Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics

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ITEP main building

The Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics in Moscow , ITEP for short (SSC RF ITEP), Russian Институт теоретической и экспериментальной физики , is a physics institute that is subordinate to the Rosatom atomic authority . It is located near the corner of Sevastopol Prospect and Nakhimovsky Prospect (Bolshaya Cheremuskinskaya 25) and is located on the site of an 18th century mansion (Cheremushki) . The director is (as of 2008) Boris Jurjewitsch Scharkow .

history

ITEP was founded on December 1, 1945 and dealt with the development of the theory of nuclear reactors from early 1947 to 1949 . At that time it was still called Laboratory 3 . Abram Isaakowitsch Alichanow was the founder and director until 1968 . At ITEP, work is carried out in a wide variety of areas of basic and applied research, from physics and mathematics to biology and chemistry. The employees are also active in teaching (at the pre-diploma and diploma level as well as doctorates ) and regularly organize conferences, seminars and a winter school.

From 1949, the ITEP maintained a heavy water reactor (today there is a heavy water reactor Maket ) and from 1961 a 7-GeV proton - synchrotron , the first Russian particle accelerator with a strong focus and a prototype for the later 76-GeV accelerator in Protvino . Today they maintain a 10 GeV proton synchrotron and a proton linear accelerator . During the Soviet Union, ITEP scientists won 8 Lenin awards and 29 state awards.

From the 1980s, a research program to study nuclear fusion using heavy ion accelerators was started.

At the moment (2008) the focus areas are theoretical and mathematical physics (e.g. quantum field theory and string theory ), astrophysics , elementary particle physics (e.g. you are involved in DESY and CERN experiments with working groups ), nuclear physics , plasma physics , solid state physics , nanotechnologies , Nuclear reactor technology, accelerator physics, medical physics (such as PET devices, cancer treatment with the proton accelerator) and computer science. They were one of the first Russian institutes to be networked via the World Wide Web and operate the Moscow mirror of the Arxiv preprint server.

Directors

meaning

The Russian theoretical physicists Lew Landau (ITEP considers itself in the tradition of the Landau school) and Isaak Jakowlewitsch Pomeranschuk , who led a seminar here from the 1950s, were of decisive importance . The well-known textbook on quantum electrodynamics by Alexander Iljitsch Achijeser and WB Berestezki was written at the institute in 1953. The ITEP achieved successes e.g. B. with scientists such as Michail Schifman , Boris Joffe , Arkady Vainshtein , Michail Woloschin , Victor A. Novikov and Valentin Iwanowitsch Sakharow (Zakharov) in quantum chromodynamics in the 1980s. Other theorists were Wadim Knischnik , Alexei Morosow , Igor Kritschewer and Sergei Gukow in the field of string theory, quantum field theory and mathematical physics, Alexander Dmitrijewitsch Dolgow in cosmology, Igor Kobsarew , Michael Marinov . Other important theoretical physicists at the institute were Karen Avetowitsch Ter-Martirosjan and Lev Okun , who were both responsible for the selection of scientists during the Soviet Union, which at that time was tantamount to a strict "screening".

Pomeranchuk Prize

ITEP has been awarding the Pomeranchuk Prize ( Russian: Премия Померанчука ) since 1998 in honor of Isaak Jakowlewitsch Pomeranschuk . Award winners have been:

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ Schifman in the introduction to his ITEP Lectures 1995 ( Memento of the original dated February 7, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.itep.ru
  2. ↑ Лауреаты Премии Исаака Померанчука – 2019. In: itep.ru. May 20, 2019, Retrieved July 13, 2019 (Russian).
  3. ↑ Объявлены лауреаты премии им. Померанчука. In: atomic-energy.ru. May 19, 2020, accessed June 7, 2020 (Russian).