Abram Isaakowitsch Alichanow

Abraham Alikhanov ( Russian Абрам Исаакович Алиханов * February 20 ^jul. / 4. March  1904 ^greg. In Tbilisi , † 8. December 1970 in Moscow ) was a Soviet physicist.

Alichanov was of Armenian origin. His father was a train driver. In 1928 he graduated in physics from the Leningrad Polytechnic .

Alichanow discovered during investigations into artificial radioactivity in 1934 together with his younger brother Artyom Isaakowitsch Alichanjan (1908–1978), later one of the founders of the Physics Institute in Yerevan , the emission of electron-positron pairs by highly excited nuclei.

Ambarzumjan , Alichanow, Iossifjan , Saltykov , Kotscharjanz , Mikoyan , Sissakjan , Knunjanz and Jenikolopow on an Armenian stamp (2000)

He also researched cosmic rays and the weak interaction (including beta decay).

Alichanow was involved in the development of the first Soviet nuclear reactor in Obninsk (1949) and the Soviet atomic bomb . From 1945 he founded and managed Laboratory 3 , from which ITEP later emerged. He headed the institute until 1968.

In 1961 he was significantly involved in the construction of the first Soviet synchrotron with strong focus (with an acceleration energy of 7 GeV) and he was also involved in the plans for the next generation of particle accelerators in the Soviet Union.

He was a member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences . Alichanov received the State Prize of the USSR three times (1941, 1948, 1953) as well as the Order of Lenin , the Red Banner of Labor, and in 1954 he became a Hero of Socialist Labor .