, the institute is also active as an umbrella institute (National Research Center ): National Research Center Kurchatov Institute and includes:
- actual Kurchatov Institute itself
- Petersburg Institute of Nuclear Physics (PNPI) in Gatchina
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) in Moscow
- Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP) in Protvino
- National Research Institute for Structured Materials (CRISM) "Prometey" in St. Petersburg
- Research Institute for Chemical Reactions and Highly Pure Substances (IREA) in Moscow
- State Research Institute of Genetics and Cultivation of Industrial Microorganisms (GOSNIIGENETIKA) in Moscow
Data of the reactor blocks
In addition, there are 27 research reactors in the Kurchatov Institute, seven of which have been shut down and one is temporarily shut down. Thus 19 reactors are still in operation.
Homog means homogeneous reactor with light (L) or heavy (S) water (aqueous homogeneous reactor, AHR), tank a light water-cooled and light water moderated reactor, in tank WWR of the Soviet type WWR, and pool is also water-cooled and water-moderated.
| reactor | Reactor type | thermal performance |
start of building | Start of operations | Shutdown |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARGUS | HOMOG (L) | 20 kW | 10/10/1980 | December 01, 1981 | - |
| ASTRA | Critical arrangement | 0.10 kW | 01/01/1981 | 01/01/1981 | - |
| B-1000 | Critical arrangement | 0.20 kW | 01/01/1986 | 01/01/1986 | 01/27/1998 |
| DELTA | Critical arrangement | 0.10 kW | 01/01/1985 | 01/01/1985 | - |
| EMPHIR-2M | Critical arrangement | 20 kW | 10/10/1973 | 01/01/1973 | - |
| F-1 | Graphite reactor | 24 kW | 11/15/1946 | December 25, 1946 | - |
| FM MR | Critical arrangement | 0.10 MW | 01/01/1971 | 01/01/1971 | - |
| GAMMA | TANK | 125 MW | 01/01/1982 | 01/01/1982 | 06/17/1999 |
| GIDRA (HYDRA) | HOMOG (L) | 20 MW | 01/01/1971 | 01/01/1972 | - |
| GROG | Critical arrangement | 0.10 kW | 01/01/1980 | 01/01/1980 | - |
| IR-8 | POOL, IRT | 0.08 kW | 01/01/1980 | 08/01/1981 | - |
| KVANT | Critical arrangement | 1 kW | 01/01/1990 | 01/01/1990 | - |
| MAYAK | Critical arrangement | 0.01 kW | 01/01/1967 | 01/01/1967 | 09/27/2000 |
| MR | TANK | 50,000 kW | 10/01/1962 | December 01, 1963 | 01/01/1992 |
| NARTSISS-M | Critical arrangement | 0.01 kW | 01/01/1983 | 01/01/1983 | - |
| OP | TANK WWR | 300 kW | 10/10/1950 | December 01, 1989 | - |
| P | Critical arrangement | 0.20 kW | 01/01/1987 | 01/01/1987 | - |
| RBMK | Critical arrangement | 0.03 kW | 01/01/1981 | 01/01/1981 | - |
| ROMASHKA | HOMOG (S) | 40 kW | 08/01/1964 | 01/01/1966 | (07/11/1990) |
| RPT | Graphite reactor | 10,000 kW | 01/01/1950 | 04/01/1952 | 01/01/1962 |
| SF-1 | Critical arrangement | 0.10 kW | 10/01/1972 | 01/01/1972 | - |
| SF-3 | Critical arrangement | 0.10 kW | 01/01/1979 | 01/01/1979 | 01/01/1993 |
| SF-5 | Critical arrangement | 0.10 kW | 01/01/1971 | 01/01/1971 | 01/01/1993 |
| SF-7 | Critical arrangement | 0.10 kW | 01/01/1975 | 01/01/1975 | - |
| SK PHYSICAL | Critical arrangement | 0.60 kW | 01/01/1997 | 01/01/1997 | - |
| Basement | Critical arrangement | 0.10 kW | 01/01/1965 | 01/01/1965 | - |
Individual evidence
- ↑ Page of the operator ( Memento of the original from September 6, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Russian)
- ↑ Article Tokamak in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- ↑ Национальный исследовательский центр "Курчатовский институт" ; accessed on August 16, 2019
- ↑ "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт конструкционных материалов" Прометей "; accessed August 16, 2019
- ↑ Research Reactor Database of the IAEA (English)
- ↑ This reactor was developed as a prototype for the reactors in the Mayak nuclear facility .
See also
Coordinates: 55 ° 47 ′ 41 ″ N , 37 ° 28 ′ 22 ″ E