Mikhail Schifman

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Michail Schifman (2012)

Mikhail "Misha" Arkadievich Schifman ( Russian Михаил Аркадьевич Шифман ., Scientific transliteration Mikhail Šifman ; * 4. April 1949 in Riga ) cited in English as Mikhail Shifman, is a Russian theoretical physicist, in particular, handles quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and supersymmetric Versions of the QCD employed.

Life

Schifman moved with his family to Ukraine in 1952 and then to Moscow . In 1966 he began his studies at the Moscow Institute for Physics and Technology in Dolgoprudny near Moscow (graduated in 1972) and then at the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) with Boris Joffe , Valentin Sakharov and Arkady Vainshtein, where he received his doctorate in 1976 (Russian doctoral degree, corresponds to the habilitation in western countries). He stayed at the institute until 1989 and after the collapse of the Soviet Union (he was allowed to travel to the West for the first time in 1989) he moved to the University of Bern and in 1990 as a professor at the University of Minnesota , where he is now "Ida Cohen Fine Professor".

Schifman is best known for his research - partly with his teachers Sakharov and Vainshtein - on non-perturbation-theoretical aspects of QCD (and in general of Yang-Mills theories and their supersymmetric analogues), in particular the role of instantons in the confinement problem. In 1979, together with Sakharov and Vainshtein, he found the SVZ sum rules of the QCD, named after them, which make properties of some meson states of low energy accessible for an analytical calculation in the QCD.

In the 1990s he also worked on extra dimensions in elementary particle physics. He examined u. a. the possibility to explain the observed 3-family structure of the elementary particles and the disappearance of the cosmological constant with Brane worlds in extra dimensions.

As early as the 1980s in his research group in Moscow he received the first exact results on supersymmetrical Yang-Mills theories (gluino condensate, NSVZ beta function), before the work of Nathan Seiberg and Edward Witten . In the 1990s, he found non-perturbation-theoretical structures in supersymmetrical Yang-Mills theories such as boundary surfaces (domain walls) with special “critical” properties (BPS-saturated), flux tubes and monopoles with confinement. He also found exact transitions from supersymmetric to “ordinary” Yang Mills theories (of the “Orientifold” type) with the help of the development according to an infinite number of degrees of freedom of color (“Large N Limit”, “Planar Equivalence”).

He also deals with other QCD aspects such as semileptonic decays and the physics of heavy quarks in QCD. In 1974, together with Vainshtein and Sakharov, he discovered how flavor- damaging weak decays take place via the so-called penguin diagram . In the 1980s he investigated the physics of heavy quarks with operator-product developments.

In 1980 he introduced with Vainshtein and Sakharov the "invisible axion " (Invisible Axion) after the original axion had been excluded by astrophysical observations.

Schifman is a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS). In 1997 he received the Alexander von Humboldt Research Award. In 1999 he received the Sakurai Prize with Valentin Ivanovich Sakharov (Zakharov) and Arkady Vainshtein . In 2006 he received the Lilienfeld Prize. In 2007 he held the Blaise Pascal Chair in Paris. For 2013 he was awarded the Pomeranchuk Prize . In 2016 he received the Dirac Medal (ICTP) and in 2018 he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences .

Fonts

  • ITEP Lectures on Physics and Field Theory 2 volumes, World Scientific, Singapore, 1999
  • Instantons in Gauge Theories . World Scientific, 2004 (Reprint Volume)
  • Published by: Vacuum Structure and QCD Sum Rules . North Holland 1992
  • with Unsal: Confinement in Yang-Mills: The Big Picture . 2008, arxiv : 0810.3861
  • Exact results in gauge theories - putting Supersymmetry to work . Sakurai Lecture 1999, arxiv : hep-th / 9906049
  • ITEP Lectures in Particle Physics . 1995, arxiv : hep-ph / 9510397 (Introduction to his ITEP Lectures in Particle Physics with memories)
  • Novikov-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov beta function . Scholarpedia, 2012

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Referred to as " Master " degree on its English homepage
  2. ^ QCD and Resonance Physics . In: Nuclear Physics B . Volume 147, 1979, pp. 385-518, presented in retrospect in Shifman: QCD Sum Rules - the second decade . 1993, arxiv : hep-ph / 9304253
  3. ^ V. Novikov, Schiffman, Vainshtein, Sacharow: Exact Gell-Mann-Low Function of Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Theories from Instanton Calculus . In: Nuclear Physics B . Volume 229, 1983, p. 381; Beta Function in Supersymmetric Gauge Theories. Instantons Versus Traditional Approach . In: Physics Letters B . Volume 166, 1986, p. 329; Shifman and Vainshtein: On Gluino Condensation in Supersymmetric Gauge Theories. SU (N) and O (N) Groups. In: Nuclear Physics B . Volume 296, 1988, p. 445
  4. ↑ a book with Yung: Supersymmetric Solitons to appear in 2009 with Cambridge University Press
  5. ^ A possible mechanism for the Delta T = 1/2 rule in nonleptonic decays of strange particles . In: JETP Letters . Volume 22, 1975, pp. 55-56; Light Quarks and the Origin of the Delta I = 1/2 Rule in the Nonleptonic Decays of Strange Particles . In: Nuclear Physics B . Volume 120, 1977, p. 316; Nonleptonic Decays of K Mesons and Hyperons . In: Sov. Phys. JETP . Volume 45, 1977, p. 670
  6. ↑ Shifman and Voloshin: On Annihilation of Mesons Built from Heavy and Light Quark and anti-B0 ↔ B0 Oscillations . In: Sov. J. Nuclear Physics . Volume 45, 1987, p. 292; Shifman and Voloshin: On Production of d and D * Mesons in B Meson Decays . In: Sov. J. Nuclear Physics . Volume 47, 1988, p. 511; Ikaros IY Bigi, Mikhail A. Shifman, NG Uraltsev and Arkady I. Vainshtein: QCD predictions for lepton spectra in inclusive heavy flavor decays . In: Physical Review Letters . Volume 71, 1993, pp. 496-499, hep-ph / 9304225
  7. ↑ Mikhail A. Shifman, AI Vainshtein, Valentin I. Zakharov: Can Confinement Ensure Natural CP Invariance of Strong Interactions? . In: Nuclear Physics B . Volume 166, 1980, p. 493. Independently at about the same time Michael Dine, Fischler, Srednicki and Kim.
  8. ^ Frank Wilczek: Review. (PDF) Physics Today
personal data
SURNAME Schifman, Mikhail
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schifman, Michail A .; Schifman, Mischa; Шифман, Михаил (Russian); Šifman, Michail (scientific transliteration); Shifman, Mikhail (English)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian physicist
DATE OF BIRTH April 4, 1949
PLACE OF BIRTH Riga